New therapeutic players on the horizon: edible plant derived exosomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Kantarcıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Edible Plant

scholarly journals Modulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways by Naturally Occurring Compounds in Relation to Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Are Combinations Better Than Single Compounds?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8223
Author(s):  
Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak ◽  
Wanda Baer-Dubowska
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and NF-κB (nuclear factor–kappa B) signaling pathways play a central role in suppressing or inducing inflammation and angiogenesis processes. Therefore, they are involved in many steps of carcinogenesis through cooperation with multiple signaling molecules and pathways. Targeting both transcription factors simultaneously may be considered an equally important strategy for cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Several hundreds of phytochemicals, mainly edible plant and vegetable components, were shown to activate Nrf2 and mediate antioxidant response. A similar number of phytochemicals was revealed to affect NF-κB. While activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-κB may protect normal cells against cancer initiation and promotion, enhanced expression and activation in cancer cells may lead to resistance to conventional chemo- or radiotherapy. Most phytochemicals, through different mechanisms, activate Nrf2, but others, such as luteolin, can act as inhibitors of both Nrf2 and NF-κB. Despite many experimental data confirming the above mechanisms currently, limited evidence exists demonstrating such activity in humans. Combinations of phytochemicals resembling that in a natural food matrix but allowing higher concentrations may improve their modulating effect on Nrf2 and NF-κB and ultimately cancer prevention and therapy. This review presents the current knowledge on the effect of selected phytochemicals and their combinations on Nrf2 and NF-κB activities in the above context.

scholarly journals Nutritional Composition of Seed Kernel and Oil of Wild Edible Plant Species from Western Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 609-618
Author(s):  
R.K. Maikhuri ◽  
Dalbeer S. Parshwan ◽  
Pushpa Kewlani ◽  
Vikram S. Negi ◽  
Sandeep Rawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Wild Edible Plant ◽  
Edible Plant

Kombucha beverage from non-conventional edible plant infusion and green tea: characterization, toxicity, antioxidant activities and antimicrobial properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 102032
Author(s):  
Kelly Alencar Silva ◽  
Thais Matsue Uekane ◽  
Jeniffer Ferreira de Miranda ◽  
Larissa Fernandes Ruiz ◽  
Juliana Cristini Brum da Motta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Edible Plant

scholarly journals The Botanical, Chemical and Ethnobotanical Diversity of Southern African Lamiaceae

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3712
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Rattray ◽  
Ben-Erik Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Flora Of Southern Africa ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
History Of Use

The Lamiaceae is undoubtedly an important plant family, having a rich history of use that spans the globe with many species being used in folk medicine and modern industries alike. Their ability to produce aromatic volatile oils has made them valuable sources of materials in the cosmetic, culinary, and pharmaceutical industries. A thorough account of the taxonomic diversity, chemistry and ethnobotany is lacking for southern African Lamiaceae, which feature some of the region’s most notable medicinal and edible plant species. We provide a comprehensive insight into the Lamiaceae flora of southern Africa, comprising 297 species in 42 genera, 105 of which are endemic to the subcontinent. We further explore the medicinal and traditional uses, where all genera with documented uses are covered for the region. A broad review of the chemistry of southern African Lamiaceae is presented, noting that only 101 species (34%) have been investigated chemically (either their volatile oils or phytochemical characterization of secondary metabolites), thus presenting many and varied opportunities for further studies. The main aim of our study was therefore to present an up-to-date account of the botany, chemistry and traditional uses of the family in southern Africa, and to identify obvious knowledge gaps.

scholarly journals Anti-fungal activity of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) leaf extract and its development into a botanical fungicide to control pepper phytophthora blight

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Liao ◽  
Xuexiang Ren ◽  
Quan Gao ◽  
Niuniu Liu ◽  
Feng Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Pepper Phytophthora Blight

AbstractMoso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens, Gramineae) is a well-known medicinal and edible plant found in China with various bioactivities, but few systematic studies address the utilization of its anti-fungal activity. The extract of moso bamboo leaf showed good anti-fungal activity to Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium graminearum, Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Venturia nashicola, and Botrytis cinerea Pers, with inhibitory rate of 100.00%, 75.12%, 60.66%, 57.24%, 44.62%, and 30.16%, respectively. Anti-fungal activity was different by the difference of samples picking time and location. The extract showed good synergistic effects with carbendazim at the ratios of 9:1 and 15:1 (extract : carbendazim), and the co-toxicity coefficients were 124.4 and 139.95. Compound 2 was isolated and identified as the main active component, with the EC50 value of 11.02 mg L−1. Then, the extract was formulated as a 10% emulsion in water, which was stable and had no acute toxic effects. Moreover, a field trial about this formulation was assayed to control pepper phytophthora blight, with the control effect of 85.60%. These data provided a better understanding of the anti-fungal activity and relevant active component of moso bamboo leaf extract. Taken together, our findings illustrated that bamboo leaf extract could be developed and utilized as a botanical fungicide or fungicide adjuvant.

scholarly journals Study on the Sleep-Improvement Effects of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni in Drosophila melanogaster and Targeted Screening to Identify Its Active Components and Mechanism

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Liang ◽  
Riming Huang ◽  
Yongchun Chen ◽  
Jing Zhong ◽  
Jie Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Hemerocallis Citrina ◽  
Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography

Hemerocallis citrina Baroni (HC) is an edible plant in Asia, and it has been traditionally used for sleep-improvement. However, the bioactive components and mechanism of HC in sleep-improvement are still unclear. In this study, the sleep-improvement effect of HC hydroalcoholic extract was investigated based on a caffeine-induced insomnia model in Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster), and the ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS) and network pharmacology strategy were further combined to screen systematically the active constituents and mechanism of HC in sleep-improvement. The results suggested HC effectively regulated the number of nighttime activities and total sleep time of D. melanogaster in a dose-dependent manner and positively regulated the sleep bouts and sleep duration of D. melanogaster. The target screening suggested that quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, caffeic acid, and nicotinic acid were the main bioactive components of HC in sleep-improvements. Moreover, the core targets (Akt1, Cat, Ple, and Sod) affected by HC were verified by the expression of the mRNA of D. melanogaster. In summary, this study showed that HC could effectively regulate the sleep of D. melanogaster and further clarifies the multi-component and multi-target features of HC in sleep-improvement, which provides a new insight for the research and utilization of HC.

scholarly journals Multi-omics analysis of the bioactive constituents biosynthesis of glandular trichome in Perilla frutescens

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peina Zhou ◽  
Mengjiao Yin ◽  
Shilin Dai ◽  
Ke Bao ◽  
Chenglin Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Perilla Frutescens ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Trichome Types

Abstract Background Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt is a medicinal and edible plant widely cultivated in Asia. Terpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic acids are the primary source of medicinal ingredients. Glandular trichomes with multicellular structures are known as biochemical cell factories which synthesized specialized metabolites. However, there is currently limited information regarding the site and mechanism of biosynthesis of these constituents in P. frutescens. Herein, we studied morphological features of glandular trichomes, metabolic profiling and transcriptomes through different tissues. Results Observation of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated the presence of three distinct glandular trichome types based on their morphological features: peltate, capitate, and digitiform glandular trichomes. The oil of peltate glandular trichomes, collected by custom-made micropipettes and analyzed by LC–MS and GC–MS, contained perillaketone, isoegomaketone, and egomaketone as the major constituents which are consistent with the components of leaves. Metabolomics and transcriptomics were applied to explore the bioactive constituent biosynthesis in the leaves, stem, and root of P. frutescens. Transcriptome sequencing profiles revealed differential regulation of genes related to terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, respectively with most genes expressed highly in leaves. The genes affecting the development of trichomes were preliminarily predicted and discussed. Conclusions The current study established the morphological and chemical characteristics of glandular trichome types of P. frutescens implying the bioactive constituents were mainly synthesized in peltate glandular trichomes. The genes related to bioactive constituents biosynthesis were explored via transcriptomes, which provided the basis for unraveling the biosynthesis of bioactive constituents in this popular medicinal plant.

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