scholarly journals Das Testament als eine Textsorte. Eine linguistische Analyse des Testaments des galizischen Adligen Herman de Brunicki aus dem Jahre 1835

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Waldemar Czachur ◽  
Agnieszka Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Legal Language ◽  
The Will ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century

The aim of the article is to show the specific characteristics of the Galician legal language in the first half of the 19th century. The article analyses the 1835 will of Baron Herman de Brunicki. First, the pattern of the will, its structure and function are examined. Further on, the author focuses on the graphematic, lexical and syntactic levels of the will.

scholarly journals History of studying the kidney pathology in the mirror of numismatics. Report 3. Development of urology

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
O.V. Syniachenko ◽  
M. O. Kolesnyk ◽  
N.M. Stepanova ◽  
M.V. Iermolaieva
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century

The branch of historical science of numismatics (from the Latin "numisma" - coin) originated in the 19th century and became closely connected with economics, politics, culture and law, it includes a thematic study of coins, medals and plaque. Best of all, the history of uronephrology is illustrated by various forms of the medalist educational art (exonum or paranumismatics), and the medal became the prototype of the memorial coin. This work presents a catalog of more than 400 numismatic materials (including some unique, first cited), reflects the stages of development of the study of the structure and function of the kidneys, methods for diagnosing and treating diseases, there are links to significant historical events, brief biographies of physicians who have made an invaluable contribution are mentioned into the formation of this scientific discipline. The development of urology over 520 years of historical epochs of the New and Modern times were presented, portraits on 60 numismatic materials of well-known specialists-urologists and kidney transplantologists were presented, scientific forums of urologists were reflected on commemorative medals.

Structure and Function in Neurology and Psychiatry

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Structural Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the 19th century the triumphs of neuropathology and the clinico-anatomical method led to the evolution of neurology as a separate ‘organically’ based discipline associated with the concept of functional localisation. At the same time the growth of psychodynamic psychiatry contributed to the progressive separation of the two disciplines, with neuropsychiatry sitting uneasily in the middle. Psychiatrists are now showing increasing interest in the structure and function of the nervous system, but are having difficulty in integrating their findings into ‘functional’ diseases. This may be because disorder of function in the nervous system is much more complex than previously envisaged. The function of the nervous system is profoundly affected by psychological and social factors. The view that neurology is wholly ‘organic’ and synonymous with structural disease of the nervous system is fallacious. Neurological patients have complex dynamic disorders of function in the nervous system whether or not structural disease is present.

scholarly journals History of studying the kidney pathology in the mirror of numismatics. Report 2. Development of nephrology

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
O.V. Syniachenko ◽  
M.O. Kolesnyk ◽  
N.M. Stepanova ◽  
M.V. Iermolaieva
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century

The branch of historical science of numismatics (from the Latin "numisma" - coin) originated in the 19th century and became closely connected with economics, politics, culture and law, it includes a thematic study of coins, medals and plaque. Best of all, the history of uronephrology is illustrated by various forms of medalist educational art (exonum or paranumismatics), and the medal became the prototype of the memorial coin. This work presents a catalog of more than 400 numismatic materials (including some unique, first cited), reflects the stages of development of the study of the structure and function of the kidneys, methods for diagnosing and treating diseases, there are links to significant historical events, brief biographies of physicians who have made an invaluable contribution are mentioned into the formation of this scientific discipline. The work presents a role in the origin of the study of kidney and urinary tract diseases of ancient physicians (Aretea, Aristotle, Galen, Hippocrates, Rufus, Sushruta, Empedocles) and doctors of the Middle Ages (Avicenna, Da Carpi, Panaskerteli, Paracelsus, Sun Simiao).

scholarly journals Recent developments in mitochondrial medicine (Part 1)

4open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Volkmar Weissig ◽  
Marvin Edeas
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Medicine ◽  
Dna Mutations ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

Research into elucidating structure and function of mitochondria has been quite steady between the time of discovery during the end of the 19th century until towards the late 1980’s. During the 1990s there was talk about a “comeback” of this organelle reflecting a widely revitalized interest into mitochondrial research which was based on two major discoveries made during that time. The first was the etiological association between human diseases and mitochondrial DNA mutations, while the second revealed the crucial function of mitochondria during apoptosis. The March 5th, 1999 issue of Science even featured a textbook image of a mitochondrion on its front cover and was entirely dedicated to this organelle. Whilst the term “comeback” might have been appropriate to describe the general excitement surrounding the new mitochondrial discoveries made during the 1990s, a term for describing the progress made in mitochondrial research during the last two decades is difficult to find. Between 2000 and 2020 the number of publications on mitochondria has skyrocketed. It is now widely accepted that there hardly exists any human disease for which either the etiology or pathogenesis does not seem to be associated with mitochondrial malfunction. In this review we will discuss and follow several lines of mitochondrial research from their early beginnings up to the present. We hope to be able to convince the reader of what we expressed about a decade ago, that the future of medicine will come through mitochondria.

scholarly journals History of studying the kidney pathology in the mirror of numismatics. Report 1. Antiquity and middle ages

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
O.V. Syniachenko ◽  
M.O. Kolesnyk ◽  
N.M. Stepanova ◽  
M.V. Iermolaieva
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century

The branch of historical science of numismatics (from the Latin "numisma" - coin) originated in the 19th century and became closely connected with economics, politics, culture and law, it includes a thematic study of coins, medals and plaque. Best of all, the history of uronephrology is illustrated by various forms of medalist educational art (exonum or paranumismatics), and the medal became the prototype of the memorial coin. This work presents a catalog of more than 400 numismatic materials (including some unique, first cited), reflects the stages of development of the study of the structure and function of the kidneys, methods for diagnosing and treating diseases, there are links to significant historical events, brief biographies of physicians who have made an invaluable contribution are mentioned into the formation of this scientific discipline. The work presents a role in the origin of the study of kidney and urinary tract diseases of ancient physicians (Aretea, Aristotle, Galen, Hippocrates, Rufus, Sushruta, Empedocles) and doctors of the Middle Ages (Avicenna, Da Carpi, Panaskerteli, Paracelsus, Sun Simiao).

Kontrast und Wissen

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-102
Author(s):  
Robin Rehm
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Circle ◽  
Black Cross ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century

Kasimir Malewitschs suprematistische Hauptwerke ›Schwarzes Quadrat‹, ›Schwarzer Kreis‹ und ›Schwarzes Kreuz‹ von 1915 setzen sich aus schwarzen Formen auf weißem Grund zusammen. Der Typus des Schwarzweißbildes weist überraschende Parallelen zu den bildlichen Wahrnehmungsinstrumenten auf, die vom ausgehenden 18. bis Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts in den Experimenten der Farbenlehre, physiologischen Optik und Psychologie verwendet worden sind. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht diese Parallelen in drei Schritten: Zunächst erfolgt eine allgemeine Charakterisierung des Schwarzweißbildes mit Hilfe des Kontrastbegriffs von Edmund Husserl. Des weiteren wird die Entstehung und Funktion des schwarzweißen Kontrastbildes in den Wissenschaften des 19. Jahrhunderts typologisch herausgearbeitet. Unter Berücksichtigung des Wissensbegriffs von Max Scheler wird abschließend die Spezifik des Wissens eruiert, das die Schwarzweißbilder sowohl in der Malerei Malewitschs als auch in den genannten Wissenschaften generieren. Malevich’s main Suprematist works, such as ›Black Square‹, ›Black Circle‹, and ›Black Cross‹ from 1915, consist of black shapes on white ground. Surprisingly this series of shapes strongly resembles scientific black-and-white images used for research on colour theory, physiological optics, and psychology throughout the 19th century. This paper examines the parallels between Malevich’s paintings and the scientific drawings in three steps: It first characterizes black-and-white images in general, using Edmund Husserl’s definition of the term ›contrast‹. Secondly, the paper investigates the development and function of black-and-white images as tools of perception in the sciences. It finally discusses the specific knowledge generated through Malevich’s art and through scientific black-and-white images, following Max Scheler’s phenomenological identification of knowledge.

scholarly journals Cum Deus Calculat, Fit Mundus, or The Will to Technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Kasper Schiølin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Excess Energy ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Binary Logic ◽  
Compulsive Behaviour ◽  
The Will ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Google Search ◽  
Human Rationality

The understanding of technology as rational means to well-defined ends does not make sense anymore. To a still greater extent the usage of digital technologies is compulsive, and without clear purpose. It would be tempting to interpret such repetitive and useless behaviour in a Batailleian sense as an accumulation of excess energy, which would cause a state of ecstasy that encounters the hegemony of utility. However, the compulsive behaviour is only apparently useless. The circuit of exuberant energy produced by the compulsive user is the very life nerve of the anonymous digital industry, which absorbs every click, finger slide, retweet, like or Google-search – deliberately as well as compulsively – to ensure its growth and power. In this sense, technology seems to be neither a sheer material extension of human rationality, nor an abundant source of excess energy, but a blind, ravenous, and limitless will to nothing but itself. Bataille’s notion of excess energy is indeed an obvious choice for interpreting the compulsive behaviour of digital culture. Although Bataille’s reception of Nietzsche is evident, he only slightly touches upon the obvious relationship between his notion of excess energy and the will. Adopting the metaphysics of will, developed by Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and others in the 19th century will help to diagnose an already arrived future, where no energy is left to transgress binary logic.

An Analysis of Marketing Function of Fashion Show

2011 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 607-610
Author(s):  
Yi Xu ◽  
Mei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Marketing Theory ◽  
Marketing Function ◽  
Commercial Value ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
At Home

The fashion show was come into being with the appearance of retail of costumes in the middle of the 19th century. Up to now, it has become an indispensable media, added with a lot of artistic elements which strengthen its value of appreciation, in the fashion field. However, what could not be overlooked is that the ultimate goal of the fashion show is still the commercial value in the costume market and still to emphasize the significance and function in the costume marketing. By summarizing the practical experience of fashion show of hers and referring to all kinds of information at home and abroad, the author divides the fashion show into five categorizes and explains one by one. At the same time, the author analysis the marketing function of fashion show in practice by connecting marketing theory.

Indians and the Indian Civil Service, 1853–1879: A Study in National Agitation and Imperial Embarrassment

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Compton
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Administrative Positions ◽  
Single Issue ◽  
Personal Morality ◽  
Judicial Administration ◽  
Practical Reality ◽  
Political Security ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century

The question of the admission of Indians to the Covenanted Civil Service was perhaps the most important single issue connected with the British empire in India during the 19th century. The administration and the political security of the raj both depended very largely on this civil service. It was for this reason that, in 1793, important administrative positions were restricted to Europeans. Natives were thought to lack political reliability and personal morality; an additional disqualification was their lack of familiarity with Western principles of judicial administration. The objectionable legal statement of discrimination was later replaced by an admirable series of pronouncements of equality. Nevertheless, the Indian Civil Service was still, in the middle of the 19th century, a European elite body both in composition and function. There thus existed a conflict between professed intentions and practical reality. This antithesis underlay the development of the issue from the committee-room cliché that it was in 1853 to the crucial political problem that it had become by 1879.

National Solidarity and Unity in the Works of Fra Rajmund Rudež, Fra Josip Vergilij Perić and Don Ilija Ujević

2021 ◽  
Vol 3/2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Ivana Čagalj
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Pastoral Work ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Artistic Value ◽  
Political Works ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
National Solidarity

The paper analyzes the cultural, literary, and political activities of three priests related to the area of Imotska Krajina in terms of their by origin, works and service. An analysis of selected political and literary texts written in the last two decades of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century will show how (the)?priests’ discourse followed the development of Croatian intelligentsia in terms of balancing between spiritual and political Slavic unity and the vision of an independent and properly united Croatia. While in political works the priests expressed stronger rebellion, their literary works are a continuation of pastoral work, but without greater artistic value with a clear didactic message. The purpose of both types of texts is to continue the revival work, to enlighten the Zagora part of Dalmatia and to spread Croatian thought. They differ in their view of the solution to the Croatian question, political affinities, level of engagement, position and function, while what they have in common is the work on internal harmony, which among those more politically engaged included rebellion against Croatia's internal and external enemies.

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