scholarly journals The Impact of Failure Frequency Items on Availability and Operation Support Costs of Armored Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Ju-Sung Bong ◽  
◽  
Il-Ho Baek ◽  
Min-Seop Kim ◽  
Jang-Wook Hur
Keyword(s):  
Failure Frequency ◽  
Support Costs ◽  
Armored Vehicles ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Development of Failure Cause–Impact–Duration (CID) Plots for Water Supply and Distribution System Management

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungyub Lee ◽  
Sueyeun Oak ◽  
Donghwi Jung ◽  
Hwandon Jun
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
System Management ◽  
Failure Frequency ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Failure Classification ◽  
Component Failures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Impact Duration

Understanding the impact and duration (consequences) of different component failures (cause) in a water supply and distribution system (WSDS) is a critical task for water utilities to develop effective preparation and response plans. During the last three decades, few efforts have been devoted to developing a visualization tool to display the relationship between the failure cause and its consequences. This study proposes two visualization methods to effectively show the relationship between the two failure entities: A failure cause–impact–duration (CID) plot, and a bubble plot. The former is drawn for an effective snapshot on the range (extent) of failure duration and the impact of different failures, whereas the latter provides failure frequency information. A simple and practical failure classification system is also introduced for producing the two proposed plots effectively. To verify the visualization schemes, we collected records of 331 WSDS component failures that occurred in South Korea between 1980 and 2018. Results showed that (1) the proposed CID plot can serve as a useful tool for identifying most minor and major WSDS failures, and (2) the proposed bubble plot is useful for determining significant component failures with respect to their failure consequences and occurrence likelihoods.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of clozapine on suicide in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia in the UK

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Duggan ◽  
Juliet Warner ◽  
Martin Knapp ◽  
Robert Kerwin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Resistant Disease ◽  
Support Costs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a major cause of suicide, and symptoms characteristic of treatment-resistant disease are strong risk factors. Clozapine reduces symptoms in 60% of such patients and significantly decreases the risk of suicide.AimsTo model the impact of increased clozapine prescribing on lives saved and resource utilisation.MethodA model was built to compare current levels of clozapine prescribing with a scenario in which all suitable patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia received clozapine.ResultsIt was estimated that an average of 53 lives could be saved in the UK each year. If clozapine is cost-neutral, the cost per life-year saved is $.5108. If clozapine achieves a 10% reduction in annual support costs, the net saving is $8.7 million per annum. An average of 167 acute beds would be freed each year.ConclusionsThe use of clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia saves lives, frees resources and is cost-effective.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS OF RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR TURRET BALL BEARING RING OF A BMP-2 INFANTRY FIGHTING VEHICLE

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
O Akimov ◽  
V. Boiarov ◽  
M. Zhdaniuk ◽  
R. Kholodnyi ◽  
S. Pankov
Keyword(s):  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Bearing Ring ◽  
Armored Vehicles ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
Bearing Rings ◽  
The Impact

A large part of BMP-2 Infantry Fighting Vehicles needs to replace turret ball bearing rings. Under realization of replacement of spare parts and components made in Russia with domestic ones, KNVO "Fort" MVO Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine made an experimental batch of balls for turret ball bearing rings of infantry fighting vehicles BMP type. As a result of modernization of a turret ball bearing ring, steel balls were replaced with balls made of composite material. A turret ball bearing is a large radial thrust bearing, cages of which are turret races. A stabile lower race is fixed by means of screws to a top of the vehicle‟s hull. Above the fixed race there is a movable upper race to which the turret is bolted. A method for assessing the reliability of turret ball bearing rings of military armored vehicles was developed. The results of tests of turret ball bearing rings of BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicle tower are given. The reliability of turret ball bearing rings of armored vehicles was assessed taking into account the damage to the balls. The main types of damage to the balls: non-compliance of balls average diameter and non-compliance of the spherical shape of the ball to the requirements of operating documentation. The impact of the probability of no-failure operation of the balls on the durability of the ball bearing is determined. It is necessary to take into account the presence of damage to the balls when determining the durability of the ball bearing. To validate the adequacy of the method, it is necessary to increase the test time of the ball bearing by conducting tests during its operation.

scholarly journals About accidents cyclicality and mathematical model of failure rate in main electrical grids of power systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 01043
Author(s):  
Irek Galiaskarov ◽  
Misrikhan Misrihkanov ◽  
Vladimir Ryabchenko
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Dynamic System ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Failure Frequency ◽  
Electrical Grids ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Extended Time Period ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The accidents cyclicality of 500 kVoverhead lines of a large region over an extended time period was studied. Significant fluctuations in the values of their failure rate (failure frequency) under the impact of natural and socio-economic factors are revealed. The wavelet spectrums of the failure frequency were constructed, which revealed several historical periods of accidences. It is proposed to consider the failure rate as the output signal of a dynamic system with many difficultly formalized inputs. The stability of this dynamic system is evaluated. The ways of formalizing a multidimensional dynamic model of accidence in main electrical grids of power systems are outlined.

scholarly journals FRAGILITY EVALUATION METHODOLOGY FOR TSUNAMI-BORNE DEBRIS IMPACT

2020 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Hideki Kaida ◽  
Naoto Kihara
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Tsunami Height ◽  
Failure Frequency ◽  
Damage Probability ◽  
Tsunami Hazard Assessment ◽  
Tsunami Fragility ◽  
Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Debris Impact

In the safe design and risk assessment of structures in coastal area, it is important to consider tsunami-borne debris impact. Recently, probabilistic analysis has become the preferred form of analysis because of the large aleatory and epistemic uncertainties associated with tsunami effects, which are not captured in deterministic scenario-based assessments. By performing both a probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment (PTHA) and a tsunami fragility assessment (TFA) on structures, their annual failure frequency can be determined. The TFA involves evaluation of the response (e.g. debris impact force exerted on the structure) and the capacity of the structure to resist tsunami effects. Then, a fragility curve shows conditional damage probability of the structure for the tsunami magnitude (e.g., discrete tsunami height around the focused area). This study proposes a TFA methodology for tsunami-borne debris impact, as this has not yet been sufficiently established. Evaluation of the impact speed and impact probability of debris considering various uncertainties in the response evaluation are described in particular detail. Moreover, an assessment of a coastal industrial site was performed and fragility curves and the annual failure frequency of structures against debris impact were shown.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/es-ny8eIUfc

A Massively Parallel Approach to Automated Software Correctness Enhancement in Java

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Zakharchenko ◽  
Besma Khaireddine ◽  
Ali Mili
Keyword(s):  
Massively Parallel ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Support Costs ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Technical Risk ◽  
Automated Software ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Software Correctness ◽  
Source Of Error ◽  
Automated Tool

Software product faults are an inevitable and an undesirable byproduct of any software development. Often hard to detect they are a major contributing factor to the overall development and support costs and a source of technical risk for the application as a whole. The criticality of the impact has resulted in several decades of non-stop iterative improvements, aimed at avoiding and detecting the faults through development and application of sophisticated automated testing and validation systems, Finding the exact source of error, creating a patch to fix it and validating it for production release is still a highly manual activity. In this paper we build upon the theoretical framework of relative correctness, which we have laid out in our previous work, and present a massively parallel automated tool implementing it in order to support root cause analysis and patch generation.

scholarly journals METHOD FOR DETERMINING ENERGY LOSSES IN THE TRANSMISSION OF VEHICLES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (36) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
I. Shasha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oscillatory System ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transmission Losses ◽  
Armored Vehicles ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Generally the transmission can be considered as a mechanical system formed by a set of rigid links, the position and speed of which are determined by the problem of the law of motion of the engine crankshaft. The transmission of the car consists of a large number of flywheels which are interconnected by shafts, clutches and other elastic elements with different angular stiffness. These assembly units form a rather complex torsional oscillatory system with scattered parameters. Loads acting on the transmission of the car are due to environmental influences (macro- and micro-profile of the bearing surface, physical and mechanical properties of the soil, etc.) and fluctuations of the car itself, and are random. To determine the actual loads in its elements and the degree of non-uniformity of their motion, as well as finding the laws of this motion, it is necessary to take into account their elasticity and the impact of these processes on fuel consumption. The method of determining losses in the transmission of the car on the basis of the energy approach taking into account the operating conditions of armored vehicles of the NGU is proposed. The method should be based on a mathematical model of fuel consumption as the main source of energy, which takes into account the variety of operating conditions and follows from the theory of the car. Mechanical losses in the engine can be expressed through the magnitude of the piston stroke and crankshaft speed. The average effective pressure is determined by the force lost in the transmission and the force applied to the wheels of the car. The total moment of resistance of transmission given to driving wheels is presented in the form of two components: the moment caused by friction losses in knots transferring loadings (gearboxes, a transfer case, reducers of leading axles, cardan transfers), and the moment taking into account expenses energy for oil spraying in units (hydraulic losses). The total transmission losses consist of two main components: idling losses and torque transmission losses. Losses in transmission separately on units are defined by means of the special stands equipped with braking and loading devices. An important advantage of the method is the ability to obtain the equation of engine power balance and determine the efficiency of the transmission as a system with distributed parameters. Further research should be aimed at improving the mathematical model of fuel consumption, taking into account the calculated values of the transmission efficiency depending on the operating conditions of armored vehicles of the NGU.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

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