A comparative study on the impact of artificial intelligence on employment opportunities for university graduates in Germany and the Netherlands: AI opportunities and risks

Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Rauf ◽  
Muhammad Ashfaq ◽  
Rashedul Hasan ◽  
Md Abu Manju
2020 ◽  
pp. 1298-1313
Author(s):  
Robert Niewiadomski ◽  
Dennis Anderson

Our inventions defined the work we engaged in for centuries; created new industries and employment opportunities around them. They, however, had often unforeseen consequences that affected the way we lived, interacted with each other, and redefined our societal rules. The established narration portrays the impact of major technological leaps in civilization on employment as temporary disruptions: Many finds themselves without employment taken away from them by efficient, laborsaving inventions, but, in the long run, through gradual adaptations, improved education and gaining higher qualifications, everyone benefits. In this chapter, the authors explore the impact of the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) in relations to the labor market. The authors argue that this rather optimistic, even naïve scenario, collapses while confronted with the exponential growth of AI; in particular, with the potential arrival of syneoids – robotic forms of “strong AI” possessing, or even exceeding, the full range of human cognitive abilities.


Author(s):  
Shaukat Kamran ◽  
Iqbal Farhat ◽  
Alam Talha Mahboob ◽  
Aujla Gagandeep Kaur ◽  
Devnath Liton ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Vinichenko ◽  
◽  
Galina Yu. Nikiporets-Takigawa ◽  
Natalia V. Ljapunova ◽  
Oksana L. Chulanova ◽  
...  

The high dynamics of changes in the socio-cultural environment under the influence of the digitalization of society and the introduction of artificial intelligence requires a timely study of emerging phenomena and problems for a quick and adequate response. Despite the fact that today, management decisions are made by representatives of the older generations, the near future will be shaped on the basis of the opinion of young people – generation Z (GenZ). The aim of the article was to study the nature of the impact of digitalization and artificial intelligence on the socio-cultural environment through the prism of the views of generation Z students. Research methods: a set of general scientific and special methods. The main empirical research methods were a sociological survey based on the online service Google Form, an in-depth interview, and a focus group using communication programs. The study was conducted with the involvement of Russian and Slovak students from GenZ, taking into account the restrictions associated with the COVID 19 pandemic. The sociological survey was conducted among students of 35 leading universities in Russia (n = 1881) and 2 universities in Slovakia n = 316 people. The selection of respondents was made by the “snowball” method through a chain of redirecting questionnaires to generation Z students and attracting additional subjects to the study. As a result of the study, it was found that the impact of digitalization and artificial intelligence on society is complex, contradictory and ambiguous, the depth and extent of the impact of which has not yet been studied. For the first time, the authors revealed the similarities and differences in the positions of Russian and Slovak students of GenZ in their various combinations. There was revealed a statistical significance between the factorial and effective signs (p <0.001) with a very high positive correlation. Pearson's correlation coefficient is in the range R = 0.973-9902. At the same time, 66% of Russian and 65% of Slovak GenZ believe that digitalization of society and AI will create favorable conditions for the training and development of youth, employment of university graduates; 55% of Slovak respondents (against 42% of Russian) believe that these processes will deepen social inequality in society. Risks of a decrease in human intellectual abilities have been identified against the background of digitalization and AI coverage of the entire social environment, but they have not yet reached their peak values. As a result, the main factors influencing the socio-cultural environment were formulated, the dependence in the triad system "student-teacher-university administration" was revealed: the longer distance education lasts in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic, the less students are willing to return to the offline format. The following trends were revealed: growth of some advantage of generation Z in employment in the context of digitalization and the introduction of artificial intelligence against the backdrop of the COVID 19 pandemic; reducing the time of interaction with the digital environment, monitor screens for rich people. The results obtained in the future are applicable to the development of the theory of digitalization and the use of artificial intelligence in the social environment, the upbringing of generation Z.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Dr. Asif Jamil ◽  
Uzma Kareem ◽  
Malik Amer Atta ◽  
Muhammad Hafeez-ur- Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Younis Khan ◽  
...  

The study aimed at investigating the benefits or otherwise of National Internship Programme of Pakistan as perceived by the graduates of Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan. Another area of investigation was to ascertain the impact of discontinuation of the Programme. The findings of this research indicated that National Internship Programme has been successful in terms of providing professional knowledge, hands on experience, financial support, exposure to the main stream job market as well as employment opportunities to the internees. The Program changed the perception of the students’ altogether, which were now beginning to appreciate all the possible benefits resulting from the programme. The discontinuation of the National Internship programme has been seen as a step that will not only put a stop to all the benefits that were being derived by the internees but it will also be a contributing factor towards lack of professional development, less financial independence and increased levels of un-employment for the fresh graduates. The study strongly recommends allocating additional resources to fund similar internship programs, improving program flexibility and further encouraging student participation.   Keywords: National Internship Programme, Graduates, Benefits, Discontinuation


Author(s):  
Robert Niewiadomski ◽  
Dennis Anderson

Our inventions defined the work we engaged in for centuries; created new industries and employment opportunities around them. They, however, had often unforeseen consequences that affected the way we lived, interacted with each other, and redefined our societal rules. The established narration portrays the impact of major technological leaps in civilization on employment as temporary disruptions: Many finds themselves without employment taken away from them by efficient, laborsaving inventions, but, in the long run, through gradual adaptations, improved education and gaining higher qualifications, everyone benefits. In this chapter, the authors explore the impact of the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) in relations to the labor market. The authors argue that this rather optimistic, even naïve scenario, collapses while confronted with the exponential growth of AI; in particular, with the potential arrival of syneoids – robotic forms of “strong AI” possessing, or even exceeding, the full range of human cognitive abilities.


Author(s):  
Kelisiana Thynne

Abstract This article poses the question as to whether and why States overlook the prosecution of people for war crimes rather than terrorist offences, where war crimes would be preferred. It looks at whether a diverse range of States (Afghanistan, Australia, Mali, the Netherlands and the Russian Federation) are able through their domestic legislation to prosecute people for war crimes or for terrorist offences. It considers what the value of prosecutions is theoretically and legally, and what the impact of prosecutions is practically in a State. It proposes that prosecutors, police and judges should ask the question whether an alleged offender should be prosecuted for war crimes and/or terrorist offences with war crimes being the preferred option where there is evidence that they have been committed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Katherine Kirk ◽  
Ellen Bal

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between migration and integration policies in the Netherlands, diaspora policies in India, and the transnational practices of Indian highly skilled migrants to the Netherlands. We employ anthropological transnational migration theories (e.g., Ong 1999; Levitt and Jaworsky 2007) to frame the dynamic interaction between a sending and a receiving country on the lives of migrants. This paper makes a unique contribution to migration literature by exploring the policies of both sending and receiving country in relation to ethnographic data on migrants. The international battle for brains has motivated states like the Netherlands and India to design flexible migration and citizenship policies for socially and economically desirable migrants. Flexible citizenship policies in the Netherlands are primarily concerned with individual and corporate rights and privileges, whereas Indian diaspora policies have been established around the premise of national identity.


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