A Comparative Study of MH and EMS in the Induction of Chromosomal Aberrations on Lateral Root Meristem in Clitoria ternatea L..

AbstractThe effects of exogenous polyamines (PAs): spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd), cadaverine (Cad) and putrescine (Put) on mitotic activity and chromosomal aberrations in root meristem cells of Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) seeds exposed to salinity were analyzed. The PAs significantly inhibited cell division in distilled water. Furthermore, most of these PAs (except for Spd) caused a significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations as compared to control group. Seeds treated with Put caused the highest percentage of mitotic abnormalities in total. The negative effect of salinity on mitotic index and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations increased with increasing salt concentration. PAs studied could not be successful in ameliorating of the negative effect of salinity on mitotic activity. Particularly, exposure to Cad and 0.40 M NaCl caused a complete block of cell division in total. However, most of the PA studied showed a perfectly performance in alleviating the detrimental effects of increasing salinity on chromosomal aberrations.

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The Effect of Trifluralin on the Ultrastructure of Dividing Cells of the Root Meristem of Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L. ‘ACALA 4-42’)

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.15.2.429 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 429-441

Author(s):

D. HESS ◽

D. BAYER

Keyword(s):

Cell Division ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Lateral Root ◽

Root Meristem ◽

Metaphase Plate ◽

Threshold Concentration ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽

Ultrastructural Studies ◽

Cell Divisions ◽

Dividing Cells

Ultrastructural studies of trifluralin-treated cells in lateral root meristems of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) revealed that mitotic disruptions were due to the absence of microtubules. The extent of disruption varied between individual roots and correlated with the presence or absence of microtubules. Where microtubules were absent, cells began division with a normal prophase chromosome cycle. The chromosomes did not line up along a metaphase plate, but coalesced in the cell. If cell division had begun prior to microtubule disappearance the mitotic process was arrested at the stage that had been reached when the disappearance occurred. In some cell divisions randomly oriented microtubules were noted, with mitosis apparently arrested at those stages. Nuclear envelope reformation yielded cells that were polyploid, polymorphonucleate, binucleate, or occasionally multinucleate. If microtubules were present and if their orientation were normal, all stages of mitosis occurred. The range of mitotic disruption observed can be explained by the threshold concentration for microtubule disappearance being very near aqueous saturation of trifluralin.

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A Comparative Study on the Genotoxic Effect of Pyrimethamine in Bone Marrow and Spermatogonial Mice Cells

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2007-9-1009 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 62 (9-10) ◽

pp. 679-683 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Serap Çelikler ◽

Nilüfer Aydemir ◽

Rahmi Bilaloğlu

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Chromosomal Aberrations ◽

Acute Treatment ◽

Bone Marrow Cells ◽

Single Treatment ◽

Mutagenic Potential ◽

Antimalarial Agent ◽

Dose Levels ◽

Marrow Cells

Pyrimethamine is an antimalarial agent widely used in clinical therapy. We aimed to compare its mutagenic potential in mammalian spermatogonial and bone marrow cells. For studying chromosomal aberrations mice were treated acutely (single treatment) with 4 dose levels of pyrimethamine (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg). Pyrimethamine was found to produce a significant increase in structural chromosomal aberrations after acute treatment in bone marrow cells of mice (p < 0.001). It also induced chromosome abnormalities in spermatogonial cells (p < 0.05) at the highest dose.

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Chromosomal Aberrations Induced by Carbaryl in Root Meristem Cells of Pisum Sativum L.

Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia ◽

10.13005/bbra/2532 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 985-987

Author(s):

Khushboo Kushwah ◽

Ravendra Singh Chauhan ◽

R.K. Sarbhoy ◽

Harshal Kumar

Keyword(s):

Cell Division ◽

Pisum Sativum ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Chromosomal Aberrations ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Root Meristem ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Root Tips ◽

Uniform Size ◽

Pisum Sativum L

ABSTRACT: Carbaryl, which is also known as sevin, induced mitostatic and turbagenic leading to clastogenic effects in the root meristem cells of Pisum sativum. The study was conducted at Department of Botany, Agra College, Agra. Seeds of uniform size of Pisum sativum were germinated on moist filter paper in petriplates. 1to 2 mm root tips were cut and treated with different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3,0.5%) of carbaryl prepared in distilled water for varying duration (3 to 9 hrs.) of time. It has mitodepressive and mitostatic effects on somatic cell division. These effects are directly proportional to concentration and duration. Common clastogenic effects are stickiness, condensation, breakage and bridges etc. Present investigation clearly revealed that carbaryl showed clastogenic and mitostatic effects. So, it should be used with precautions as it can be hazardous to both targeted and non-targeted biota.

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Lateral Root Initiation in the Parental Root Meristem of Cucurbits: Old Players in a New Position

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2019.00365 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Alexey S. Kiryushkin ◽

Elena L. Ilina ◽

Vera A. Puchkova ◽

Elizaveta D. Guseva ◽

Katharina Pawlowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lateral Root ◽

Root Meristem ◽

Root Initiation ◽

Lateral Root Initiation

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The HOBBIT gene is required for formation of the root meristem in the Arabidopsis embryo

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.125.3.521 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 125 (3) ◽

pp. 521-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

V. Willemsen ◽

H. Wolkenfelt ◽

G. de Vrieze ◽

P. Weisbeek ◽

B. Scheres

Keyword(s):

Lateral Root ◽

Root Meristem ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Cell Types ◽

Root Cap ◽

Wild Type ◽

Developmental Contexts ◽

Adjoining Cell ◽

Secondary Roots ◽

Active Root

In Arabidopsis, the root meristem originates from the hypophyseal cell and from an adjoining cell tier that is distinct at the heart stage of embryogenesis. We have analysed mutations in the HOBBIT (HBT) gene that is essential for root meristem formation. hbt embryos display incorrect hypophyseal cell development from the quadrant stage onward. At the heart stage, the adjoining cell tier of hbt embryos develops abnormally, in that the activation of cell division and the formation of a lateral root cap layer are disturbed. Strong hbt mutants give rise to seedlings that lack an anatomically recognisable quiescent centre and differentiated columella root cap cells, the cell types derived from the wild-type hypophysis. Furthermore, they have no mitotically active root meristem and lack a differentiated lateral root cap. Secondary roots of hbt mutants and roots obtained from cultured cells of hbt mutants have similar defects. Therefore the HBT gene is required for root meristem formation in different developmental contexts.

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