Evaluation of the cytogenotoxic activity of mercury by analyzing chromosomal aberrations in wheat root meristem cells

AbstractThe effects of exogenous polyamines (PAs): spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd), cadaverine (Cad) and putrescine (Put) on mitotic activity and chromosomal aberrations in root meristem cells of Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) seeds exposed to salinity were analyzed. The PAs significantly inhibited cell division in distilled water. Furthermore, most of these PAs (except for Spd) caused a significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations as compared to control group. Seeds treated with Put caused the highest percentage of mitotic abnormalities in total. The negative effect of salinity on mitotic index and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations increased with increasing salt concentration. PAs studied could not be successful in ameliorating of the negative effect of salinity on mitotic activity. Particularly, exposure to Cad and 0.40 M NaCl caused a complete block of cell division in total. However, most of the PA studied showed a perfectly performance in alleviating the detrimental effects of increasing salinity on chromosomal aberrations.

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A Comparative Study of MH and EMS in the Induction of Chromosomal Aberrations on Lateral Root Meristem in Clitoria ternatea L..

CYTOLOGIA ◽

10.1508/cytologia.57.259 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 259-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

B. C. Patil ◽

G. I. Bhat

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Chromosomal Aberrations ◽

Lateral Root ◽

Root Meristem ◽

Clitoria Ternatea

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Chromosomal Aberrations Induced by Carbaryl in Root Meristem Cells of Pisum Sativum L.

Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia ◽

10.13005/bbra/2532 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 985-987

Author(s):

Khushboo Kushwah ◽

Ravendra Singh Chauhan ◽

R.K. Sarbhoy ◽

Harshal Kumar

Keyword(s):

Cell Division ◽

Pisum Sativum ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Chromosomal Aberrations ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Root Meristem ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Root Tips ◽

Uniform Size ◽

Pisum Sativum L

ABSTRACT: Carbaryl, which is also known as sevin, induced mitostatic and turbagenic leading to clastogenic effects in the root meristem cells of Pisum sativum. The study was conducted at Department of Botany, Agra College, Agra. Seeds of uniform size of Pisum sativum were germinated on moist filter paper in petriplates. 1to 2 mm root tips were cut and treated with different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3,0.5%) of carbaryl prepared in distilled water for varying duration (3 to 9 hrs.) of time. It has mitodepressive and mitostatic effects on somatic cell division. These effects are directly proportional to concentration and duration. Common clastogenic effects are stickiness, condensation, breakage and bridges etc. Present investigation clearly revealed that carbaryl showed clastogenic and mitostatic effects. So, it should be used with precautions as it can be hazardous to both targeted and non-targeted biota.

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An assessment of cytotoxic potentiality of Aloe barbadensis on the root meristem cells of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.01129 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 6531-6535

Author(s):

Himshikha Yadav ◽

Sushil Kumar

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Chromosomal Aberrations ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Root Meristem ◽

Root Tip ◽

Aloe Barbadensis ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

The leaves of Aloe barbadensis are used in traditional and modern systems of medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic potentialities of aqueous solution of Aloe barbadensis leaves on Trigonella foenum-graecum root tip meristem cells using a cytogenetic approach. Treatments with various concentrations of Aloe barbadensis leaf extract to Trigonella foenum-graecum root meristem cells showed mito-inhibition and induced several chromosomal aberrations as chromsomal breakage, fragmentation, scattering, stickiness etc.

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ANTIMITOTIC AND GENOTOXICITY EFFECTS OF WILD LIBYAN ARTICHOKE CYNARA CORNIGERA LEAVES AQUEOUS EXTRACT

EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD) ◽

10.36713/epra4067 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 448-454

Author(s):

Yara El hasham ◽

Fauzia El garabulli ◽

Salem El shatshat

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Chromosomal Aberrations ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Root Meristem ◽

Root Tip ◽

Chromosomal Structure ◽

Mitotic Abnormalities ◽

And Behavior ◽

Tip Cells ◽

Root Tip Cells

Allium cepa root tip cells were used to find out the effect of Cynara cornigera extract on chromosomal structure and behavior during cell division. To measure the mitotic index and chromosome aberration in treated cells. The root meristem cells were treated with different concentrations of Cynara cornigera leaves aqueous extract (0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 mg/ml) for 4, 6 and 12 hours, respectively. The results indicate that aqueous extracts of C. cornigera plant have the ability to decrease the (MI) values with increasing the concentration at (P<0.005). The treatments have caused different kinds of mitotic abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations, such as: Change percentage of mitotic phases, C-metaphase, Stickiness, Disturbed nuclear membrane, Highly condensation of prophase and Accumulation of cell in interphase. KEY WORDS: Bioassay: Cynara cornigera: Leaf extract: Artichoke; Chromosomal aberrations.

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Ultrastructural Changes in the Root Meristem Cells of Rubus Chamaemorus L. (Cloudberry)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100116437 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 562-563

Author(s):

Arya K. Bal

Keyword(s):

Root Meristem ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Particulate Material ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Cell Organelles ◽

Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽

Golgi Membranes ◽

Rubus Chamaemorus ◽

Dense Substance ◽

Ultrathin Sections

In the course of studies in the root meristem tissue of Rubus chamaemorus L. some important changes in the ultrastructural morphology were observed during the initiation of senescence at the end of the growing season.Root meristems were collected from naturally growing healthy populations of Cloudberry plants, and fixed in Karnovsky's mixture or in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer. The samples were osmicated, dehydrated following usual methods and embedded in Epon. Ultrathin sections were stained in uranyl acetate and lead citrate.Figure 1 shows part of a dense cell in the meristem. The electron density of these cells is due to large amounts of a particulate material in the cytoplasmic matrix. The smallest particle seen in electron micrographs is about 40 A, although larger aggregates are also found, which remain randomly distributed in association with various cell organelles. Dense substance has been found associated with golgi membranes, proplastids, vacuoles and microtubules (Fig. 2).

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