Sevoflurane and isoflurane genotoxicity in kidney cells of mice

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the DNA damage and repair in kidney cells of Swiss albino mice after repeated exposure to sevoflurane and isoflurane and compare their detrimental effects. We used the alkaline comet assay to establish the genetic damage and measured three parameters: tail length, tail moment, and tail intensity of comets. These parameters were measured immediately after exposure to the above mentioned inhalation anaesthetics, two hours, six hours, and 24 hours later and were compared with the control group. Mean values of all three parameters were significantly higher in experimental groups compared to the control group. DNA damage in kidney cells of mice exposed to sevoflurane increased continuously before it reached its peak 24 hours after exposure. Isoflurane induced the highest DNA damage two hours after exposure. Levels of DNA damage recorded 24 h after cessation of exposure to both tested compounds suggest that sevoflurane was slightly more genotoxic than isoflurane to kidney cells of mice. According to these results, the currently used volatile anaesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane are able to damage DNA in kidney cells of mice. Such findings suggest a possibility for similar outcomes in humans and that fact must be taken into account in everyday clinical practice.

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Evaluation of Genetic Damage in Oreochromis mossambicus Exposed to Selected Nanoparticles by Using Micronucleus and Comet Bioassays

Croatian Journal of Fisheries ◽

10.2478/cjf-2018-0015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 115-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Puthan Variyam Vidya ◽

Kumari Chidambaran Chitra

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Tail Length ◽

Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽

Control Group ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Genetic Damage ◽

Sublethal Concentrations

Abstract The purpose of the present study is to extend knowledge on the adverse effects of nanoparticles by evaluating genotoxicity as environmental risk assessment in Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of the selected nanoparticles, namely silicon dioxide (SiO2NPs-12mg/L), aluminium oxide (Al2O3NPs-4mg/L), titanium dioxide (TiO2NPs-16.4mg/L) and iron oxide (Fe3O4NPs-15mg/L) for short-term (24, 72 and 96 h) and long-term durations (15, 30 and 60 days). Genetic damages such as cytoplasmic, nuclear and DNA damage were measured in the erythrocytes of fish by using standard genotoxicity tests such as micronucleus test and comet assay. The frequencies of micronuclei along with nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities were scored and compared with the control group. The intensity of micronuclei along with other nuclear and cytoplasmic anomalies are found to be increased significantly (p<0.05) in time-dependent manner in all exposure groups when compared to the control group, thereby indicating chromosomal damage as a result of contact with nanoparticles. The tail length and percent of tail DNA within the comet significantly (p<0.05) increased in time-dependant manner after exposure to all nanoparticles, demonstrating an increase in DNA damage. Taken together, by using micronucleus test and comet assay, it is evident that the selected nanoparticles at sublethal concentrations induced genetic damage in Oreochromis mossambicus.

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Nuclear Damage in Peripheral Erythrocytes of Cyprinus Carpio Exposed to Binary Mixture of Pesticides

Journal of Zoo Biology ◽

10.33687/zoobiol.002.01.1506 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 39-47

Author(s):

Faiza Ambreen ◽

Muhammad Javed

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Cyprinus Carpio ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Damage Index ◽

Tail Length ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Lethal Concentration ◽

Static System ◽

Genetic Damage ◽

Long Duration

The present study was undertaken to examine the DNA damage in peripheral blood erythrocytes of Cyprinus carpio under the binary exposure of bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos by using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). Limited efforts have been made to study the genotoxic effect for long duration period. Therefore, the present investigation was aimed to assess the genotoxicity of pesticide mixture to the freshwater carp, Cyprinus carpio at sub-lethal concentration exposure (33% LC50). At first 96-hr LC50 value of pesticide, the mixture was determined for Cyprinus carpio in a static system and then sub-lethal concentration was calculated and fish was exposed to this sub-lethal concentration of the mixture in glass aquaria for 70 days (five fortnights) at constant laboratory conditions. Peripheral blood erythrocytes were taken on a fortnightly basis for the time-dependent DNA damage assessment in-terms of percentage of damaged cells, genetic damage index and a cumulative tail length of comets. Concentration-dependent increase in the percentage of DNA damaged cells were observed up to a 4th fortnight, followed by a slight decrease in the 5th fortnight. Similarly, statistically significant time-dependent DNA damage was observed in terms of percentage of damaged cells, genetic damage index and a cumulative tail length of comets in treated fish (at 33% of LC50) as compared to control groups. The results supported the use of SCGE for evaluating the toxicity of pollutants which may be used as part of environmental monitoring programs.

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DNA Repair Biosensor-Identified DNA Damage Activities of Endophyte Extracts from Garcinia cowa

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10121680 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1680

Author(s):

Tassanee Lerksuthirat ◽

Rakkreat Wikiniyadhanee ◽

Sermsiri Chitphuk ◽

Wasana Stitchantrakul ◽

Somponnat Sampattavanich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Dna Repair ◽

Fluorescent Proteins ◽

Strand Break ◽

Control Group ◽

Focus Formation ◽

Dna Damage And Repair ◽

Biological Compounds ◽

Repair Pathways ◽

Garcinia Cowa

Recent developments in chemotherapy focus on target-specific mechanisms, which occur only in cancer cells and minimize the effects on normal cells. DNA damage and repair pathways are a promising target in the treatment of cancer. In order to identify novel compounds targeting DNA repair pathways, two key proteins, 53BP1 and RAD54L, were tagged with fluorescent proteins as indicators for two major double strand break (DSB) repair pathways: non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). The engineered biosensor cells exhibited the same DNA repair properties as the wild type. The biosensor cells were further used to investigate the DNA repair activities of natural biological compounds. An extract from Phyllosticta sp., the endophyte isolated from the medicinal plant Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy, was tested. The results showed that the crude extract induced DSB, as demonstrated by the increase in the DNA DSB marker γH2AX. The damaged DNA appeared to be repaired through NHEJ, as the 53BP1 focus formation in the treated fraction was higher than in the control group. In conclusion, DNA repair-based biosensors are useful for the preliminary screening of crude extracts and biological compounds for the identification of potential targeted therapeutic drugs.

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Assessment of DNA damage and oxidative stress among traffic conductors and coal miners

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.37.2.2848 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Irfan Ullah ◽

Muhammad Zahid ◽

Muhammad Jawad ◽

Aatik Arsh

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Tail Length ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Coal Miners ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Oxidative Stress ◽

Mine Workers

Objective: To assess the DNA damage and oxidative stress among traffic conductors and coal miners. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted in Karak, Pakistan from March to October 2019. A total of 240 individuals participated in the study with an age range between 17 to 55 years. Among the total sample, 60 participants had exposure to traffic pollution while 60 were mine workers. Two control groups, consisting of 60 individuals each, were also recruited for comparison with the two exposure groups. Comet assay protocols were performed for assessing DNA damage and oxidative stress (length of DNA tail, levels of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione (GSH)). Data was analyzed using T-test on statistix 9.0 software. Results: The DNA tail length in traffic conductors ranged from 26.83-30.55µm (Mean=28.69 µm while their control group had DNA tail length of 7.98-9.26µm (Mean= 8.62). There was significant difference (P <0.001) between exposure and control group. The DNA length recorded in coal mine workers and their control group was ranged from 29.06-31.26µm (Mean=30.16µm) and 9.42-10.22µm (Mean=9.82), respectively. There was significant difference (P <0.001) between the two groups. As compared to control groups, both exposure groups have high levels of Superoxide Dismutase and Malondialdehyde and low levels of Glutathione. The finding was statistically significant (P <0.001). Conclusion: Increased inhalational exposure to air pollutants via working in traffic or coal mines can impose higher oxidative stress and DNA damage among workers as compared to the general population. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2848 How to cite this:Ullah I, Zahid M, Jawad M, Arsh A. Assessment of DNA damage and oxidative stress among traffic conductors and coal miners. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2848 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Effect of Imidocarb Application on Oxidative DNA Damage Caused by Anaplasmosis

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v9i12.2308-2311.4754 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 2308-2311

Author(s):

Ahmet Cihat Öner ◽

Adnan Ayan

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Dna Fragmentation ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Tail Length ◽

Assay Method ◽

Control Group ◽

Tail Moment ◽

Before And After

This study was aimed to evaluate DNA fragmentation by using Comet assay in naturally infected sheep with Anaplasmosis before and after treatment with the Comet method, which shows DNA damage specifically. In the study, blood samples were collected from 10 Anaplosmosis infected and 10 healthy sheep. The anaplosmosis was diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms. The infection was confirmed by Giemsa staining. The blood was collected from control group and infected group before and after the treatment, from the vena jugularis with the appropriate method. The DNA fragmentation was checked by using the Comet assay of blood cells. The data were analysed throught ANNOVA one-way. The result showed higher DNA fragmentation in sick animals diagnosed with anaplasmosis; tail length and tail moment values were found to be statistically significantly higher than the control group. When the data obtained after imidocarb (IMD) application were compared with obtained during the disease, a decreased DNA damage and tail moment was determined, however, these values higher than control. In this study, DNA damage and the extent of this damage were investigated by the Comet assay method using a healthy control group before and after treatment in animals with Anaplasmosis. When the findings obtained from the study were evaluated, it was seen that Anaplasma agents caused DNA damage and with the imidocarb application given for treatment, DNA damage was reduced and results close to healthy individuals were obtained.

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Analysis of Genetic Damage in Lymphocytes of Former Uranium Processing Workers

Cytogenetic and Genome Research ◽

10.1159/000441889 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 147 (1) ◽

pp. 17-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Friedo Zölzer ◽

Renata Havránková ◽

Zuzana Freitinger Skalická ◽

Andrea Rössnerová ◽

Radim J. Šrám

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Cytochalasin B ◽

Control Group ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Genetic Damage ◽

Radon Exposure ◽

Uranium Miners ◽

Radioactive Nuclides ◽

Exposed Workers ◽

Effective Doses

The frequency of cells containing micronuclei (MN) and the presence of centromeres in these MN were analyzed in lymphocytes of 98 men from Southern Bohemia. Forty-six of them had worked at the uranium processing plant ‘MAPE Mydlovary' which was closed in 1991, and 52 men were controls from the same area. FISH using human pan-centromeric chromosome paint was employed to detect centromere-positive (CEN+) and -negative (CEN-) MN. A total of 1,000 binucleated cells (BNC) per participant were analyzed after cytochalasin B treatment. All BNC with MN (CEN+ or CEN-) were recorded. No differences were found between formerly exposed workers and the control group, neither in the total frequency of cells with MN per 1,000 BNC (mean levels ± SD, 9.1 ± 3.1 and 9.8 ± 2.5, respectively) nor in the percentage of CEN- MN, which were equal (50 ± 18 and 49 ± 17, respectively). Also, there was no difference between individuals living in the 3 villages closest to the uranium processing plant and those living further away. Considering the fact that effective doses of the workers at MAPE Mydlovary were overall similar to those of former uranium miners in whom higher frequencies of CEN- MN have been found more than 10 years after they had finished working underground, these results are somewhat surprising. A more detailed analysis of the exposures indicates that uranium miners received a greater percentage of their effective dose from the inhalation of radon and its daughters, whereas uranium processing workers received it from the incorporation of long-lived radioactive nuclides such as uranium. If, as has been suggested before, the higher level of DNA damage in miners is due to induced genomic instability, then this phenomenon may be related to radon exposure rather than exposure to uranium.

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Assessment of Cytogenetic Damage and Cholinesterases’ Activity in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Pesticides in Zamora-Jacona, Michoacan, Mexico

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126269 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6269

Author(s):

Rafael Valencia-Quintana ◽

Rosa María López-Durán ◽

Mirta Milić ◽

Stefano Bonassi ◽

Ma. Antonieta Ochoa-Ocaña ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Pesticide Exposure ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Tail Length ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Control Group ◽

Tail Moment ◽

Cholinesterase Activities

Pesticides have been considered as potential chemical mutagens; however, little is known about toxic and genotoxic effects during pesticide application in Zamora-Jacona, Michoacan State in Mexico. This study sought to determine DNA damage and cholinesterase activities inhibitions in 54 agricultural workers exposed to complex mixtures of pesticides vs. control group (26 individuals) using Comet assay in peripheral whole blood, micronucleus (MN) test in oral mucosa cells, Cytokinesis-blocked MN assay in lymphocytes (L-CBMNcyt) and measuring AChE and BChE activities in whole blood and plasma samples, respectively. Exposed subjects demonstrated significantly elevated levels of primary (Comet assay: tail intensity, tail length, tail moment, Olive tail moment) and permanent DNA damage (MN assay: in blood/buccal cells; frequencies of nuclear buds, binucleated cells, cells with condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis). However, inhibition of cholinesterase activities (AChE and BChE) was not observed in the workers. Confounding factors including sex, age, BMI, working exposure period, protection level, smoking habit (cigarettes per day units), alcohol consumption (weekly), medication, were considered in the analysis. These combined techniques demonstrated usefulness in the health hazards risks pesticide exposure assessment and suggested the need for periodic monitoring together with the education and the training of occupational workers for the safe application of potentially harmful pesticides.

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Leucocytes DNA damage in mice exposed to JS-118 by the comet assay

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327110388960 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (9) ◽

pp. 1297-1302

Author(s):

Tao Zhang ◽

Jiye Hu ◽

Yuchao Zhang ◽

Qianfei Zhao ◽

Jun Ning

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Tail Length ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Alkaline Comet Assay ◽

Genetic Damage ◽

Comet Tail ◽

The Mean

JS-118 is an extensively used insecticide in China. The present study investigated the genotoxic effect of JS-118 on whole blood at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h by using alkaline comet assay. Male Kunming mice were given 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg BW of JS-118 intraperitoneally. A statistically significant increase in all comet parameters indicating DNA damage was observed at 24 h post-treatment ( p < 0.05). A clear concentration-dependent increase of DNA damage was revealed as evident by the OTM (arbitrary units), tail length (µm) and tail DNA (%). From 48 h post-treatment, a gradual decrease in mean comet parameters was noted. By 96 h of post-treatment, the mean comet tail length reached control levels indicating repair of damaged DNA. This study on mice showed different DNA damage depending on the concentration of JS-118 and the period of treatment. The present study provided further information of the potential risk of the genetic damage caused by JS-118.

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Occupational benzene exposure and the risk of genetic damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.10985/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yanhua Zhou ◽

Kun Wang ◽

Boshen Wang ◽

Yuepu Pu ◽

Juan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Damage Index ◽

Tail Length ◽

Control Group ◽

Tail Moment ◽

Genetic Damage ◽

China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Low Concentration ◽

Benzene Exposure ◽

Study Results

Abstract Background To systematically evaluate the influence of benzene exposure on the genetic damage index of workers, and to explore the influence of low concentration benzene exposure on workers’ genetic damage index using 3.25mg/m3 as the boundary value, in order to provide a basis for improved prevention and control of the harm from benzene exposure to the occupational population. Methods We conducted a search of five databases, including Pub Med, Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Wan Fang Data and Chongqing VIP, to identify relevant articles up to December 25, 2018. Two researchers independently extracted and carefully evaluated the data according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the literature. The imported articles were managed by Endnote X7, and the data were extracted and sorted by Excel 2013. We utilized Stata 12.0 software to perform the meta-analysis in the present study. Results A total of 68 eligible articles were finally included for the synthetic analyses. The meta-analysis results showed that occupational benzene exposure led to significantly increased Micronucleus (MN) frequency, Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency, Chromosome aberration (CA) frequency, Olive Tail moment (OTM), Tail moment (TM), Tail length (TL), and Tail DNA% (T DNA%) compared to the control group (P < 0.05), and the pooled effect value estimates were 1.36, 0.98, 0.76, 1.06, 0.96, 1.78, and 1.42, respectively. Subsequent analysis of the effect of low concentration benzene exposure on genetic damage found significantly increased MN frequency increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Occupational benzene exposure can affect multiple genetic damage indicators. Even at an exposure concentration lower than 3.25mg/m3, benzene exposure has genotoxicity. These data provide an important scientific basis for the further revision of occupational disease prevention strategies in China. At the same time, increased attention should be focused on the health monitoring of the occupational population exposed to benzene, and health management should be strengthened to improve the health of the occupational population.

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Assessment of Antioxidant Effect of Beta-Glucan on the Whole Blood Oxidative DNA Damage with the Comet Assay in Colorectal Cancer

Current Molecular Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1874467214666210219145445 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Necla Benlier ◽

Nilay Uçar ◽

Eda Öğüt ◽

Havva Yeşil Çinkir ◽

Mustafa Yildirim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

Tail Length ◽

Antioxidant Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Tail Moment ◽

Beta Glucan

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant effect of beta glucan on oxidative DNA damage by comet assay. Methods: A total of 19 adult females and males diagnosed with stage 3-4 colorectal cancer and a control group of 20 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Blood samples of the participants were analyzed using Comet Assay for the parameters of DNA damage. Results: Significantly increased DNA damage was observed in patients versus control group as indicated by greater values of tail moment, tail percent DNA and tail length. Following incubation with β-glucan, a substantial reduction was found in the aforementioned parameters of DNA damage. Comet assay revealed significant levels of endogenous DNA damage in patients as shown by remarkable increases in the tail moment, the percentage of DNA in the tail and the tail length values, in comparison with the control group. Following treatment of fresh whole blood with β-glucan incubation, DNA damages were significantly reduced but lower values were observed after β-glucan incubation in the patient group versus control group. Conclusion: β-Glucan was found to reduce DNA damage substantially in colorectal cancer patients and show antimutagenic effects. Our results suggested that dietary β-glucan intake might be important in the genesis of colorectal cancer tumors.

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