scholarly journals Assessment of Cytogenetic Damage and Cholinesterases’ Activity in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Pesticides in Zamora-Jacona, Michoacan, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6269
Author(s):  
Rafael Valencia-Quintana ◽  
Rosa María López-Durán ◽  
Mirta Milić ◽  
Stefano Bonassi ◽  
Ma. Antonieta Ochoa-Ocaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Moment ◽  
Cholinesterase Activities

Pesticides have been considered as potential chemical mutagens; however, little is known about toxic and genotoxic effects during pesticide application in Zamora-Jacona, Michoacan State in Mexico. This study sought to determine DNA damage and cholinesterase activities inhibitions in 54 agricultural workers exposed to complex mixtures of pesticides vs. control group (26 individuals) using Comet assay in peripheral whole blood, micronucleus (MN) test in oral mucosa cells, Cytokinesis-blocked MN assay in lymphocytes (L-CBMNcyt) and measuring AChE and BChE activities in whole blood and plasma samples, respectively. Exposed subjects demonstrated significantly elevated levels of primary (Comet assay: tail intensity, tail length, tail moment, Olive tail moment) and permanent DNA damage (MN assay: in blood/buccal cells; frequencies of nuclear buds, binucleated cells, cells with condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis). However, inhibition of cholinesterase activities (AChE and BChE) was not observed in the workers. Confounding factors including sex, age, BMI, working exposure period, protection level, smoking habit (cigarettes per day units), alcohol consumption (weekly), medication, were considered in the analysis. These combined techniques demonstrated usefulness in the health hazards risks pesticide exposure assessment and suggested the need for periodic monitoring together with the education and the training of occupational workers for the safe application of potentially harmful pesticides.

Assessment of Antioxidant Effect of Beta-Glucan on the Whole Blood Oxidative DNA Damage with the Comet Assay in Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necla Benlier ◽  
Nilay Uçar ◽  
Eda Öğüt ◽  
Havva Yeşil Çinkir ◽  
Mustafa Yildirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Moment ◽  
Beta Glucan

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant effect of beta glucan on oxidative DNA damage by comet assay. Methods: A total of 19 adult females and males diagnosed with stage 3-4 colorectal cancer and a control group of 20 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Blood samples of the participants were analyzed using Comet Assay for the parameters of DNA damage. Results: Significantly increased DNA damage was observed in patients versus control group as indicated by greater values of tail moment, tail percent DNA and tail length. Following incubation with β-glucan, a substantial reduction was found in the aforementioned parameters of DNA damage. Comet assay revealed significant levels of endogenous DNA damage in patients as shown by remarkable increases in the tail moment, the percentage of DNA in the tail and the tail length values, in comparison with the control group. Following treatment of fresh whole blood with β-glucan incubation, DNA damages were significantly reduced but lower values were observed after β-glucan incubation in the patient group versus control group. Conclusion: β-Glucan was found to reduce DNA damage substantially in colorectal cancer patients and show antimutagenic effects. Our results suggested that dietary β-glucan intake might be important in the genesis of colorectal cancer tumors.

scholarly journals Effect of Imidocarb Application on Oxidative DNA Damage Caused by Anaplasmosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2308-2311
Author(s):  
Ahmet Cihat Öner ◽  
Adnan Ayan
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Moment ◽  
Before And After

This study was aimed to evaluate DNA fragmentation by using Comet assay in naturally infected sheep with Anaplasmosis before and after treatment with the Comet method, which shows DNA damage specifically. In the study, blood samples were collected from 10 Anaplosmosis infected and 10 healthy sheep. The anaplosmosis was diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms. The infection was confirmed by Giemsa staining. The blood was collected from control group and infected group before and after the treatment, from the vena jugularis with the appropriate method. The DNA fragmentation was checked by using the Comet assay of blood cells. The data were analysed throught ANNOVA one-way. The result showed higher DNA fragmentation in sick animals diagnosed with anaplasmosis; tail length and tail moment values were found to be statistically significantly higher than the control group. When the data obtained after imidocarb (IMD) application were compared with obtained during the disease, a decreased DNA damage and tail moment was determined, however, these values higher than control. In this study, DNA damage and the extent of this damage were investigated by the Comet assay method using a healthy control group before and after treatment in animals with Anaplasmosis. When the findings obtained from the study were evaluated, it was seen that Anaplasma agents caused DNA damage and with the imidocarb application given for treatment, DNA damage was reduced and results close to healthy individuals were obtained.

Leucocytes DNA damage in mice exposed to JS-118 by the comet assay

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1297-1302
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Jiye Hu ◽  
Yuchao Zhang ◽  
Qianfei Zhao ◽  
Jun Ning
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Alkaline Comet Assay ◽  
Genetic Damage ◽  
Comet Tail ◽  
The Mean

JS-118 is an extensively used insecticide in China. The present study investigated the genotoxic effect of JS-118 on whole blood at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h by using alkaline comet assay. Male Kunming mice were given 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg BW of JS-118 intraperitoneally. A statistically significant increase in all comet parameters indicating DNA damage was observed at 24 h post-treatment ( p < 0.05). A clear concentration-dependent increase of DNA damage was revealed as evident by the OTM (arbitrary units), tail length (µm) and tail DNA (%). From 48 h post-treatment, a gradual decrease in mean comet parameters was noted. By 96 h of post-treatment, the mean comet tail length reached control levels indicating repair of damaged DNA. This study on mice showed different DNA damage depending on the concentration of JS-118 and the period of treatment. The present study provided further information of the potential risk of the genetic damage caused by JS-118.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Genetic Damage in Oreochromis mossambicus Exposed to Selected Nanoparticles by Using Micronucleus and Comet Bioassays

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puthan Variyam Vidya ◽  
Kumari Chidambaran Chitra
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Genetic Damage ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Abstract The purpose of the present study is to extend knowledge on the adverse effects of nanoparticles by evaluating genotoxicity as environmental risk assessment in Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of the selected nanoparticles, namely silicon dioxide (SiO2NPs-12mg/L), aluminium oxide (Al2O3NPs-4mg/L), titanium dioxide (TiO2NPs-16.4mg/L) and iron oxide (Fe3O4NPs-15mg/L) for short-term (24, 72 and 96 h) and long-term durations (15, 30 and 60 days). Genetic damages such as cytoplasmic, nuclear and DNA damage were measured in the erythrocytes of fish by using standard genotoxicity tests such as micronucleus test and comet assay. The frequencies of micronuclei along with nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities were scored and compared with the control group. The intensity of micronuclei along with other nuclear and cytoplasmic anomalies are found to be increased significantly (p<0.05) in time-dependent manner in all exposure groups when compared to the control group, thereby indicating chromosomal damage as a result of contact with nanoparticles. The tail length and percent of tail DNA within the comet significantly (p<0.05) increased in time-dependant manner after exposure to all nanoparticles, demonstrating an increase in DNA damage. Taken together, by using micronucleus test and comet assay, it is evident that the selected nanoparticles at sublethal concentrations induced genetic damage in Oreochromis mossambicus.

scholarly journals Investigating Genetic Damage in Peripheral Lymphocytes of Radiation Workers at Al-Tuwaitha Site in Iraq Using Four Genetic End-Points

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Amel J. Mutter ◽  
Abdulsahib K. Ali ◽  
Abdullah A. K. ◽  
Haider Y. L. ◽  
Ali H. F
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Moment ◽  
Genetic Damage ◽  
Peripheral Lymphocytes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radiation Workers ◽  
The Mean

The present study aims to use the biological techniques in a genotoxicity assessment of DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes of radiation workers at Al-Tuwaitha site due to decommissioning to radioactive contamination as a result of work during January 2010 to December 2011. The subjects were divided into two groups: (i) 85 workers from radiation workers at Al-Tuwaitha site; (ii) 50 controls were matched non-smoking and no alcohol drink. Fresh blood samples were collected from the workers and controls. Four genetic parameter were studied using the micronucleus (MN) test, nuclear division index (NDI) test, the comet assay and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) mutation assay. The results of the MN test showed that the average of MN per cell (Mean ± SE) in workers were 0.025 ± 0.0016 MN/ cells, which were significantly higher than those 0.010 ± 0.0006 MN/ cells in controls P< 0.01. While, the results of NDI test the average of NDI (Mean ± SE) in workers were 1.154 ± 0.0089 when compared with the control 1.322 ± 0.0117, which were significant increase p<0.01. It was found in the comet assay that the mean tail length (Mean ± SE) of radiation workers and controls were 17.69 ± 0.23 µm and 14.05 ± 0.13 µm, respectively. There was a significant difference between radiation workers and controls for mean tail length P < 0.01, but the difference between the mean tail moment (Mean ± SE) 14.22 ±0.21 of workers and mean tail moment 12.96± 0.15 of controls was not significant P> 0.01. Mean while, the results of the average of mutation frequency for HPRT were no significant differences rate for radiation workers compared with the control group P> 0.01. In conclusion, the results of our experiment suggest that the accumulation of genetic damage is detectable in peripheral lymphocytes of radiation workers at Al-Tuwaitha site. Also, the current results of frequency MN and NDI within of normal values according of the technical report of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) No. 405, 2001.

scholarly journals Protection of sperm DNA against oxidative stress in vivo by accessory sex gland secretions in male hamsters

Reproduction ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Chen ◽  
MP Cheung ◽  
PH Chow ◽  
AL Cheung ◽  
W Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dna Breakage ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Epididymal Spermatozoa

Reactive oxygen species scavengers present in male accessory sex gland secretions might afford antioxidant protection to sperm DNA. This study was conducted to determine whether accessory sex gland secretions protect the genome and function of spermatozoa against oxidative damage in the uterus. Male golden hamsters were divided into four experimental groups: (i) all accessory sex glands removed; (ii) ampullary glands removed; (iii) ventral prostate gland removed and (iv) sham-operated controls. Ejaculated spermatozoa recovered from uteri 15-30 min after mating with experimental males and caput and cauda epididymal spermatozoa obtained from intact males were incubated in 0-20 mmol NADPH l(-1) for 2 h. These spermatozoa and untreated uterine spermatozoa were processed for two types of comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis): alkaline comet assay (pH > 13) which revealed single-strand DNA breakage and neutral comet assay (pH 9) which revealed double-strand DNA breakage. In comparison with the sham-operated controls, spermatozoa that had not been exposed to accessory sex gland secretions had a higher incidence and more extensive single-strand DNA damage with increasing concentrations of NADPH. Spermatozoa from hamsters without ampullary glands and from hamsters without the ventral prostate glands were similar to those of the control group. After incubation with NADPH, the capacity of spermatozoa from hamsters without accessory glands and from sham-operated controls to fuse with oocytes in vitro was reduced. However, only hamsters without accessory glands showed a negative correlation between single-strand DNA damage and sperm-oocyte fusion. Cauda epididymal spermatozoa were less susceptible to NADPH treatment compared with caput epididymal spermatozoa. The results of the present study showed that male accessory sex gland secretions can preserve the integrity of the sperm genome.

scholarly journals Persistent Increased Frequency of Genomic Instability in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer: Before, during, and after Treatments

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz ◽  
André Luiz Pinho Sobral ◽  
Jaqueline Nascimento Picada ◽  
Ivana Grivicich ◽  
Antonio Luiz Gomes Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Buccal Cells ◽  
Oncological Treatment

This study aimed to evaluate DNA damage in patients with breast cancer before treatment (background) and after chemotherapy (QT) and radiotherapy (RT) treatment using the Comet assay in peripheral blood and the micronucleus test in buccal cells. We also evaluated repair of DNA damage after the end of RT, as well as the response of patient’s cells before treatment with an oxidizing agent (H2O2; challenge assay). Fifty women with a mammographic diagnosis negative for cancer (control group) and 100 women with a diagnosis of breast cancer (followed up during the treatment) were involved in this study. The significant DNA damage was observed by increasing in the index and frequency of damage along with the increasing of the frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood and cells of the buccal mucosa, respectively. Despite the variability of the responses of breast cancer patients, the individuals presented lesions on the DNA, detected by the Comet assay and micronucleus Test, from the diagnosis until the end of the oncological treatment and were more susceptible to oxidative stress. We can conclude that the damages were due to clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects related to the neoplasia itself and that they increased, especially after RT.

scholarly journals SMOKING GENOTOXICITY IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES USING THE COMET ASSAY

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 038-041
Author(s):  
Shobha S. Shetty ◽  
Hrishikesh Nachane
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tail Moment ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background: Smoking has been shown to have a positive effect on DNA damage in almost all the cells of the body. Quantitative analysis of this damage will help in assessing the etiopathogenesis of various nicotine induced damage to the body. Comet assay has been an emerging tool in this regard and hence was applied by us to estimate the severity of DNA damage in smokers. Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the DNA genotoxicity in peripheral blood lymphocytes in smokers and their comparison with non smokers & assess the quantitative damage. Materials and methods: 30 smokers & 20 non smokers were recruited & their peripheral blood was taken for the comet assay to look for Olive moment & Tail moment to quantitatively assess the DNA damage due to cigarette smoking. Results: In our study there was no significant difference in the analysis of DNA damage (with regard to tail moment & olive moment) in smokers versus non smokers (P value: more than 0.05). Conclusions: Though smoking is known to cause DNA damage, we did not find significant differences between the two groups probably due to other multifactorial etiologies for genotoxicity.

scholarly journals THE BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATION AND DNA DAMAGE IN RATS (RATTUS RATTUS) AFTER CHRONIC INTRAPERITONEALLY INJECTION TO PURIFIED MICROCYSTIN-LR FROM ANABAENA CIRCINALIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Maher M Khadairi ◽  
Moayed Jy Al-amari ◽  
Ayad Mj Al-mamoori
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Tail Moment ◽  
Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis

  Objective: This study determined the effect of purified microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) on biochemical and DNA damage parameters in rats.Methods: Utilization of preparative high-performance liquid chromatography in analysis, purification and collection of MC-LR, then intraperitoneally injection of purified MC-LR to rats. At the end of exposure, animals were sacrificed, and liver cell was isolated to measure the biochemical markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) as well as measured malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytochrome P450 (Cyt P450), and DNA damage markers such as comet length, tail length, and tail moment were measured with the single cell gel electrophoresis also called comet assay.Results: The present results showed significantly increased activities of SOD as well as concentration of MDA, ROS with increasing concentration of MC-LR but the activities of CAT and GSH, as well as Cyt P450, were significantly decreased with increasing MC-LR dose while makers of DNA damage such as comet length, tail length, and tail moment also significantly increased with increasing MC-LR dose.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that chronic exposure to MC-LR toxin can induce alteration of biochemical and DNA damage markers.

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