scholarly journals Assessment of the Harmfulness of Moulding Sands with Alkyd Resin Subjected to the High Temperature Influence

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 2171-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Holtzer ◽  
R. Dańko ◽  
S. Żymankowska-Kumon ◽  
M. Kubecki ◽  
A. Bobrowski
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Alkyd Resin ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Binding Material ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Out of moulding sands used in the foundry industry, sands with organic binders deserve a special attention. These binders are based on synthetic resins, which ensure obtaining the proper technological properties and sound castings, however, they negatively influence the environment. These resins in their initial state these resins are not very dangerous for people and for the environment, thus under an influence of high temperatures they generate very harmful products, being the result of their thermal decomposition. Depending on the kind of the applied resin, under an influence of a temperature such compounds as: furfuryl alcohol, formaldehyde, phenol, BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene), and also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be formed and released. The aim of the study was the development of the method, selection of analytical methods and the determination of optimal conditions of formation compounds from the BTEX and PAHs group. Investigations were carried out in the specially designed set up for the thermal decomposition of organic substances in a temperature range: 500 – 1 300°C at the laboratory scale. The object for testing was alkyd resin applied as a binding material for moulding sands. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of compounds were performed by means of the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry (GC/MS).

scholarly journals Analysis of the Compounds from the BTEX Group, Emitted During Thermal Decomposition of Alkyd Resin

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kubecki ◽  
M. Holtzer ◽  
A. Bobrowski ◽  
R. Dańko ◽  
B. Grabowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Alkyd Resin ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Suitability of the given binding agent for the moulding sands preparation depends on the one hand on the estimation of technological properties of the sand and the mould made of it and the obtained casting quality and on the other hand on the assessment of this sand influence on the natural and working environment. Out of moulding sands used in the foundry industry, sands with organic binders deserve a special attention. These binders are based on synthetic resins, which ensure obtaining the proper technological properties and sound castings, however, they negatively influence the environment. If in the initial state these resins are not very dangerous for people and for the environment, thus under an influence of high temperatures they generate very harmful products, being the result of their thermal decomposition. Depending on the kind of the applied resin (phenol-formaldehyde, urea, furfuryl, urea-furfuryl, alkyd) under an influence of a temperature such compounds as: furfuryl alcohol, formaldehyde, phenol, BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene), and also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) can be formed and released. The aim of the study was the development of the method, selection of analytical methods and the determination of optimal conditions of formation compounds from the BTEX group. An emission of these components constitutes one of the basic criteria of the harmfulness assessment of binders applied for moulding and core sands. Investigations were carried out in the specially designed set up for the thermal decomposition of organic substances in a temperature range: 5000C - 13000C at the laboratory scale. The object for testing was alkyd resin applied as a binding material for moulding sands. Within investigations the minimal amount of adsorbent necessary for the adsorption of compounds released during the decomposition of the resin sample of a mass app. 15 mg was selected. Also the minimal amount of solvent needed for the desorption of compounds adsorbed in the column with adsorbent was found. The temperature range, in which the maximal amounts of benzene, toluene, ethylobenzene and xylenes are released from the resin, was defined. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of compounds from the BTEX group were performed by means of the gas chromatography combined with the mass spectrometry (GC/MS).

scholarly journals Identification and quantification of organic pollutants in the air of the city of Astana using solid phase microextraction

2017 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Dina Orazbayeva ◽  
Ulzhalgas Karatayeva ◽  
Kulzhan Beysembayeva ◽  
Kulyash Meyramkulova
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
The City

Solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography and mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and for identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air of the city of Astana, Kazakhstan. The screening of the samples showed the presence of mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, phenols, and benzaldehydes. The concentrations of naphthalene were 5-7 times higher than the permissible value, it was detected in all studied air samples. Average concentration of naphthalene was 18.4 μg/m3, acenaphthylene – 0.54 μg/m3, acenaphthene – 1.63 μg/m3, fluorene – 0.79 μg/m3, anthracene – 3.27 μg/m3, phenanthrene – 0.22 μg/m3, fluorantene – 0.74 μg/m3, pyrene – 0.73 μg/m3. Average concentrations of BTEX in the studied samples were 31.1, 84.9, 10.8 and 11.6 μg/m3, respectively. Based on the statistical analysis of the concentrations of BTEX and PAH, the main source of city air pollution with them was assumed to be vehicle emissions.

Development and Application of Prediction Model for End-Point Manganese Content in Converter Based on Data from Sub-Lance

2013 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 497-503
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Zheng Liang Xue ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
Wen Bin Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Correct Determination ◽  
Spot Tests ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Mlr Model

Base on smelting data from converter sub-lance in a factory, the prediction models for end manganese content in converter were established by Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and BP Neural Network (BP-NN) respectively. Prediction results showed that, MLR model was easy to set up, but could not accurately describe steelmaking process and its results were unsatisfactory, while BPNN model got more accurate prediction results for end manganese content in converter based on proper selection of model structure, adequate training using sample data and then correct determination of the weights. According to the spot tests, prediction relative error hit rate of 90.38% within ± 10% or 96.15% within ± 15%.

ANALYSIS OF THE DIVERSIFIED AND THE HIGHLY SPECIALIZED ENTERPRISES’ FINANCIAL STABILITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1097-1105
Author(s):  
O.V. Karpets ◽  
◽  
A.A. Andreev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Future Strategy ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Selection Of

Today it is getting harder for companies all over the world to stay in the market, as doing business is associated with great risks. It is especially true for the young enterprises that have just set up or are at this stage. When a certain group of persons made a decision to begin and run a business, then one of the main questions that, as a rule, should arise first of all for them - what the company will do and according to what strategy it will carry out its main activities. It is easy to guess that the question of the future strategy of the enterprise is much more complicated for both new companies and existing ones, even though today there are many different development strategies for practically any enterprise, regardless of the size of its charter capital, scope of activity and other important factors. There are a great many development strategies, but most general are two - diversification and specialization. One strategy involves the concentration of production and the sale of one type of goods, while the other strategy is its absolute opposite, which involves the creation of several lines of goods that are in no way connected with each other, and the sale of these goods to different sales markets. The purpose of this article is to determine, basing on real data, which of the two strategies is most effective. Research objectives: determination of criteria for the selection of the necessary enterprises; compiling a list of enterprises and indicators of financial stability; analysis of the results obtained and the answer to the research question. After completing all the tasks and objectives of the study, it was concluded that those enterprises that use a diversification strategy are in a more stable financial position than enterprises that use a specialization strategy.

scholarly journals Influence of organic compound functionality on aerosol hygroscopicity: dicarboxylic acids, alkyl-substituents, sugars and amino acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 5583-5599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Marsh ◽  
Rachael E. H. Miles ◽  
Grazia Rovelli ◽  
Alexander G. Cowling ◽  
Lucy Nandy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Complex Organic ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Hygroscopicity data for 36 organic compounds, including amino acids, organic acids, alcohols and sugars, are determined using a comparative kinetics electrodynamic balance (CK-EDB). The CK-EDB applies an electric field to trap-charged aqueous droplets in a chamber with controlled temperature and relative humidity (RH). The dual micro dispenser set-up allows for sequential trapping of probe and sample droplets for accurate determination of droplet water activities from 0.45 to > 0.99. Here, we validate and benchmark the CK-EDB for the homologous series of straight-chain dicarboxylic acids (oxalic–pimelic) with measurements in better agreement with Universal Quasichemical Functional Group Activity Coefficients (UNIFAC) predictions than the original data used to parametrise UNIFAC. Furthermore, a series of increasingly complex organic compounds, with subtle changes to molecular structure and branching, are used to rigorously assess the accuracy of predictions by UNIFAC, which does not explicitly account for molecular structure. We show that the changes in hygroscopicity that result from increased branching and chain length are poorly represented by UNIFAC, with UNIFAC under-predicting hygroscopicity. Similarly, amino acid hygroscopicity is under-predicted by UNIFAC predictions, a consequence of the original data used in the parametrisation of the molecular subgroups. New hygroscopicity data are also reported for a selection of alcohols and sugars and they show variable levels of agreement with predictions.

Odor Abatement in Biotrickling Filters for Wastewater Treatment Plants in Petrochemical Industries: Determination of Main Components of VOCs and Assessment of REs

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 3172-3176
Author(s):  
Jian Zhai ◽  
Chun Hua Jiang ◽  
Jin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biotrickling Filter ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Key Parameter

A biotrickling filter has been set up in WWTP of Nanjing petrochemical factory for about 6 months. The purpose of this project was to assess the ability of the biotrickling filter to remove hardly biodegradable VOCs such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene which are recalcitrant and poorly water soluble and commonly found in petrochemical factories. PUF cubes (1 cm3) were used as the packing media treated with large amounts of circulating mineral salt medium added with bacterial species which came from secondary sedimentation tank of WWTP of Nanjing petrochemical industry. The controlled empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 90 s was a key parameter for reaching a removal efficiency of 91.7 %, 88.3 %, 70.7 % and 63.5 % for toluene, ethylbenzene, benzene and xylene, respectively. The analysis of the bacterial community in the BTF during VOC removal showed that Pseudomonas putida and Klebsiella sp. phylum were dominant microbes.

«COMPLЕXITY» AND «PERPLEXITY» – CATEGORIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF GOVERNANCE SYSTEMS

Vestnik NSUEM ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 48-66
Author(s):  
M. A. Alekseev ◽  
E. V. Freydina ◽  
S. V. Petukhova ◽  
A. A. Tropin
Keyword(s):  
Robust Control ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Scenario Planning ◽  
Governance System ◽  
System Equilibrium ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Selection Of

Addressing the issue of «complexity» and «perplexity» categories is caused by the evolution of system types ranging from well-organized to self-organizing, expanding the horizons of scientific rationality. Development of governance systems is revealed through the dichotomy of properties and restrictions within the «organizational set-up» and «external influence»  notions. It was shown that the governance system falls into the category of complexity because the system is operating on the edge of «order and chaos». External environment is presented as chaos analogue showing uncertainty and changes of various fluctuation category, up to turbulence. The incorporation of social and economic system into external environment was considered from the perspective of formation of «system convergence» of two open systems, contributing to growth of the degree of complexity of governance system. It was emphasized that business development forces  perplexity governance systems to switch to robust control; the mechanism of robust control is organized under the influence of the laws of evolution and survivability of biosystems. The following methods were marked out and justified: selection of parameters for system convergence of governance system with external environment entities, determination of limits of information granules of adaptive and robust homeostasis, scenario planning, construction of convergent strategy and temporal attractor of system equilibrium state, known as «floating equilibrium». These methods are to be mastered by the governance system within robust control. 

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