Learning to Let Go: Ownership, Rights, Fees, and Permissions of Readers’ Photographs

2021 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Daryl Green
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Reading Room ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cost Structures ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ownership Rights ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article explores the variance in attitudes towards user photography in UK libraries, archives, and museums. It examines the various interpretations of copyright and rights to reproduce images of items in the public domain deployed by cultural heritage institutions, the cost structures for user photography in the reading room, and the historic reasons for these decisions. Finally, this article explores the impact of the multiplicity of regulations on the researcher and the benefits of a clear and open approach to access and to the new research methods being employed by readers.

scholarly journals INEFISIENSI PENGADAAN TANAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN UMUM (Studi Kasus Pembangunan Waduk Jatigede di Kabupaten Sumedang)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
Idah Wahidah
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Institutional Commitment ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
The Public ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Impact

The construction of the Jatigede Dam for the public interest is imbalanced in its implementation. Based on the results of observations, researchers see a lot of problems that occur, including land acquisition issued a lot of regulations, implementation is quite long, and the costs incurred are quite large. The researcher uses E. Bardach's theory, to determine administrative operability (authority, institutional commitment, capability, organizational support) criteria, to find out the impact of policy researchers using the theory of Thomas R. Dye. Research methods and approaches are carried out with qualitative and quantitative research methods with a descriptive approach. The method of data collection is through observation, semistructured interviews and documentation. The informant selection technique uses purposive techniques and the validity of the data by data triangulation. The results of this study using the administrative operability criteria approach did not meet the criteria optimally

scholarly journals Disaster politics: Cyclone politicking and electioneering in the Kingdom of Tonga

Te Kaharoa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teena Brown Pulu
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Political Spectacle ◽  
The Public ◽  
Finance Minister ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Entering the new year of 2014 the Kingdom of Tonga had enough to worry about; a local economy choking to near death and a finance minister sacked and replaced in a political spectacle leaving the public baffled over what went wrong between him and the Prime Minister (Fayle, 2014; Lopeti, 2014c; Fonua, 2014b).  People uttered they looked forward to the end of year election tentatively set for Thursday November 27th.  The 2010 register of around forty thousand voters had increased at the 2014 intake by four thousand, mostly voters who had turned the age of suffrage at twenty one years old.  The chorus call from the masses was simple, vote them out.  Then Cyclone Ian struck on Saturday 11 January 2014 aggravating Tonga’s money shortage. Journalist Pesi Fonua wrote “the impact on the Tongan economy of the cyclone and the salary rise for civil servants at this point of time is a matter of great concern” (Fonua, 2014a).  He was right.  The state and taxpayers could not afford economic recovery from Tonga’s cruellest cyclone, a symptom of climate change, let alone paying for a 5% rise in the cost of living allowance for public servants.  As the national debt distress sore became inflamed the Public Service Association decided it was the right time to fight cabinet for a 22% living allowance rise because 5% was not enough (Lopeti, 2014a).  This essay asks a pointed question.  Leading up to the general election of November 2014, how was cyclone politicking being manoeuvred to sway the way people would vote?

scholarly journals Integrated Periodic Timetabling and Vehicle Circulation Scheduling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf N. Van Lieshout
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Valid Inequalities ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Public ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Periodic Timetabling ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Periodic timetabling is one of the most well-researched problems in the public transport optimization literature. However, the impact that timetabling has on the number of required vehicles, which directly translates to operator costs, is rarely considered. Therefore, in this paper, we consider the problem of jointly optimizing the timetable and the vehicle circulation schedule, which specifies the cyclic sequences of trips that vehicles perform. In order to obtain high-quality solutions to realistic instances, we improve an earlier proposed formulation by contraction techniques, three new valid inequalities, and symmetry-breaking constraints. Ultimately, this allows us to explore the trade-off between the number of vehicles and the attractiveness of the timetable from the passengers’ perspective. An extensive computational study demonstrates the effectiveness of the improved formulation. Moreover, using this approach, we are able to find timetables requiring substantially fewer vehicles at the cost of minimal increases of the average travel time of passengers.

Blockchain Technology Changing Traditional Methods of Applied Research in Bioinformatics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1813-1822
Author(s):  
Natalia Rasskazova ◽  
Liudmila Ratushnaia
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Cost

It is evident that traditional research methods are going to change. The research should be based on the possibility of quick access to information, interactivity and interaction of participants in search for information, elimination of temporal and spatial obstacles. Everything mentioned above requires the use of new research technologies, including blockchain technology. This technology allows solving the problems of collection and systematization of scientific data, access to it within the framework of project operation and implementation at any organization, and joint efforts of various structures. Data saved in blocks and stored on different servers can be accessed by different users. It reduces the cost of coordinating the actions of different users who want to obtain certain information. This article explores how blockchain technology is changing traditional methods of applied research in bioinformatics.

scholarly journals The Effects of Alliance Strategies on the Cost Efficiency of Saudi Commercial Banks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Hassan K. Almahdi
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The Objective of this study is to determine the influence of strategic alliances on the cost efficiency of Saudi banks. For this, we first develop a theoretical framework paving the way for an empirical study that refers to a sample of 09 Saudi banks adopted to verify this relationship. It is therefore, necessary to list the interests of strategic alliances in the banking sector and to question the role of public and foreign as wellas public and private alliance strategies in improving the cost efficiency of Saudi commercial banks.A quantitative approach has been adopted to explore and understand the research problem. We begin by regressing the ordinary least squares efficiency on a series of explanatory variables. The conceptual research model is tested by two different regression equations that will be estimated simultaneously. The first regression, aims to test the impact of the public-foreign alliance on the efficiency of the banks in our sample. As for the second regression, it is carried out to test the impact of the public-private alliance on the latter.The results of this study prove that the creation of an alliance agreement allows Saudi commercial banks to improve their efficiency and constitute for them an opportunity besides an interesting strategic option. Forthermore, public-private and public-foreign alliances are strategies that can improve the efficiency of public banks, increase their competitiveness and reduce their fragility.

Culture and social identity in preserving cultural heritage: an experimental study

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1078-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kean Siang Chng ◽  
Suresh Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Dilemma ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Due to the non-rivalrous and non-excludable characteristics of properties classified as being part of the cultural heritage of a city, owners of these properties face a lower incentive to maintain them. Many studies have advocated the participation of the local community in the maintenance of such “public” properties because community demands and tastes are better reflected through direct participation than through government intervention. One of the main factors that may determine whether or not such participation would be forthcoming is whether the community identifies with elements that the cultural heritage building represents. The purpose of this paper is to examine the cultural effects of the Chinese community with regard to the preservation of the heritage buildings that reflect the community’s early presence in George Town, Penang. Design/methodology/approach An experimental method was used to invoke feelings of social identity through historical and cultural photos about these buildings associated with the community. The authors attempted to create an emotional attachment to the cultural and historical values in a laboratory. Findings The authors found that information increased the participants’ positive feelings toward their historical and cultural backgrounds. This positive emotion might explain why the subjects appeared more willing to contribute to the public pool to maintain these buildings. The findings suggest that the incorporating cultural and historical information about heritage buildings may encourage more pro-social behaviors. Social implications Although community participation and discussions can help to align the conservation objectives of diverse stakeholders, the divergence between individual and collective interests may cause individuals to shirk from their commitment, given the public nature of the goods. Therefore, investigating whether a factor that aligns diverse interests or the nature of the game can influence behavior is important to the development of strategies used in the provision of public good. Originality/value Although the impact of social identity on social dilemma has been widely studied, the empirical proof and its application to preservation of cultural heritage has not been studied. As far as the authors know, this is the first paper that experimentally proves the importance of social identity and its role in provision of social goods.

scholarly journals Curating in the Open: A Case for Iteratively and Openly Publishing Curatorial Research on the Web

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Owens
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
History Of Astronomy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Open Notebook Science ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Methods

Through a case study of using social media tools to open up part of the curatorial research process for an online exhibit on the history of astronomy at the Library of Congress, I offer some initial ideas about how an open approach to sharing curatorial research could significantly expand the impact and reach of such work. Drawing on three distinct emerging conceptions and frameworks for the idea of “open” (open notebook science, linked open data, and open innovation) I suggest how this case study can be used to guide work with existing simple and inexpensive tools and how it could also inform the development of future tools, services and exhibit development methods. This work builds on an ongoing discussion of open data in libraries, archives, and museums. To date, most of that dialog is about object records and not about the stories and narratives cultural heritage institutions tell about them. I suggest ways to make the production of cultural heritage data, as well as the final outputs, part of an open and transparent process.

scholarly journals Exploitation by cheaters facilitates the preservation of essential public goods in microbial communities

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Moreno-Fenoll ◽  
Matteo Cavaliere ◽  
Esteban Martinez-Garcia ◽  
Juan F Poyatos
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common Resource ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spontaneous Mutants

How are public goods maintained in bacterial cooperative populations? The presence of these compounds is usually threatened by the rise of cheaters that do not contribute but just exploit the common resource. Minimizing cheater invasions appears then as a necessary maintenance mechanism. However, that invasions can instead add to the persistence of cooperation is a prospect that has yet remained largely unexplored. Here, we show that the detrimental consequences of cheaters can actually preserve public goods, at the cost of recurrent collapses and revivals of the population. The result is made possible by the interplay between spatial constraints and the essentiality of the shared resource. We validate this counter-intuitive effect by carefully combining theory and experiment, with the engineering of an explicit synthetic community in which the public compound allows survival to a bactericidal stress. Notably, the characterization of the experimental system identifies additional factors that can matter, like the impact of the lag phase on the tolerance to stress, or the appearance of spontaneous mutants. Our work emphasizes the unanticipated consequences of the eco-evolutionary feedbacks that emerge in microbial communities relying on essential public goods to function, feedbacks that reveal fundamental for the adaptive change of ecosystems at all scales.

scholarly journals Maintaining confidence in the reporting of scientific outputs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarvenaz Sarabipour ◽  
Erin M Wissink ◽  
Steven J Burgess ◽  
Zach Hensel ◽  
Humberto Debat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Ethical Principle ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scientific Outputs ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

The timely and accurate dissemination of scientific discoveries is of utmost importance so that scientific knowledge can be advanced and applied to benefit the public. Scientists communicate amongst themselves at conferences, via journal articles, and, increasingly in the life sciences, in preprint manuscripts which have not been subject to peer review. Journalists translate new research into a language the public can understand, relying on both work presented in scientific forums and interviews with experts. Critically, scientists and journalists both share the ethical principle that publications should be rigorously sourced and fact-checked, with errors subject to publicized corrections. Here we respond to concerns raised about the impact of reporting on results that have not passed through peer review, calling for improved dialogue between scientists and journalists to maintain public trust in research and arguing that imposing limits is against the public interest.

Draft UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural I Heritage 1998

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-206
Author(s):  
Nicholas Gaskell ◽  
Sarah Dromgoole
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Underwater Cultural Heritage ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Draft Convention ◽  
Unesco Convention ◽  
Ownership Rights ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article considers certain issues relating to the draft UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage 1998. It is not intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of the draft, which is still only a working document, but the aim is (1) to give a very general introduction to the draft Convention; (2) to consider the relationship between the draft Convention and the UN Law of the Sea Convention 1982; (3) to assess the impact that the draft Convention would have on ownership rights in wrecks; (4) to examine whether the draft Convention should exclude warships and other State vessels from its scope; and (5) to analyse the relationship between the draft Convention and the law of salvage.

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