scholarly journals Extended low temperature and cryostorage longevity of Salix seeds with desiccation control

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ja Jung Ku ◽  
Sim Hee Han ◽  
Du Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Economical Alternative ◽  
Seed Water Content

AbstractSalix xerophila, S. maximowiczii, and S. koreensis are species of willow native to Korea that are important for bioenergy production. However, the native range of these species has narrowed in recent years due to the impact of climate change. Seeds of these Salix species lose viability within 4 weeks at ambient temperature, and within 4 months at -4°C. Preservation techniques are urgently needed to protect these valuable resources. The effects of seed water content (SWC; 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 18%, and 24%) and temperature (ambient, 4°C, -18°C, -80°C, and -196°C) on storage stability were investigated for up to 48, 52, or 60 months, depending on species. Optimal storage temperature and SWC varied between species. S. xerophila seed could be stored without deterioration for 60 months with 9% SWC at -80°C, but rapidly lost viability when stored at -18°C. In S. maximowiczii and S. koreensis, 100% and 90% of normal germination, respectively, was maintained with 18% SWC at -18°C or -80°C. Thus, for some Salix species, storage at -18 and -80°C may provide an economical alternative to cryopreservation or medium-term storage for the maintenance of seedbanks or breeding stocks.

scholarly journals The impact of uncertainties on the UK's medium-term climate change targets

Energy Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 685-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Watson ◽  
Rob Gross ◽  
Ioanna Ketsopoulou ◽  
Mark Winskel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of extreme climate change on the fluctuation of electricity energy demand——Evidence from China's prefecture-level cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Yudong Tan ◽  
Tong Jiang ◽  
Hao Xiao ◽  
Jingyi Tang ◽  
Zhen Jia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Extreme High Temperature ◽  
Residential Electricity ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Climate change directly make the demand for electricity diversified and uncertain, which increase the risk of power grid operation. This paper attempts to explore the impact of extreme climate change on the fluctuation of China's electricity energy demand from the perspective of climate change. Based on the panel data of 90 prefecture-level cities in China from 1989 to 2017, the author builds an econometric model to test the impact of extreme low temperature and extreme high temperature on electricity demand. The results show that the occurrence of extreme high temperature weather has a positive effect on residential electricity demand while the emergence of extreme low temperature weather has a negative effect.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Analysis of Variance of Storage Stability of Asphalt Binder Modified by Nanotitanium Dioxide

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Zou ◽  
Aimin Sha ◽  
Biao Ding ◽  
Yuqiao Tan ◽  
Xiaonan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Nanoparticle Content ◽  
The Impact

To investigate the effects of nanoparticle content, storage time, and storage temperature on the storage stability of asphalt binders modified by nanoparticles, hot tube storage tests, softening point tests, and dynamic-shearing rheometer (DSR) tests were adopted to evaluate the properties of two kinds of nanotitanium dioxide (TiO2) modified asphalt binders. A statistical one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was employed to analyze the effects of those variations on the storage stability of the nano-TiO2 modified asphalt binders. The results indicated that the softening point, the failure temperature, the dynamic-shear viscosity, and G⁎/sinδ of the binders increased with nanoparticle content. The storage stability of the binders decreased with nanoparticle content. The impact of storage time on the storage stability of the binders was remarkable when the storage time was more than 48 h. Moreover, the storage stability of the binders at low temperatures was better than that at high temperatures. Based on the one-way ANOVA, the size of nanoparticle had little influence on the storage stability of the nano-TiO2 modified asphalt binders in this study. Reducing the nanoparticle size cannot effectively enhance the storage stability of the nanoparticle modified asphalt binder due to the agglomeration of nanoparticle.

scholarly journals Do climate envelope models transfer? A manipulative test using dung beetle introductions

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1661) ◽  
pp. 1449-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P Duncan ◽  
Phillip Cassey ◽  
Tim M Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Introduced Range ◽  
Climate Envelope ◽  
The Impact

Climate envelope models (CEMs) are widely used to forecast future shifts in species ranges under climate change, but these models are rarely validated against independent data, and their fundamental assumption that climate limits species distributions is rarely tested. Here, we use the data on the introduction of five South African dung beetle species to Australia to test whether CEMs developed in the native range can predict distribution in the introduced range, where the confounding effects of dispersal limitation, resource limitation and the impact of natural enemies have been removed, leaving climate as the dominant constraint. For two of the five species, models developed in the native range predict distribution in the introduced range about as well as models developed in the introduced range where we know climate limits distribution. For the remaining three species, models developed in the native range perform poorly, implying that non-climatic factors limit the native distribution of these species and need to be accounted for in species distribution models. Quantifying relevant non-climatic factors and their likely interactions with climatic variables for forecasting range shifts under climate change remains a challenging task.

scholarly journals Long-term storage of feces at −80 °C versus −20 °C is negligible for 16S rRNA amplicon profiling of the equine bacterial microbiome

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10837
Author(s):  
Stefan Gavriliuc ◽  
Mason R. Stothart ◽  
Astrid Henry ◽  
Jocelyn Poissant
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Sequence Variant ◽  
Horse Population ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Storage

The development of next-generation sequencing technologies has spurred a surge of research on bacterial microbiome diversity and function. But despite the rapid growth of the field, many uncertainties remain regarding the impact of differing methodologies on downstream results. Sample storage temperature is conventionally thought to be among the most important factors for ensuring reproducibility across marker gene studies, but to date much of the research on this topic has focused on short-term storage in the context of clinical applications. Consequently, it has remained unclear if storage at −80 °C, widely viewed as the gold standard for long-term archival of feces, is truly required for maintaining sample integrity in amplicon-based studies. A better understanding of the impacts of long-term storage conditions is important given the substantial cost and limited availability of ultra-low temperature freezers. To this end, we compared bacterial microbiome profiles inferred from 16S V3–V4 amplicon sequencing for paired fecal samples obtained from a feral horse population from Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, stored at either −80 °C or −20 °C for 4 years. We found that storage temperature did not significantly affect alpha diversity measures, including amplicon sequence variant (ASV) richness and evenness, and abundance of rare sequence variants, nor presence/absence, relative abundances and phylogenetic diversity weighted measures of beta diversity. These results indicate that storage of equine feces at −20 °C for periods ranging from a few months to a few years is equivalent to storage at −80 °C for amplicon-based microbiome studies, adding to accumulating evidence indicating that standard domestic freezers are both economical and effective for microbiome research.

scholarly journals The Potential of Using Chitosan on Cereal Crops in the Face of Climate Change

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1160
Author(s):  
Joanna Kocięcka ◽  
Daniel Liberacki
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

This review presents the main findings from measurements carried out on cereals using chitosan, its derivatives, and nanoparticles. Research into the use of chitosan in agriculture is growing in popularity. Since 2000, 188 original scientific articles indexed in Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases have been published on this topic. These have focused mainly on wheat (34.3%), maize (26.3%), and rice (24.2%). It was shown that research on other cereals such as millets and sorghum is scarce and should be expanded to better understand the impact of chitosan use. This review demonstrates that this chitosan is highly effective against the most dangerous diseases and pathogens for cereals. Furthermore, it also contributes to improving yield and chlorophyll content, as well as some plant growth parameters. Additionally, it induces excellent resistance to drought, salt, and low temperature stress and reduces their negative impact on cereals. However, further studies are needed to demonstrate the full field efficacy of chitosan.

'Planning Economic Integration7, by L.B.M. Mennes, Rotterdam University Press, 1973.

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
G. M. Radhul
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
Partici Pant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Integration Area

The book under review deals with economic integration among deve¬loping countries from the point of view of planning. The author believes that it is useful to approach economic integration from a planning point of view and to develop planning models for it, because the theory of economic integration relevant for developing countries should be directed towards the impact of integration on future investments and future production. The type of models used in the book are the multisector linear programming models and the method of analysis is essentially a comparison of two situations; one with economic integration and the other without. For each prospective partici¬pant a medium term planning model is drawn up taking account of its economic situation in some base year. The results of these single country planning models are analysed and compared to those of a similar planning model for the integration area as a whole. The consequences of the integration policy are then evaluated.

HOW CLIMATE CHANGE CAN INFLUENCE THE AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maidanovych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this work is to review and analyze the main results of modern research on the impact of climate change on the agro-sphere of Ukraine. Results. Analysis of research has shown that the effects of climate change on the agro-sphere are already being felt today and will continue in the future. The observed climate changes in recent decades have already significantly affected the shift in the northern direction of all agro-climatic zones of Europe, including Ukraine. From the point of view of productivity of the agro-sphere of Ukraine, climate change will have both positive and negative consequences. The positives include: improving the conditions of formation and reducing the harvesting time of crop yields; the possibility of effective introduction of late varieties (hybrids), which require more thermal resources; improving the conditions for overwintering crops; increase the efficiency of fertilizer application. Model estimates of the impact of climate change on wheat yields in Ukraine mainly indicate the positive effects of global warming on yields in the medium term, but with an increase in the average annual temperature by 2 ° C above normal, grain yields are expected to decrease. The negative consequences of the impact of climate change on the agrosphere include: increased drought during the growing season; acceleration of humus decomposition in soils; deterioration of soil moisture in the southern regions; deterioration of grain quality and failure to ensure full vernalization of grain; increase in the number of pests, the spread of pathogens of plants and weeds due to favorable conditions for their overwintering; increase in wind and water erosion of the soil caused by an increase in droughts and extreme rainfall; increasing risks of freezing of winter crops due to lack of stable snow cover. Conclusions. Resource-saving agricultural technologies are of particular importance in the context of climate change. They include technologies such as no-till, strip-till, ridge-till, which make it possible to partially store and accumulate mulch on the soil surface, reduce the speed of the surface layer of air and contribute to better preservation of moisture accumulated during the autumn-winter period. And in determining the most effective ways and mechanisms to reduce weather risks for Ukrainian farmers, it is necessary to take into account the world practice of climate-smart technologies.

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