Pollen morphology and the flower visitors of Chaerophyllum coloratum L. (Apiaceae)

Abstract The pollen features of Chaerophyllum coloratum L., endemic to the Dinaric Alps, have been examined by both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in order to contribute to a better understanding of the taxonomic status of the species. Flower visitors have also been observed and analyzed with the aim of clarifying certain pollination aspects of the species including flower attractiveness especially to honeybees, and also in order to ascertain its contribution to the bee pasture. The pollen grains of C. coloratum are isopolar, radially symmetrical and medium sized. Polar axis (P) is 26.83±1.77 μm length, and equatorial diameter (E) is 9.17±0.57 μm length. P/E ratio amounts 2.90±0.10 indicating a perprolate shape. In an equatorial view, the grains are constricted in the equatorial region (bone-shaped), with obtuse polar caps. In polar view, they are triangular with obtuse angles and furrows in the sides of the triangle (interangular). The grains are tricolporate with three straight ectocolpi arranged regularly meridionally, of mean length 14.43±2.17 μm, each of which has one endopore. The characteristic internal thickenings around the protruding, clearly visible endopores (costae) in the constricted equatorial region are obvious in light microscopy. The ornamentation is psilate, irregularly rugulate (“cerebroid”), the exine surface is rather undulating. With regard to the observed flower visitors, the following pollination types occurred: melittophily, myophily, sapromyophily, cantharophily, and phalaenophily, and the most frequent pollinator was the honeybee.

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Pollen morphology of the Balkan-Carpathian endemic Campanula lingulata Waldst. & Kit. (Campanulaceae)

Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke ◽

10.2298/zmspn1630075m ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 75-82

Author(s):

Marina Macukanovic-Jocic ◽

Snezana Jaric

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Pollen Morphology ◽

Average Length ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar Axis ◽

First Time ◽

Scanning Electron

Palynomorphological characteristics of Campanula lingulata, the Balkan-Carpathian endemic species growing in Serbia, have been investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy for the first time, in order to provide some information helpful for a better understanding of the taxonomic position of this species within the genus, as well as to contribute to the pollen atlas of Serbian apiflora. The pollen grains are radially symmetrical, isopolar, 3-zonoporate and medium-sized monads oblate-sphaeroidal in shape. Mean of the polar axis (P) is 27.6?1.9 ?m, while the average length of the equatorial axis (E) is 28.8?1.6 ?m. The apertures are operculate. The sculpturing pattern of the exine is microre?ticulate-microechinatae. The exine surface is covered with evenly distributed supratectal spinules of variable length and sparse granules. The longest supratectal spinules are 0.64?0.05 ?m in length and the smallest sculptural elements are less than 0.2 ?m high. The microechinae density per sample area of 5 ?m x 5 ?m averages 17.4?2.4.

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Pollen morphology in selected species of Caricaceae with special reference to novel palynological characters

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2017-0125 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Lucía Melisa Zini ◽

Constanza Soledad Carrera ◽

Elsa Clorinda Lattar ◽

María Silvia Ferrucci

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Grain Morphology ◽

Polar View ◽

Area Index ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Polar Index ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

Polar Diameter ◽

Taxonomic Groups

The pollen grain morphology of Jacaratia corumbensis Kuntze, J. spinosa (Aubl.) A.DC., Vasconcellea quercifolia A. St.-Hil., and Carica papaya L. from Argentine samples were examined for the first time, using light and scanning electron microscopes. Observations and measurements were performed on acetolyzed pollen grains. Principal-components analysis was performed for quantitative morphological variables. Pollen grains were tri-colporate with lalongate endoaperture, oblate spheroidal to prolate, medium, exine bireticulate or reticulate, with a granulate lumina. A fastigium was present. Novel palynological data in this study for species identification revealed the presence of margo in C. papaya and variations in endoaperture shapes in all the species. The endoaperture ends often were H-shaped or horn-shaped. A biplot showed clear separation of the four taxa based on the palynological traits. Vasconcellea quercifolia was strongly correlated with equatorial diameter, equatorial diameter in polar view, exine thickness, and polar diameter, whereas J. corumbensis and J. spinosa were positively correlated with polar index and polar area index, respectively. The distance between two colpi allowed the discrimination of C. papaya. We confirmed the homogenous nature for most of the qualitative palynological characters in Caricaceae, and demonstrated that pollen morphology in combination with statistical analyses is a reliable tool for delimiting taxonomic groups.

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Pollen morphology of Myrtaceae visited by social bees

Plant Science Today ◽

10.14719/pst.2019.6.2.475 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 98-105

Author(s):

Andreia Santos do Nascimento ◽

Carlos Alfredo Lopes de Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar View ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Medium Size ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Pollen Spectrum ◽

Social Bees ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Polar Diameter

This study aimed to characterize species of Myrtaceae belonging to genera already identified in the pollen spectrum of beehive products of social bees, describing pollen grains morphology and correlating with taxonomic differences the species reported in the literature. For each plant species, measurements were made with 25 pollen grains in equatorial view and the polar diameter (PD) and equatorial diameter (ED) were measured. The exine thickness was obtained by measuring 10 pollen grains in polar view at the medium height of mesocolpium. The description of pollen morphology showed that pollen grains of the species are triangular amb, 3-colporates, psilate surface, small to medium size and oblate shape with the P/E ratio ranging from 0.52 to 0.72 µm. The morphological description of Myrtaceae species showed similarity between several characteristics common to pollen grains of this species. The description also allowed separation of nine species studied by size and specific morphological characters with the identification key, which can also be used to study the pollen spectrum of hive products.

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Pollen morphology of Carapa species (Meliaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201505964 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 333-336

Author(s):

Alexsandro ZIDKO ◽

Luiz Antônio RODRIGUES ◽

Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira MENDONÇA ◽

Maria Lucia ABSY ◽

Marcos Gonçalves FERREIRA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar View ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

The Other ◽

Carapa Guianensis ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Taxonomic Implications ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract The crabwood (Carapa) represents an important source of natural resources. The objective of this work was to study the pollen morphology of the three species of Carapa (Meliaceae) registered in the Brazilian Amazon. The pollen grains were obtained from floral buds, pistillate and staminate flowers of Carapa guianensis, C. surinamensis and C. vasquezii. In order to explore the taxonomic implications of the pollen study for these species of Carapa, lactic acetolysis method was used for light microscopy study. Furthermore, the non-acetolyzed material was used in the study of the scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the three Carapa species present little variations in pollen morphology. Compared to the other species this study, Carapa vasquezii has higher values for the length and width of endoaperture; however, it has lower values for polar and equatorial diameter, equatorial diameter in polar view and apocolpium side.

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Pollen morphology of Malvaceae genera from Saudi Arabia and its taxonomic significance

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.21.15.05.p3129 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 725-742

Author(s):

Kadry Abdel khalik ◽

Suad Al- Ruzayza ◽

Abdullah Assiri ◽

Ahmed Elkordy

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar Axis ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Average Height ◽

Prolate Spheroidal ◽

Oblate Spheroidal ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Pollen Shape

Pollen morphology of 20 species belong to seven genera (Abutilon, Althaea, Hibiscus, Malva, Pavonia, Senra and Sida) of Malvaceae from Saudi Arabia were studied by using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Quantitative and qualitative pollen morphological characters which vary among investigated taxa are found in the pollen polarity, symmetry, size, shape, polar axis, equatorial diameter, P/E ratio, average height and width of spine, aperature character and spine index. The pollen grains vary from spheroidal, prolate spheroidal, oblate spheroidal to suboblate. All taxa were characterized by relatively large to medium sized pollen grains, numerous pores scattered irregularly all over the grain, and echinate sculpturing. Sida ovata is the largest size pollen grain (138.95) µm. On the other hand, Malva parviflora showed the smallest pollen size (52.28 µm). The average height and width of spine varied greatly among studied taxa. The highest spines (20.65µm) found in Sida ovata, while the shortest (3.19 µm) was found in Abutilon pannosum. Results of the pollen shape, size, and exine sculpture characters offered useful data for evaluating the taxonomy of Malvaceae both on subgeneric and sectional levels. A key for the identification of the investigated taxa based on pollen grains characters is also provided

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Investigation on the pollen morphology of traditional cultivars of Prunus species in Sicily

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2012.017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 175-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Anna Geraci ◽

Vincenza Polizzano ◽

Pasquale Marino ◽

Rosario Schicchi

Keyword(s):

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar View ◽

Polar Axis ◽

Prunus Species ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

North East ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Exine Sculpturing ◽

Traditional Cultivars ◽

Grain Surface

In this study pollen grains of 13 cultivars and 3 rootstocks belonging to 5 species (P. armeniaca, P. domestica, P. dulcis, P. persica, P. avium) of the genus Prunus collected from North-East Sicily were examined for the micromorphological characterization through the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The length of polar axis (P) and the equatorial diameter (E) of grain, P/E ratio, the length of colpi (C), diameter of perforations (DP) and the number of perforations in 25 μm2 (PN), the width of muri (WM), the distance between muri (DM) and their number in 25 μm2 (MN), the width of grooves (WG) were measured and their variation was compared among studied taxa. Moreover multivariate statistical analysis was carried out to distinguish morphometric information from measured parameters. All pollen grains are trizonocolpate, isopolar, medium-large sized and their shape varies from prolate to perprolate. Regarding outline pollen grains are subtriangular in polar view and elliptic in equatorial view. Exine sculpturing is striate with perforations on grain surface. The arrangement of ridges appears roughly parallel but too sloped (sometimes curved) compared to polar axis, or branched and oriented in different directions, or perfectly parallel or more irregular with bifurcated ridges often sinuous. The analyses showed a great variability (particularly in P. domestica cultivars) related in some cases to the diversity in the morphological features of the leaves and the fruits of the investigated entities.

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Pollen Morphology of Herbaceous Peonies with Different Ploidy Levels

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.141.3.275 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 141 (3) ◽

pp. 275-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lihong Hao ◽

Hui Ma ◽

Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽

XiaoNan Yu

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar View ◽

Polar Axis ◽

Hybrid Breeding ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Herbaceous Peony ◽

Group I ◽

Surface Ornamentation ◽

Axis Length

The pollen morphology of 26 cultivars of herbaceous peony (Paeonia L.) was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pollen grains of the cultivars were mostly subprolate to perprolate, tricolporate, or ellipsoidal in equatorial view, but rounded-trifid in polar view. The poles of pollen grains were mainly flat when viewed in cross-section and only a few appeared to have a circular or arc shape. In addition, the surface of the pollen grains was psilate, and the muri were partly or fully protuberant with a reticulate surface sculpture. However, the shapes and sizes of pollen grains as well as surface ornamentation varied significantly among cultivars with different chromosome numbers. The pollen grains from diploid cultivars were regular and full, and the reticulation holes were evenly distributed, while most of the pollen grains from triploid cultivars were empty flat shells with some heteromorphic pollen whose surface ornamentation was mostly rugulate-reticulate exine. The pollen grains from tetraploid cultivars were the largest although pollen morphology and surface ornamentation differed between Athena and Cream Delight. Six indices [polar axis length (P), equator axis length (E), P/E, pollen perforation diameter (D), ridge width (W), and D/W] were used in Q cluster analysis, which divided the 26 cultivars into three groups. Group I included eight diploid, four triploid, and one tetraploid cultivar. Group II included 12 triploid cultivars with complex genetic backgrounds. Group III included only one tetraploid cultivar Cream Delight. This work may provide an important palynological basis for studying taxonomy and hybrid breeding of herbaceous peony cultivars.

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Systematic relevance of pollen morphology in tribe Hylocereeae (Cactaceae)

PhytoKeys ◽

10.3897/phytokeys.128.35842 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 128 ◽

pp. 121-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Catalina Ruiz-Domínguez ◽

Andrew P. Vovides ◽

Victoria Sosa

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar View ◽

Pollen Grain ◽

Area Index ◽

Oblate Spheroidal ◽

Representative Species ◽

Pollen Characters ◽

Polar Area

Hylocereeae is one of the nine tribes in the subfamily Cactoideae (Cactaceae), for which the limits and recognition of genera have been controversial. Essentially, this group comprises epiphytic and hemiepiphytic genera with stems modified as climbing structures. The aim of this paper is to examine pollen attributes in representative species of genera of Hylocereeae, focusing on Selenicereus whose current circumscription comprises Hylocereus and three Weberocereus species, to find whether significant potentially apomorphic and/or autapomorphic systematic characters can be discovered. Utilizing SEM and light microscopy, 25 pollen characters were observed and measured. Tribe Hylocereeae is stenopalynous, with pollen grains isopolar and radially symmetrical monads, mostly tricolpate, except in Kimnachia, Pseudoripsalis and Weberocereus, whose pollen grains are pantocolpate. Seven attributes (five qualitative and two continuous) exhibited useful variation and were coded. The character of brevicolpate pollen grains was shared by Kimnachia ramulosa and Pseudorhipsalis amazonica. Convex quadrangular outline in the polar view was shared by Weberocereus tunilla and S. glaber. The absence of spinules on the exine was shared by S. minutiflorus and S. stenopterus. The largest pollen grain, found in Selenicereus megalanthus, might be correlated with polyploidy. Selenicereus is the taxon with the highest variation in pollen attributes, including species with an exine with or without spinules and variable polar area index and shape (subprolate or oblate-spheroidal).

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Pollen morphology and variability of Polish native species from genus Salix L.

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243993 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0243993

Author(s):

Irmina Maciejewska-Rutkowska ◽

Jan Bocianowski ◽

Dorota Wrońska-Pilarek

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar Axis ◽

High Variability ◽

Interspecific Variability ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Exine Ornamentation ◽

Lower Variability ◽

Biometric Features

The pollen morphology was studied of 24 Salix species native to Poland, which represented two subgenera, 17 sections and five subsections occurring in Poland. The aim of this study was to discover the taxonomical usefulness of the pollen features under analysis, and to investigate the ranges of their interspecific variability. In total, 720 pollen grains were studied. They were analysed with respect to seven quantitative features (length of the polar axis ˗ P, equatorial diameter ˗ E, length of the ectoaperture ˗ Le, exine thickness ˗ Ex, and P/E, Ex/P and Le/P ratios) and the following qualitative ones: pollen outline and exine ornamentation. The most important features were exine ornamentation (muri, lumina and margo) characters. The pollen features should be treated as auxiliary because they allowed to distinguish eight individual Salix species, and five groups of species. Statistical analysis of the studied traits indicated a high variability among the tested species. The most variable biometric features were P, E and Le, while lower variability occurred in P/E, Le/P and d/E.

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Palynological observations on the genus Gundelia L. (Asteraceae) growing in Turkey

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.502.1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 502 (1) ◽

pp. 51-66

Author(s):

MEHMET FIRAT ◽

SELAMI SELVİ

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Principal Component ◽

Polar Axis ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Group Method ◽

Pair Group ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Polar Diameter ◽

And Cluster Analysis

The pollen morphology of 17 taxa of Gundelia, of which 13 taxa are endemic to Turkey, was investigated by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study, the pollen morphology of 16 taxa except G. tournefortii was investigated for the first time. The quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate statistics. The pollen grains are oblate spheroidal and prolate spheroidal in shape with the polar diameter of 37.01–61.2 μm and the equatorial diameter of 31.2–63.4 μm. The smallest pollen grains were observed in G. anatolica, G. rosea and G. tournefortii, while the largest pollen grains were observed in G. vitekii, G. komagenensis and G. colemerikensis. Pollen ornamentation is echinate in LM and echinate-microperforate in SEM. Statistically, the relationships between pollen characters of the examined taxa were identified using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Clustering Analyzis. In addition, a dendrogram was constructed by applying UPGMA based on the determined 15 pollen morphological characters, and the degree of their relationship was discussed. Polar axis, equatorial diameter and colpus length were the major explanations of the pollen morphological characters’ total variation in PCA. Pair group method was used to divide the main pollen taxa into three groups based on the pollen morphology by using arithmetic averages analysis (PCA scatterplot and cluster analysis). As a result, the pollen shape, polar axis, equatorial diameter and spine length were important characters distingushing the taxa from each other. We found some matches and mismatches between pollen and morphological characters, whose significance requires further study.

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