α-Tocopherol as an antiretroviral therapy supplement for HIV-1-infected patients for increased lymphocyte viability

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Odilon de Souza Júnior ◽  
Arício Treitinger ◽  
Giovana Lotici Baggio ◽  
Cleonice Michelon ◽  
Júlio Cesar Verdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Cellular Viability ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe aim of our study was to evaluate the benefits of supplementation with 800mg/day of α-tocopherol with regard to cellular viability in HIV-1 seropositive patients undergoing anti-retroviral therapy. A total of 29 patients participated in the study, of whom 14 were given the supplement and 15 a placebo. The analyses were carried out before treatment commenced and after 60, 120 and 180days. The plasma levels ofHIV-1 RNA showed a significant decrease as a consequence of treatment time in the groups studied (p=0.0001), although the difference between the treatments over time was not verified (p=0.7343). The percentage of viable lymphocytes showed a significant increase as a consequence of treatment time in both groups studied (p=0.0002) and a significant difference between the treatments over time (p=0.0472). The percentage of lymphocytes in apoptosis showed a significant reduction over time (p=0.0003), as well as a significant difference between the treatments over time (p=0.0321). The significant increase in cellular viability indicates that supplementation with α-tocopherol offers an additional positive effect on cellular preservation in HIV-1 individuals undergoing anti-retroviral therapy; however, it represents an additional risk of anti-retroviral therapeutic failure, possibly due to drug-drug interaction involving up-regulation of metabolic clearance.

P-Removal in Completely Mixed Systems

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 325-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
H J. G. W. Donker ◽  
P. Opic ◽  
H. P. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Mixed System ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Recirculation Flow ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aerobic Reactor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Mixed Systems ◽  
P Removal

Ca. 60 % of the Dutch activated sludge plants consist of completely mixed systems, experiments have been carried out in completely mixed pilot plants to study the biological P-removal. The research was carried out in two pilot plants. The pilot plants consisted of: anaerobic reactor, anoxic reactor, aerobic reactor and a clarifier. All the reactors were completely mixed. Both plants were fed with settled domestic waste water at a sludge loading of 400 and 250 g COD/kg sludge.day respectively. The results are given below:sludge loading (g COD/kg sludge.day)400400250ratio Anaerobic : Anoxic : Aerobic1: 1:2,71:1:4,11:1:2,7P-removal (%)802875N-removal (%)505065COD-removal (%)858585 It has been shown that there is no significant difference between the results at the two different sludge loadings. Remarkable is the difference between the ratio 1:1:2,7 in combination with the internal recirculation flow anoxic-anaerobic of 160 % and the ratio 1:1:4,1 with a recirculation flow of 30 %. During the start-up at a sludge loading of 250 g COD/kg sludge.day and an internal recirculation flow of 30 %, bulking sludge developed almost immediately. The Premoval was completely disturbed. Increasing the internal recirculation flow to 160% had a positive effect on settling properties and P-removal. This investigation has pointed out that a completely mixed system is suitable for biological P-removal, without negatively affecting the nitrification. Important factors in the process are the ratio anaerobic:anoxic:aerobic and the recirculation flows.

Accurate Gleason Grading of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma in Prostate Needle Biopsies by General Pathologists

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (8) ◽  
pp. 1007-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Renshaw ◽  
Delray Schultz ◽  
Kerri Cote ◽  
Marian Loffredo ◽  
David E. Ziemba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gleason Score ◽  
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Gleason Grading ◽  
Prostate Biopsies ◽  
Tumor Focus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Context.—Gleason grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma in core needle biopsies is important for predicting prognosis and selecting appropriate therapy. Previous studies have shown that Gleason scores assigned by general pathologists have a low correlation with those assigned by urologic pathologists, and that general pathologists tend to undergrade prostate carcinoma. Objective.—To determine if the performance of general pathologists grading prostate needle biopsies has changed over time. Design.—Four hundred sixteen prostate biopsies from men treated at a single community-based institution between 1987 and 2000 were reviewed by one urologic pathologist (A.A.R.). The correlation between the original Gleason score and the reviewer's score was determined over time. Results.—Cases were divided into those performed and originally interpreted in the first half of the study (1987–1996) and those performed and originally interpreted in the second half (1996–2000). Overall concordance for exact Gleason score was 59% (244/416). The exact concordance of the Gleason score assigned by the original pathologist and the reviewer during the first half of the study was 51%, whereas in the second half of the study the concordance was significantly greater (66.3%, P = .002). However, when grouped into score categories of 6 or less, 7, and 8 or greater, there was no significant difference in the exact concordance between the first half of the study (78.3%) and the second half (78.4%). Fifty-five percent of the cases in which there was discordance were graded as 7 by the reference pathologist and 6 or less by the original pathologist. There was no correlation between concordance in Gleason score and the percentage of tissue involved by carcinoma. Conclusion.—The concordance between general pathologists' Gleason grading and that of a reference pathologist in this study is much higher than that in previously reported studies. Although exact concordance has significantly improved over time, concordance by clinically significant groups has remained high throughout the study, is dominated by the difference between Gleason score 7 and 6 or less, and is unrelated to the size of the tumor focus.

scholarly journals Physical Performance and Inflammation Responses during and after the Jiu-Jitsu Stimulated Match according to Recovery Treatment Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-224
Author(s):  
Jong-Hyun Park ◽  
Sang-Hyun Lee ◽  
Su-Jin Kim ◽  
Jung-Ran Song ◽  
Hyo-Bum Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Oxygen Inhalation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Over Time

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to induce sufficient fatigue through the Jiu-Jitsu game imitation exhaustion treatment that reflects the characteristics of Jiu-Jitsu competition, and then fatigue-related indicators according to the self-healing treatment method performed during the break between each treatment and to examine the effect on Jiu-Jitsu exercise performance.METHODS: Eight Jiu-Jitsu athletes (28.3±3.62 years, 24.6±2.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 14.6±4.6% fat) participated in the study, and their exercise performance, RPE, lactate, CK, and CRP were measured after inducing exhaustion using the Jiu-Jitsu Fight Gone Bad (JFGB; 4 rounds×6 minutes JFGB, 12 minutes of recovery between rounds) test. These variables analyzed using two-way ANOVA with bonferroni’s correction.RESULTS: All the exercise performance, lactate level, and RPE showed only the difference over time according to JFGB treatment, and there was no significant difference according to recovery methods (passive recovery; PR, active recovery; AR, cryotherapy; CTR, oxygen inhalation; OIR). On the other hand, in the case of CRP, there was no significant difference in interaction effect, group, and time main effects. CK showed a significant difference only before and after JFGB treatment, but similarly, there was no difference according to recovery methods.CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the recovery method, all variables showed a significant difference only over time according to the JFGB test, and the AR, CTR, and OIR methods were similar to the PR. However, it was observed that in the case of CK, immediately after the JFGB test, it increased significantly regardless of recovery measures.

scholarly journals Effects of oral care provided with three different tools in patients receiving mechanical ventilationMekanik ventilatöre bağlı hastalarda üç farklı araçla verilen ağız bakımının etkisi

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 4507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüsna Özveren ◽  
Hülya Uçar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Oral Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oral care provided suction toothbrush, suction sponge stick and sponge stick in patients receiving mechanical ventilation.Material and method: The study was conducted as a quasi-experimental study. Thirty patients who were over 18 years of age and receiving mechanical ventilation comprised the study sample. The patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into three groups: the suction toothbrush group, the suction sponge stick group and the sponge stick group. The patients in the three groups were provided oral care by the researcher twice a day at 12-hour intervals for 5 days. To collect the data, the socio-demographic characteristics form, the patient follow-up form, the Oral Assessment Follow-up Form and the microbiological follow-up form were used.Results: The comparison of the patients’ mean scores obtained from the oral assessment scale on the 1st and 6th days in terms of oral care tools revealed a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). The difference was due to the scores of the suction-toothbrush group.Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that oral care performed regularly on the basis of a standard protocol had a positive effect on the oral mucosa health, and that the suction toothbrush was particularly the most effective oral care tool for the protection and maintenance of the oral mucosa health.Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetAmaç: Araştırma mekanik ventilatöre bağlı hastalarda sakşınlı diş fırçası, sakşınlı süngerli çubuk ve süngerli çubukla verilen ağız bakımının etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Materyal Metot: Araştırma, yarı deneysel olarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 18 yaşından büyük ve mekanik ventilatöre bağlı olan 30 hasta oluşturmuştur. Örneklem kriterlerine uyan hastalar sakşınlı diş fırçası, sakşınlı süngerli çubuk, süngerli çubuk olmak üzere üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Araştırmacı tarafından, her üç grupta yer alan hastalara 5 gün boyunca günde 2 kez 12 saat aralıklarla ağız bakımı verilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında; hastalara ait tanıtıcı özellikler formu, hasta izlem formu, ağız değerlendirme izlem formu ve mikrobiyolojik izlem formu kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların ağız bakım araçlarına göre 1. gün ve 6. gün ağız değerlendirme ölçeği puan ortalamaları karşılaştırıldığında aradaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Farklılığın sakşınlı diş fırçası grubundan kaynaklandığı saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, standart bir protokolle yapılan düzenli ağız bakımının ağız mukoza sağlığını olumlu etkilediği ayrıca sakşınlı diş fırçasının ağız sağlığının korunması ve sürdürülmesinde en etkili ağız bakım aracı olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Reduction of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis on the Surface of Raw Shelled Almonds by Exposure to Steam

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUN-YOUNG LEE ◽  
SE-WOOK OH ◽  
HYUN-JUNG CHUNG ◽  
JOSE I. REYES-DE-CORCUERA ◽  
JOSEPH R. POWERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sublethal Injury ◽  
Over Time

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of steam treatment on the reduction of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis on the surface of raw almonds. Two cultivars, ‘Nonpareil’ and ‘Mission’, were studied. Salmonella Enteritidis was inoculated on the surface of raw almonds, which were then treated with steam (93°C ± 1°C) for 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, and 65 s. After steam treatment, samples were plated on xylose lysine desoxycholate (XLD) and overlay (OV) XLD as a selective and nonselective agar for Salmonella, respectively, to investigate the extent of sublethal injury in Salmonella. Steam treatment of raw almonds effectively reduced Salmonella Enteritidis, and the effect was pronounced with increasing treatment time. After 65 s of steam treatment, reductions in Salmonella Enteritidis populations were 5.7 log and 5.8 log for ‘Nonpareil’ and 4.0 log and 4.1 log for ‘Mission’ when enumerated on XLD and OV XLD, respectively. There was no significant difference in population estimates determined with XLD and OV XLD over time (P &gt; 0.05). The effect of the steam treatment was significantly different between two almond cultivars. Salmonella inoculated onto ‘Mission’ was more resistant to the steam treatment than that on ‘Nonpareil’, indicating that varietal differences must be considered in the application of steam for the disinfection of raw almonds. The present investigation revealed the potential usefulness of steam treatments for the control of pathogens in raw almonds.

Changes over time in the risk of hospitalization for physical diseases among homeless men and women in Stockholm: A comparison of two cohorts

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 784-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Beijer ◽  
Daniel Bruce ◽  
Bo Burström
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Indirect Comparison ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Homeless Men ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical Diseases ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Over Time

Aims: To follow-up hospitalization for physical diseases among homeless men and women compared with a control group from the general population. The study also investigated the changes in the difference between the homeless men and women and the general population over time by comparing two cohorts of homeless people (2000–2002 and 1996). Methods: A total of 3887 people (24% women) who were homeless during the period 2000–2002 were compared with 11,661 people from the general population with respect to hospitalization for physical diseases and injuries (2000–2010). Indirect comparisons were used to compare the relative risk (RR) of hospitalization between the cohort of people who were homeless in 2000–2002 with a cohort of those who were homeless in 1996. Results: Homeless people have an RR of being hospitalized for physical diseases twice that of the general population. The largest differences were found in skin diseases, infections, injury/poisoning and diseases of the respiratory system. Indirect comparison between people who were homeless in 2000–2002 and 1996 showed an increasing difference between young (18–35 years) homeless men and men in the control group (RR 1.32). The difference had also increased between homeless men and men in the control group for hospitalization for heart disease (RR 1.35), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RR 2.60) and poisoning (RR 1.89). Among women, the difference had decreased between homeless women and women in the control group for skin disease (RR 0.20) and injury/poisoning (RR 0.60). There was no significant difference between the sexes in the two homeless cohorts. Conclusions: There was no improvement in excess hospitalization among homeless people over time. The difference between young homeless men and young men in the general population increased between 1996 and 2000–2002.

scholarly journals Body Image Dissatisfaction Among Third, Fourth, and Fifth Grade Children

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Skemp-Arlt ◽  
Keely S. Rees ◽  
Richard P. Mikat ◽  
Elizabeth E. Seebach
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Opposite Gender ◽  
Over Time

Body image dissatisfaction has become increasingly more prevalent among the preadolescent population over recent years. This study examines the level of body image dissatisfaction among 261 third, fourth, and fifth grade girls and boys. A pictorial scale was used to assess how the participants viewed their current body shape, their ideal body shape, and what they believed to be the ideal body shape of the opposite gender. Overall results indicated that 50.6% of the children surveyed were dissatisfied with their current body shape, 41.8% wanted to be thinner, while 8.8% wanted to be larger. Fifty percent of the girls were dissatisfied with their current body shape, with 45.1% wishing to be thinner. Boys showed similar trends, with 48.9% dissatisfied and 38.9% wishing to be thinner. A greater percentage of boys wanted to be larger than their current body shape (12.3%) compared to girls (4.9%). A significant difference was found between genders regarding the difference between scores of their current self and ideal self, where girls selected a smaller ideal body shape than the boys. An encouraging finding was that the level of body dissatisfaction decreased from third grade to fifth grade among both genders. Girls, however, still wished to be thinner over time. Boys, on the other hand, indicated a preference for a somewhat larger body shape over time. These results indicate that body image dissatisfaction exists prior to adolescence among this sample of children. Prevention strategies and education are encouraged among this age group.

scholarly journals The Effect of Student Background in E-Learning - Longitudinal Study

10.28945/3203 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seta Boghikian-Whitby ◽  
Yehia Mortagy
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Adult Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Online Experience ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Adult Undergraduate ◽  
Over Time

This study surveyed how students’ backgrounds prepare them for online education. The study compared learning outcome between traditional and non-traditional (adult) undergraduate students in online and face-to-face sessions; the difference in learning over time; and the effect of prior online experience. Student learning measurements included: pre-test, final examination (post-test), and final letter grade. Findings revealed that online education is as effective as F2F sessions and that learning has occurred. The study found a significant difference of learning outcomes over time. And that adult student with some prior online experience performed better than those with no prior experience. Conclusions suggest that Adult students benefit more from taking online classes compared to traditional age students, and that computer competency helped improve performance in online classes over time. Additional analysis is needed to determine if there is a difference between the personality of students and their performance in online and F2F classes.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of cardiac or orthopedic procedures in gout versus rheumatoid arthritis: a national time-trends study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1759720X2097391
Author(s):  
Jasvinder A. Singh ◽  
John Cleveland
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
United States ◽  
General Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Orthopedic Procedures ◽  
Cardiac Procedures ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Over Time

Aims: To examine the secular trends in the number and rates of in-hospital cardiac and orthopedic procedures in people with gout and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the United States (US) general population, from 1998 to 2014. Methods: We examined the frequency of seven common cardiac and orthopedic procedures in hospitalized people with gout, RA, or the general population using the 1998–2014 US National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Poisson regression evaluated the differences in frequencies in 1998 versus 2014, between gout and RA, and within each cohort. Results: Both in-hospital cardiac and orthopedic procedures increased in gout and RA with time, in contrast with declining cardiac procedures in the general US population. Cardiac procedures were significantly higher in gout versus RA in 1998 (59% higher) and 2014 (92% higher). The rate of cardiac procedures increased from 36.6 to 82.8 in gout and from 20.1 to 33.1 in RA per 100,000 NIS claims from 1998 to 2014. Orthopedic procedures became more common than cardiac procedures in gout and RA by 2014. In RA, the cardiac–orthopedic procedure volume difference was significant in 1998 and 2014. We noted no significant difference between cardiac versus orthopedic procedures in 1998 in gout, but the difference was significant in 2014. Orthopedic procedures in gout were significantly lower than RA in 1998 (33% lower), but were significantly higher than RA in 2014 (5% higher). Conclusion: Increasing in-hospital cardiac procedures in gout and RA contrasting with declining general US population rates indicated that optimal management of systemic inflammation and an early diagnosis of gout and RA are needed. The rate of increase in orthopedic procedures exceeded that in cardiac procedures. A much greater volume and rate of increase in common in-hospital cardiac and orthopedic procedures in gout compared to RA indicates that an aggressive approach to treat-to-target in gout is needed to potentially reduce the associated healthcare burden and cost. Plain language summary Cardiac and orthopedic procedures rising faster for gout compared to rheumatoid arthritis in the United States We performed a national US study of the most common cardiac versus orthopedic procedures from 1998 to 2014. We found that over time, the number and the rate of cardiac procedures increased in people with gout (2.2-fold higher) or rheumatoid arthritis (1.6-fold higher). This was surprising, since during the same time, we noted a decrease in cardiac procedures in the general U.S. population. The rate of cardiac procedures in gout was 2.5-fold higher than that in rheumatoid arthritis, 82.8 vs. 33.1 per 100,000 NIS claims in 2014. Interestingly, orthopedic procedures were more common than cardiac procedures in both gout and RA in all periods. Also, the difference in the numbers of cardiac vs. orthopedic procedures increased over time in both gout and RA. Gout outpaced rheumatoid arthritis for both the total number and the rate of cardiac or orthopedic procedures over time. Therefore, our study provides an understanding of an increasing procedure burden in gout compared to rheumatoid arthritis, and to the general U.S. people with these conditions.

Are Feminine or Masculine Supervisors Leading In Same Way And Have Same Effect on Subordinates’ Performance?

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292110503
Author(s):  
Sakshi Sharma ◽  
Manju Nair
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Leadership Behaviour ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Subjective Evidence ◽  
Positive Effect

Catalyst study stated that female leaders suggestively can exhibit better leadership behaviour than male and can have more positive effect on their subordinate’s work psychology and performance. But these proclamations, grounded mostly on inadequate research verdicts and subjective evidence, continue empirically unverified in Asian countries. The experiential study is directed to compare whether female managers differ in their leadership style from male managers in bank. Added to that, study led to recognize and compare the difference in subordinate’s work performance behaviour due to the supervisor’s gender. Through multi-stage sampling method, 364 male and 58 female supervisors were examined based on structured questionnaire proposing two hypothetical consent-attainment status quo. Results exhibited and confirmed the significant difference among supervisor’s gender in their leadership style. Noteworthy variances were revealed in subordinates’ work behaviour because of their manager’s gender. Though the effects varied for diverse dimensions of managerial behaviour and employees conduct. Hypothesis verified that female supervisors are more transformational and transactional in style than male. Furthermore, female leaders were rated more significantly positive on subordinates’ task and contextual performance than male. Research entitled that Indian female supervisor with transformational and transactional style could be more influential to induce subordinates work behaviour and performance in banks. It is imperious to analyse leader’s behaviour in context to their gender, as female leaders play a substantial role in organization growth and performance.

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