Characterization of soil water by the means of hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratio at dry-wet season under different soil layers in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River

AbstractThe soil water was stratified sampling and analyzed with 0–100 cm by three plantation (Leucaena Benth Forest land, Dodonaea angustifolia Shrub land and Heteropogon contortus grassland) at the dry-hot Valley in Jinsha River, at June, September, December of 2016, which were to know about the variation and mechanism of soil water movement. The results showed that (1) soil water in different soil layers is significantly different, and the overall performance is shrub land (11.65%) > grassland (8.29%) > forest land (6.76%); (2) the δD isotope ratio of the soil water from all samples ranged from −146.359% to −54.628% and the δ18O isotope ratio ranged from −20.272% to −2.148%, and there is a good linear relationship between isotope ratios of soil water of three different soils; (3) there is a change with season: the intercept of the isotopes ratio at different months decreased in turn, June < September < December. While the shrub lands and grassland had the same pattern but slightly different, the isotope ratio of soil moisture in December was lower, and the intercepts of shrub land in September were significantly larger than in December; (4) there is a change in space: the total difference isotopes ratio of soil water is larger at the shallow soil layer and changed sharply at all positions of the forestland, while those in the shrub land and grassland changed became relatively weakly. This study provides the theoretical basis for the key problems of plant water using mechanism, ecological water demand, vegetation recovery and so on.

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The Depth of Water Taken up by Walnut Trees during Different Phenological Stages in an Irrigated Arid Hilly Area in the Taihang Mountains

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10020121 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 121 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yang Liu ◽

Xuemei Zhang ◽

Shuang Zhao ◽

Huabing Ma ◽

Guohui Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Isotope Composition ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Root Water Uptake ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Hilly Area ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Hydrogen And Oxygen Isotope

Understanding how the soil environment impacts root water uptake location and magnitude is important for better management of plant irrigation. In this study, stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition were used to determine seasonal variations in the depth of water taken up by walnut trees during different phenological stages in an irrigated arid hilly area in the Taihang Mountains in China. The contributions of soil water at different depths to the water taken up were quantified by the MixSIAR Bayesian isotope mixing model. The results indicated that water taken up by the walnut trees was sourced mainly from soil water in the 0–20 cm soil layer at the sprouting and leaf expansion stages (62.95%), and the 20–40 cm soil layer at blossoming and fruit-bearing (43.45%), fruit expansion (41.8%), and fruit maturity (39.15%) stages. The mean soil depth of the water taken up by the walnut trees gradually decreased as the phenological stages advanced. The proportions of various soil layer water contributions to the walnut trees differed throughout the phenological stages, and the proportion of deeper soil water contributions gradually increased as the phenological stages of walnut trees advanced. The results of the present study indicated that water sources for walnut trees varied by depth during different phenological stages. In addition to soil moisture, soil temperature may also be an important factor affecting the depth of water taken up by walnut trees. The results also provided scientific implications for water-saving irrigation management.

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Comparative analysis of soil analysing datas on different sempling-plots

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/22/3198 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 85-90

Author(s):

Róbert Víg ◽

Attila Dobos

Keyword(s):

Water Movement ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Humus Content ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Types ◽

Meadow Soil ◽

Chernozem Soil ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Caco3 Content

Hibrid maize is cultivated on larger plots, therefore the sown areas of hibrid maize are heterogeneous from a pedology aspect. Heterogenity causes problems during tasseling, chemical plant protection and harvest. The heterogenity of sown areas can be compensated by fertilization which is based on soil analysis. We carried out research into change of the soil on four soil types from 1987 to 2005.There were no significant changes in pH, hydroiodic acidity, CaCO3-content, humus-content on meadow chernozem soil. We detected equalization of salin content in the examined soil layers. There were no significant changes in the measured values on chernozem meadow soil and solonetz meadow soil in 2005. We discoverd equalization of saline content on chernozem meadow soil, but the changes were not as obvious as the changes on meadow chernozem soil. We found salinization in the 30-60 cm soil layer on type meadow soil that may be due to water movement.

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Coffee and shade trees show complementary use of soil water in a traditional agroforestry ecosystem

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-24-1649-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 1649-1668 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lyssette Elena Muñoz-Villers ◽

Josie Geris ◽

María Susana Alvarado-Barrientos ◽

Friso Holwerda ◽

Todd Dawson

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Water Uptake ◽

Tree Species ◽

Root Water Uptake ◽

Water Sources ◽

Shade Trees ◽

Wet Season ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

Coffee Plants

Abstract. Globally, coffee has become one of the most sensitive commercial crops, being affected by climate change. Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) grows in traditionally shaded agroforestry systems in tropical regions and accounts for ∼70 % of coffee production worldwide. Nevertheless, the interaction between plant and soil water sources in these coffee plantations remains poorly understood. To investigate the functional response of dominant shade tree species and coffee (C. arabica var. typica) plants to different soil water availability conditions, we conducted a study during near-normal and more pronounced dry seasons (2014 and 2017, respectively) and a wet season (2017) in a traditional coffee plantation in central Veracruz, Mexico. For the different periods, we specifically investigated the variations in water sources and root water uptake via MixSIAR mixing models that use δ18O and δ2H stable isotope composition of rainfall, plant xylem and soil water. To further increase our mechanistic understanding of root activity, the distribution of below-ground biomass and soil macronutrients was also examined and considered in the model as prior information. Results showed that, over the course of the two investigated dry seasons, all shade tree species (Lonchocarpus guatemalensis, Inga vera and Trema micrantha) relied, on average, on water sources from intermediate (>15 to 30 cm depth: 58± 18 % SD) and deep soil layers (>30 to 120 cm depth: 34±21 %), while coffee plants used much shallower water sources (<5 cm depth: 42±37 % and 5–15 cm depth: 52±35 %). In addition, in these same periods, coffee water uptake was influenced by antecedent precipitation, whereas trees showed little sensitiveness to antecedent wetness. Our findings also showed that during the wet season coffee plants substantially increased the use of near-surface water (+56 % from <5 cm depth), while shade trees extended the water acquisition to much shallower soil layers (+19 % from <15 cm depth) in comparison to drier periods. Despite the plasticity in root water uptake observed between canopy trees and coffee plants, a complementary use of soil water prevailed during the dry and wet seasons investigated. However, more variability in plant water sources was observed among species in the rainy season when higher soil moisture conditions were present and water stress was largely absent.

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Will the conversion of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests to Chinese fir plantations affect the transportation of soil water?

10.22541/au.162151395.54567516/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

qi Chen ◽

Yuanqiu Liu ◽

Jiahui Huang ◽

Yunhong Xie ◽

Tianjun Bai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Movement ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Chinese Fir ◽

Jiangxi Province ◽

Natural Forests ◽

Mixed Forests

The conversion of natural forests to planted forests has become a global trend, and the practice has wide-ranging effects on soil. This study aimed to explore the differences in soil water movement after the conversion of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests (natural forest, NF) to Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolate (Lamb.) Hook.) plantations (CFP, 20–21 years old). Soil samples from five layers (0–5, 5–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–50 cm) were collected from NF and CFP before and after rainfall event in the Peng Chongjian watershed, Jiangxi Province. The physical properties of the soils, including the mean and coefficient of variation (CV) of soil moisture content and the soil particle composition, were determined in both forest types. The δD of soil water and the litter water-holding capacity were also measured. The results showed that the variation ranges of moisture content in each soil layer after the rainfall was 21.13%–49.40% in CFP and 21.33%–43.87% in NF. There were no significant differences in soil bulk density or porosity; the clay and silt contents were significantly increased in topsoil, while the sand was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). After the rainfall, soil water in CFP responded more promptly than NF. In the process of infiltration, the contribution of rainfall to soil moisture gradually decreased with increasing soil depth. Topsoil (0–5 cm) in NF responded promptly to rainfall, but the response showed a lag effect with the increase of soil depth. With the extension of infiltration time, the contribution of precipitation to deep soil gradually increased. The results showed that the soil did not degrade after the conversion of NF to CFP, a significant guiding result for plantation cultivation.

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Divergent water sources of three dominant plant species following precipitation events in enclosed and mowing grassland steppes

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.7737 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e7737

Author(s):

Tiejun Bao ◽

Yunnuan Zheng ◽

Ze Zhang ◽

Heyang Sun ◽

Ran Chao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Water ◽

Plant Species ◽

Water Use ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Deep Soil ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Typical Steppe ◽

Dominant Plant Species ◽

Precipitation Events

Understanding of the dynamic patterns of plant water use in a changing environment is one of foci in plant ecology, and can provide basis for the development of best practice in restoration and protection of ecosystem. We studied the water use sources of three coexisting dominant plant species Leymus chinensis, Stipa grandis and Cleistogenes squarrosa growing in both enclosed and mowing grassland in a typical steppe. The oxygen stable isotope ratios (δ18O) of soil water and stem water of these three species were determined, along with soil moisture, before and after precipitation events. The results showed that (1) mowing had no significant effect on the soil moisture and its δ18O, whereas precipitation significantly changed the soil moisture though no significant effect detected on its δ18O. (2) C. squarrosa took up water majorly from top soil layer due to its shaollow root system; L. chinensis took up relative more water from deep soil layer, and S. grandis took up water from the middle to deep soil layers. (3) L. chinensis and S. grandis in mowing grassland tended to take up more water from the upper soil layers following precipitation events, but showed no sensitive change in water source from soil profile following the precipitation in the enclosed grassland, indicating a more sensitive change of soil water sources for the two species in mowing than enclosed grassland. The differences in root morphology and precipitation distribution may partly explain the differences in their water uptake from different soil layers. Our results have important theoretical values for understanding the water competition among plants in fluctuating environment and under different land use in the typical steppe.

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Applying stable water isotopes to determine root water uptake patterns in an urban forest land

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8136 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhiqing Lan ◽

Han Chen ◽

Han Li ◽

Jinhui Jeanne Huang ◽

Edward McBean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Uptake ◽

Isotope Ratio ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Root Zone ◽

Urban Water ◽

Forest Land ◽

Shallow Layer ◽

Water Uptake Patterns

The scarcity of water resources is an important issue in urbanization. Urban forest land water consumption accounts for a large part of urban water resources, the study of water uptake patterns in urban forest area is crucial for urban water saving and precision irrigation, but no identified research have investigated water uptake patterns in urban forest area until now. In this study, we measured the deuterium isotope ratio (&#948;D) and the oxygen isotope ratio (&#948;18O) of precipitation, irrigation water, xylem water and soil water sources in a locust tree forest in Jinnan District of Tianjin City, China across 2019-2020. Water sources proportion in the root zone area of different growing seasons were obtained by IsoSource model, MixSIR model and SIAR model. Results show that there is a significant difference in soil moisture content between different stand age locust trees in time and depth variation. The trend of soil moisture of different stand ages of locust in time sequence intend to increase first and then decrease, the most significantly change of soil water content happened in shallow layer (0~40 cm). The change in vertical depth is about the same. The soil profile of 0-200 cm was discretized into three layers. The shallow layer (0~40 cm) soil water &#948;D and &#948;18O fluctuated widely and decreased with the depth increased. This study revealed the dynamic replenishment of the root zone water in urban forest land, and provides insights into reforestation and water management in urban area.

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Simulation of the Water Dynamics and Root Water Uptake of Winter Wheat in Irrigation at Different Soil Depths

Water ◽

10.3390/w10081033 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1033 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xianghong Guo ◽

Xihuan Sun ◽

Juanjuan Ma ◽

Tao Lei ◽

Lijian Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Uptake ◽

Water Movement ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Root Water Uptake ◽

Model Verification ◽

Water Dynamics ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Soil Water Movement

Soil water content (SWC) distribution plays an important role in root water uptake (RWU) and crop yield. Reasonable deep irrigation can increase the yield of winter wheat. The soil water movement model of winter wheat was established by considering the root water uptake and the different soil depths of irrigation and using the source term of the soil water movement equation to simulate irrigation at different soil depths. For model verification, experiments on three treatments of winter wheat growth were conducted at irrigation soil depths of 0% (T1), 40% (T2), and 70% (T3) of the distribution depth of the winter wheat root system. The SWC calculated by the model is in accordance with the dynamic change trend of the measured SWC. The maximum absolute error of the model was 0.022 cm3/cm3. The maximum average relative error was 7.95%. The maximum root mean square error was 0.28 cm3/cm3. Therefore, the model has a high simulation accuracy and can be used to simulate the distribution and dynamic changes of SWC of winter wheat in irrigation at different soil depths. The experimental data showed that irrigation soil depth has a significant effect on the root distribution of winter wheat (p < 0.05), and deep irrigation can reduce the root length density (RLD) in the upper soil layers and increase the RLD in the deeper soil layers. The dynamic simulation of RWU and SWC showed that deep irrigation can increase the SWC and RWU in deep soil and decrease the SWC and RWU in upper soil. Consequently, deep irrigation can increase the transpiration of winter wheat, reduce evaporation and evapotranspiration, and increase the yield of winter wheat.

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Estimating irrigation contribution to apple tree water uptake by deuterium tracing

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-13382 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Agnese Aguzzoni ◽

Michael Engel ◽

Damiano Zanotelli ◽

Francesco Comiti ◽

Massimo Tagliavini

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Water Uptake ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Isotope Ratio ◽

Apple Tree ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Capillary Rise ◽

Soil Layer ◽

And Control

Against the background of a future decrease in water availability, there is a need to use irrigation water with higher efficiency. To improve water management, it is crucial to clarify the role of irrigation water compared to soil water and additional water sources, including groundwater, which is often neglected by most water balance models.We used deuterium-enriched water as tracer to distinguish irrigation water from soil water and groundwater and evaluate its contribution to the apple tree water uptake. The study was conducted in an apple orchard (Malus domestica, cv. Pinova) located in a flat area of the Venosta valley (South Tyrol, Italy) characterized by shallow groundwater (about 0.9 m from the ground). Before the experiment, the soil was covered for two weeks to prevent rain and irrigation from entering the soil. In July 2019, deuterium-enriched water (40 L/m2, &#948;2H = 1500 &#8240;) was homogenously applied to the soil in four plots. In the proximity of each irrigated plot, not-irrigated trees were present (controls). From both irrigated and control plots, soil, leaf and shoot axis samples were collected starting from 2 hours until 7 days after the irrigation. Total tree and soil water was extracted through cryogenic vacuum distillation. Soil and plant water isotope composition was measured at the IRIS (Isotope Ratio Infrared Spectroscopy) and at the IRMS (Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry) analyzer, respectively. Reference ET for the period was 3.3 mm day-1 on average.Soil moisture in both irrigated and control soils decreased from the surface to 0.4-0.5 m soil depth and then progressively increased again until 0.8 m depth, in line with a maximum capillary rise of approximately 0.4 m estimated by models for a silty loam soil.&#160;In the upper 0.5 m soil layer, where around 80 % of total fine roots were concentrated, labeled irrigation water represented ca. 20 % of total soil water. The labeled water firstly appeared in the shoots starting from 8 hours from the irrigation (average &#948;2H = 27.4 &#8240;) and the deuterium concentration reached its maximum after 24-48 hours from water supply (&#948;2H = 68.1 &#8240;). At this time, irrigation water accounted for 8 % of the shoot extracted water. Considering the average deuterium abundance of the extracted water in the first 0.5 m soil layer, where labeled irrigation water mixed with soil water, we estimated that 35-40 % of the shoot water had been absorbed from such a layer. These preliminary results highlight the complexity of soil-water-plant interactions and call for additional investigation to understand the role of the soil water present before irrigation that could be preferentially taken up by roots. Additionally, the contribution of an upward flux from groundwater should be quantified.&#160;

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Stem-root flow effect on soil–atmosphere interactions and uncertainty assessments

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/hessd-12-11783-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 11783-11816

Author(s):

T.-H. Kuo ◽

J.-P. Chen ◽

Y. Xue

Keyword(s):

Heat Flux ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Sensible Heat Flux ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Evaporation ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Flow Effect ◽

Top Soil

Abstract. Soil water can rapidly enter deeper layers via vertical redistribution of soil water through the stem–root flow mechanism. This study develops the stem–root flow parameterization scheme and coupled this scheme with the Simplified Simple Biosphere model (SSiB) to analyze its effects on land–atmospheric interactions. The SSiB model was tested in a single column mode using the Lien Hua Chih (LHC) measurements conducted in Taiwan and HAPEX-Mobilhy (HAPEX) measurements in France. The results show that stem–root flow generally caused a decrease in the moisture content at the top soil layer and moistened the deeper soil layers. Such soil moisture redistribution results in significant changes in heat flux exchange between land and atmosphere. In the humid environment at LHC, the stem–root flow effect on transpiration was minimal, and the main influence on energy flux was through reduced soil evaporation that led to higher soil temperature and greater sensible heat flux. In the Mediterranean environment of HAPEX, the stem–root flow significantly affected plant transpiration and soil evaporation, as well as associated changes in canopy and soil temperatures. However, the effect on transpiration could either be positive or negative depending on the relative changes in the moisture content of the top soil vs. deeper soil layers due to stem–root flow and soil moisture diffusion processes.

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The effects of three techniques that change the wetting patterns over subsurface drip-irrigated potatoes

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2015133-7102 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. e1204 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammad N. Elnesr ◽

Abdurrahman A. Alazba

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Water Movement ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Intermittent Flow ◽

Font Size ◽

Physical Barrier ◽

Barrier Methods ◽

Subsurface Drip ◽

Wetting Pattern

Wetting pattern enhancement is one of the goals of irrigation designers and researchers. In this study, we addressed three techniques (dual-lateral drip, intermittent flow and physical barrier methods) that change the wetting pattern of subsurface drip irrigation. To study their effect on the yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) of potatoes, field experiments were conducted for four seasons, during which the soil-water balance was continuously monitored using a set of capacitance probes. The results of the soil water patterns showed that both the dual-lateral and intermittent techniques increased lateral water movement and eliminated deep percolation, whereas the physical barrier had a limited effect on the top soil layer. The crop results indicated that the yield and WUE increased significantly in response to the application of the dual-lateral drip (up to 30%); the intermittent application also positively affected the yield (~10%) and the WUE (~14%), but these effects were not statistically significant according to the statistical model. The physical barrier showed a non-significant negative effect on the yield and WUE. These findings suggest the following recommended practices: the use of dual-lateral drip technique due to its beneficial results and its potential for increasing yields and reducing water consumption; the application of intermittent flow with more than three surges; and restricting the use of physical barriers to soils with high permeability.<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Simplified Arabic'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Simplified Arabic'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" />

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