Phytochemical profile, in vitro antioxidant, and anti-protein denaturation activities of Curcuma longa L. rhizome and leaves

Abstract Curcuma longa L. is a famous spice cultivated in many countries with significant variations reported in its phytochemical contents and biological potential. For the first time, the present work is aimed to identify the major phytochemicals present in methanol:chloroform (MC) and petroleum ether (PE) extracts of Curcuma longa rhizome and leaves (by determining polyphenols and GC/MS analysis), and their in-vitro antioxidant and anti-protein denaturation potential. Results showed that the highest value (P < 0.05) of polyphenolic content was in MC extract of rhizome (51.46 ± 0.46 mg GAE/g) followed by 31.20 ± 0.53 mg GAE/g in MC leaves extract. The strong antiradical activity was evaluated in MC extract of rhizome with IC50 value of 92 ± 0.02 µg/mL. MC extracts of both the rhizome and leaves exerted a potent inhibitory effect against protein denaturation with IC50 values of 106.21 ± 0.53 and 108.06 ± 4.67 μg/mL (P > 0.5), respectively. GC/MS analysis showed that α-tumerone was the main component in the rhizome oil (32.44%), whereas in the leaf oil, palmitic acid was the prominent constituent (28.33%) and α-phellandrene recorded a comparable percentage (7.29). In conclusion, C. longa is a valuable source of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory constituents, as indicated by its high polyphenolic content and by its considerable in vitro antiradical and anti-protein denaturation potential.

Download Full-text

Curcumin-based antioxidant and glycohydrolase inhibitor compounds: Synthesis and in vitro appraisal of the dual activity against diabetes

Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573406416666200506083718 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Sajjad Esmaeili ◽

Nazanin Ghobadi ◽

Donya Nazari ◽

Alireza Pourhossein ◽

Hassan Rasouli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Enzyme Inhibitor ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Curcumin Derivatives ◽

Reducing Power Assay

Background: Curcumin, as the substantial constituent of the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa), plays a significant role in the prevention of various diseases, including diabetes. It possesses ideal structure features as enzyme inhibitor, including a flexible backbone, hydrophobic nature, and several available hydrogen bond (H-bond) donors and acceptors. Objective: The present study aimed at synthesizing several novel curcumin derivatives and further evaluation of these compounds for possible antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties along with inhibitory effect against two carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as these enzymes are therapeutic targets for attenuation of postprandial hyperglycemia. Methods: Therefore, curcumin-based pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and identified using an instrumental technique like NMR spectroscopy and then screened for antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential. Total antioxidant activity, reducing power assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH• ) radical scavenging activity were done to appraisal the antioxidant potential of these compounds in vitro. Results: Compounds L6-L9 showed higher antioxidant activity while L4, L9, L12 and especially L8 exhibited the best selectivity index (lowest α-amylase/α-glucosidase inhibition ratio). Conclusion: These antioxidant inhibitors may be potential anti-diabetic drugs, not only to reduce glycemic index but also to limit the activity of the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing pathways.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Curcumin against In Vitro Adhesion of Implant Device-Associated Bacteria on Nanosized Titanium Dioxide

Journal of Nano Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.23.83 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 83-90

Author(s):

Seung Han Oh ◽

In Young Na ◽

Kyoung Hee Choi

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Human Tooth ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Associated Bacteria ◽

Tooth Surfaces ◽

Titanium Surfaces ◽

Main Component

Although titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an implantable biomaterial with its antibacterial activity, infection on TiO2 surfaces remains a problem for medical settings. According to our previous studies, curcumin, the main component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), partially hindered the attachment of Streptococcus mutans to human tooth surfaces. Therefore, it was examined whether several implant device-associated bacteria were able to adhere to nanosized TiO2 surfaces. In addition, the effect of curcumin on the bacterial adhesion was investigated. Bacterial strains were cultured on pure Ti and TiO2 surfaces with various nanotube sizes in the absence or presence of curcumin and observed by scanning electron microscopy. Consequently, most bacteria adhered to Ti and TiO2 surfaces. However, curcumin increased the adhesion of bacteria including S. mutans. The results suggest that bacterial adhesion to implant titanium surfaces can be augmented via curcumin ingestion.

Download Full-text

Mobilization of Fibrinogen Receptor Sites on Human Platelets Stimulated with ADP is Prevented by Prostacyclin

10.1055/s-0039-1687387 ◽

1979 ◽

Author(s):

J. Hawiger ◽

S. Parkinson ◽

S. Timmons

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Human Platelets ◽

Affinity Constant ◽

Human Fibrinogen ◽

Fibrinogen Receptor ◽

Receptor Sites ◽

Plasma Factor ◽

Potent Inhibitory Effect

Fibrinogen is a plasma factor required for aggregation of human platelets by ADP. The mechanism of platelet-ADP-fibrinogen interaction was studied by measuring the equilibrium binding of 125I-fibrinogen to human platelets separated from plasma proteins. Binding of 125I-fibrinogen to platelets not stimulated with ADP was low and unaffected by an excess of unlabel led fibrinogen. However, when platelets were stimulated with 4μM of ADP, there was an eightfold increase In the number of available binding sites for human fibrinogen, with affinity constant of 1.9 x 109M-1. This striking increase in fibrinogen receptor sites on human platelets was specific for ADP as contrasted to ATP, AMP, and adenosine. Prostacyclin (Prostaglandin I2, PGI2), a novel prostaglandin produced by the blood vessel wall, completely blocked this ADP-induced increase in fibrinogen receptor sites on human platelets. The effect of PGI2 was prompt and concentration dependent, reaching maximum at 10-9M. 6-keto PGF2 a stable derivative ot PGI2, did not have such an effect. Thus movement of fibrinogen receptor sites on human platelet membrane stimulated with ADP is prevented by PGI2. This represents a new biologic property of this vascular hormone and contributes to better understanding of its potent inhibitory effect in vitro and in vivo on ADP-induced platelet aggregation requiring mobilization of fibrinogen receptor.

Download Full-text

Review on in vitro antioxidant activities of Curcuma species commonly used as herbal components in Indonesia

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.4(2).163 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 286-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdul Rohman ◽

H. Widodo ◽

E. Lukitaningsih ◽

M. Rafi ◽

Nurrulhidayah A.F. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ferric Thiocyanate ◽

Herbal Components

Free radicals, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been known to contribute several degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, aging, certain types of cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative, and diabetes mellitus. In order to overcome the negative effects of these radicals, some scientists have explored some natural antioxidants from plants and it's by-products. The antioxidant can be defined as any substances or samples capable of inhibiting free radical reactions in the oxidation reaction. Due to curcuminoids contained, Curcuma species such as Curcuma longa, Curcuma heyneana, Curcuma mangga, and Curcuma xanthorriza were commonly used for herbal components in some traditional medicine. Several in vitro tests been introduced and used to measure antioxidant activities, namely radical scavenging assay using 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 -sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ferric-thiocyanate, phosphomolybdenum method, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity, metal chelating power, beta-carotene bleaching linoleic-ferric-thiocyanate, and thiobarbituric acid methods. This review highlighted the antioxidant activities in vitro of C. longa, C. heyneana, C. mangga, and C. xanthorriza through several tests. To perform this review, several repute databases were analyzed and used. From this review, it can be stated that Curcuma species have powerful antioxidant activities, therefore they could be potential sources of natural antioxidants and can be used as food supplements.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Aristolochia longa Extracts

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/7384735 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nasreddine El Omari ◽

Karima Sayah ◽

Saad Fettach ◽

Omar El Blidi ◽

Abdelhakim Bouyahya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Therapeutic Tools

Oxidative stress plays a major role in diabetic physiopathology; hence, the interest of using natural antioxidants as therapeutic tools exists. The aim of this study was the evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity and inhibitory potential of organic extracts from Aristolochia longa roots against key enzymes linked to hyperglycemia. Antioxidant activity was performed using 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The α-Glucosidase and β-Galactosidase inhibitory activities were investigated using an in vitro model. Moreover, phytochemical analysis of tested extracts was carried out. The aqueous fraction of this herb exhibited the highest antioxidant activity for both DPPH and ABTS methods, IC50=125.40±2.40 μg/mL and IC50=65.23±2.49 μg/mL, respectively. However, the ethyl acetate fraction possessed the strongest inhibitory effect towards α-Glucosidase (IC50=1.112±0.026 mg/mL). Furthermore, the result showed high levels of phenolic content. The results showed that this plant could be a significant source of medically important natural compounds.

Download Full-text

Synthesis and structural analysis of curdlan sulfate with a potent inhibitory effect in vitro of AIDS virus infection

Macromolecules ◽

10.1021/ma00218a001 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 23 (16) ◽

pp. 3717-3722 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Takashi Yoshida ◽

Kenichi Hatanaka ◽

Toshiyuki Uryu ◽

Yutaro Kaneko ◽

Eiichiro Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Analysis ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Aids Virus ◽

Potent Inhibitory Effect

Download Full-text

In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of a bisdemethoxycurcumin-rich Curcuma longa extract and its oral bioavailability in rats

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-021-00544-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Venkataramana Heggar Sudeep ◽

Kuluvar Gouthamchandra ◽

Siddappa Chandrappa ◽

Puttaswamy Naveen ◽

Budanuru Reethi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Relative Bioavailability ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽

Potential Health ◽

Turmeric Extract ◽

In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion

Abstract Background Nonetheless curcumin has potential health benefits, its low bioavailability limits the application of conventional turmeric extract with curcumin as major curcuminoid. This is a comparative study to assess the stability, bioaccessibility and biological activity of BDMC in standardized C. longa extract (REVERC3) relative to curcumin in regular turmeric extract (RTE). Here we report the preparation of a standardized Curcuma longa extract (REVERC3™) standardized to contain 75 ± 5 w/w % bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), 1.2 ± 0.8 w/w % curcumin and 10 ± 5 w/w % demethoxycurcumin (DMC). The turmeric extracts were subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and the curcuminoids in undigested and digested samples were analyzed using HPLC to determine the bioaccessibility. Further, the undigested and digested samples were evaluated for lipase inhibition and antioxidant activities. Male Wistar rats were administered with single dose (1000 mg/kg) of standardized C. longa extract and RTE to determine the plasma concentration of BDMC and curcumin respectively at different time points using LCMS/MS. Results The bioaccessibility of BDMC was significantly higher than curcumin (p < 0.05). BDMC was found superior to curcumin having significant lipase inhibitory effect (p < 0.01), ABTS radical scavenging (p < 0.05), and nitric oxide scavenging activities (p < 0.01). Interestingly, the relative bioavailability of BDMC in standardized C. longa extract was 18.76 compared to curcumin. The Cmax of BDMC was 4.4-fold higher than curcumin. Conclusion BDMC is reported to have higher bioaccessibility and bioavailability than curcumin. Our findings rationalize use of BDMC-enriched standardized C. longa extract for improved physiological benefits counteracting the regular turmeric extract with less bioavailable curcumin as major curcuminoid.

Download Full-text

Potent inhibitory effect of terpenoids from Acanthopanax trifoliatus on growth of PC-3 prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo is associated with suppression of NF-κB and STAT3 signalling

Journal of Functional Foods ◽

10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.035 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 274-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Dongli Li ◽

Zhiyun Du ◽

Chenyue Li ◽

Yue Liu ◽

Susan Goodin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Prostate Cancer Cells ◽

Acanthopanax Trifoliatus ◽

Potent Inhibitory Effect ◽

Stat3 Signalling

Download Full-text

Co-Microencapsulation of Flavonoids from Yellow Onion Skins and Lactic Acid Bacteria Lead to Multifunctional Ingredient for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutics Applications

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12111053 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1053

Author(s):

Ștefania Adelina Milea ◽

Mihaela Aida Vasile ◽

Oana Crăciunescu ◽

Ana-Maria Prelipcean ◽

Gabriela Elena Bahrim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Value Added ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Coating Materials ◽

Yellow Onion

In this study, flavonoids extracted from yellow onion skins and Lactobacillus casei were encapsulated in a combination of whey protein isolate, inulin and maltodextrin with an encapsulation efficiency of 84.82 ± 0.72% for flavonoids and 72.49 ± 0.11% for lactic acid bacteria. The obtained powder showed a flavonoid content of 89.49 ± 4.12 mg quercetin equivalents/g dry weight (DW) and an antioxidant activity of 39.27 ± 0.45 mM Trolox/g DW. The powder presented a significant antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory potential, with an inhibitory effect on α-amylase, lipase and lipoxygenase of 76.40 ± 2.30%, 82.58 ± 3.36% and 49.01 ± 0.62%, respectively. The results obtained for in vitro digestion showed that the coating materials have a protective effect on the flavonoids release. Cytotoxicity results indicated that the powder was cytocompatible up to a concentration of 500 μg/mL. The functional potential of the powder was tested by adding in a selected food matrix, highlighting a good stability of the phytochemicals, whereas an increase with 1 log cell forming unit (CFU)/g DW was observed after 21 days of storage. The obtained results are promising in the valorization of natural antioxidants in combination with lactic acid bacteria in order to develop multifunctional ingredients with value-added for food and pharmaceutics applications.

Download Full-text