A study on the construction technology of the Seljuk minarets in Isfahan with focus on their geometric brick pattern

Abstract Using decorative elements is an inseparable aspect of Iranian architecture. Architectural ornaments in many buildings, including the minarets, represent the architect’s craftsmanship. As such, the minarets in Isfahan have different types of brickwork ornamentations, such as 90-degree herringbone (Khofteh-Rasteh), basket weave bond (Hasiri), and other complex types. Additionally, the highest minarets are usually constructed in a truncated conical shape to reduce their overall weight and ameliorate their stability against the wind, and lateral forces. Therefore, while the geometric integrity of brickwork patterns should be maintained, all the ornamentations are applied on a shrinking surface area. However, the practical solutions for the construction processes in these structures haven’t been sufficiently investigated. Hence, this study aims to explore the methods of brickwork projection on the minarets and analyse the changes in girih patterns at different height levels. Accordingly, after surveying the selected single minarets in Isfahan, they were modeled using drafting software applications and then analysed.

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Sloshing Response of Floating Roofed Liquid Storage Tanks Subjected to Earthquakes of Different Types

Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4006858 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 134 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. G. Golzar ◽

R. Shabani ◽

S. Tariverdilo ◽

G. Rezazadeh

Keyword(s):

Ground Motions ◽

Far Field ◽

Storage Tanks ◽

Natural Period ◽

Design Spectrum ◽

Long Period ◽

Lateral Forces ◽

Different Types ◽

Hamiltonian Variational Principle ◽

Stress Patterns

Using extended Hamiltonian variational principle, the governing equations for sloshing response of floating roofed storage tanks are derived. The response of the floating roofed storage tanks is evaluated for different types of ground motions, including near-source and long-period far-field records. Besides comparing the response of the roofed and unroofed tanks, the effect of different ground motions on the wave elevation, lateral forces, and overturning moments induced on the tank is investigated. It is concluded that the dimensionless sloshing heights for the roofed tanks are solely a function of their first natural period. Also it is shown that while long-period far-field ground motions control the free board height, near-source records give higher values for lateral forces and overturning moments induced on the tank. This means that same design spectrum could not be used to evaluate the free board and lateral forces in the seismic design of storage tanks. Finally, two cases are studied to reveal the stress patterns caused by different earthquakes.

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Comparative assessment of different methods for using land-cover variables for distribution modelling of Salamandra salamandra longirotris

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892912000227 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 48-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

DAVID ROMERO ◽

JESÚS OLIVERO ◽

RAIMUNDO REAL

Keyword(s):

Land Cover ◽

Surface Area ◽

Single Type ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Distribution Modelling ◽

Unique Type ◽

Herbaceous Crops ◽

Different Types ◽

Salamandra Salamandra ◽

Variable Analysis

SUMMARYPredictive models are frequently used to define the most suitable areas for species protection or reintroduction. Land-cover variables can be used in different ways for distribution modelling. The surface area of a set of land-cover classes is often used, each land-cover presence/absence or the distance to them from any point of the study area can be preferred; multiple types of land-cover variables may be combined to produce a single model. This paper assesses whether different approaches to using land-cover variables may lead to different ecological conclusions when interpreted for conservation by focusing on the distribution of the salamader Salamandra salamandra longirostris, an endangered amphibian subspecies in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. Twenty-eight land-cover classes and another 42 environmental variables were used to construct four different models. Three models used a unique type of land-cover variable: either the presence of each class, the surface area of each class or the distance to each class, with all three variable types jointly entered in a fourth model. All models attained acceptable scores according to some criteria (discrimination, descriptive and predictive capacities, classification accuracy and parsimony); however most of the assessment parameters computed indicated a better performance of the models using either the surface area of land classes or the distance to them from every sampled square, compared to the model using class presences. The best scores were obtained with the fourth model, which combined different types of land-cover variables. This model suggested that oak forest fragmentation in favour of herbaceous crops and pastures may have negative effects on the distribution of S. s. longirostris. This was only partially suggested by the first three models, which considered a single type of land-cover variable, demonstrating the importance of considering a multi-variable analysis for conservation planning.

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The Development and Application of the Green Construction Technology in Small and Mid-Sized Cities - A Case Study of Jincheng, Shanxi Province

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.125 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 689 ◽

pp. 125-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ming Min Cui ◽

Yuan Ping Liu

Keyword(s):

Green Buildings ◽

Shanxi Province ◽

Construction Technology ◽

Green Construction ◽

Different Types ◽

The City ◽

Further Development

This paper sets as the research object the development and application of the green construction technology in the city of Jincheng and makes an analysis on the representative examples selected respectively from three different types of buildings, that is, residential, office and commerrcial buildings, to summarize the technical achievements as well as raise the relevant suggestions for the further development of the green construction technology, which will play an important role to guide the improvement and advancement of the green buildings in small and mid-sized cities.

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Analisis Lapisan Batuan dan Potensi Air Tanah dengan Metode Geolistrik Konfigurasi Schlumberger di Kampus 2 UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

JIPFRI (Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Fisika dan Riset Ilmiah) ◽

10.30599/jipfri.v3i1.228 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Rena Denya Agustina ◽

Haekal Pazha ◽

Muhammad Minan Chusni

Keyword(s):

Electrical Properties ◽

Surface Area ◽

Sedimentary Rocks ◽

Groundwater Potential ◽

Rock Formations ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

Different Types ◽

Sand And Gravel

Geoelectric is the method most often used to obtain subsurface images with the possibility of groundwater and minerals at a certain depth. Estimations by means of this method are based on the fact that different materials will have different types of resistance when electrified. The purpose of this research is to estimate the electrical properties of subsurface rock formations, especially their ability to generate electricity or inhibit electricity. The results showed that the tested area had soil geological conditions which were dominated by soil, sand and gravel in the surface area, whereas for 50 m depth it was dominated by sedimentary rocks accompanied by basalt rocks with little saline in the deepest layer. For large resistivity in the range of 3000 - 5000 Wm it indicates that the area has poor groundwater potential.

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Asymptotic Analysis of Plausible Tree Hash Modes for SHA-3

IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology ◽

10.46586/tosc.v2017.i4.212-239 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 212-239

Author(s):

Kevin Atighehchi ◽

Alexis Bonnecaze

Keyword(s):

Asymptotic Behavior ◽

Asymptotic Analysis ◽

Reasonable Assumption ◽

Resource Usage ◽

Modes Of Operation ◽

Software Applications ◽

Single Tree ◽

Mode Of Operation ◽

Different Types

Discussions about the choice of a tree hash mode of operation for a standardization have recently been undertaken. It appears that a single tree mode cannot address adequately all possible uses and specifications of a system. In this paper, we review the tree modes which have been proposed, we discuss their problems and propose solutions. We make the reasonable assumption that communicating systems have different specifications and that software applications are of different types (securing stored content or live-streamed content). Finally, we propose new modes of operation that address the resource usage problem for three representative categories of devices and we analyse their asymptotic behavior.

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Studying coefficient of increase of the support surface after deployment of a mobile hoist

Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University ◽

10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.95.0.26 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Igor Kyrychenko ◽

Oleksandr Rieznikov ◽

Yuri Rukavishnikov ◽

Anton Knyshenko

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Computer Technology ◽

Design Stage ◽

Geometrical Parameters ◽

Support Surface ◽

Area Increase ◽

Different Types ◽

Support Device ◽

Surface Area Increase ◽

Support Devices

Currently, there are about 150 manufacturers of mobile elevating work platforms (MEWP), which are constantly designing and implementing new machines with advanced capabilities. Along with the improvement of hoisting equipment, the support devices of the MEWP are also improved. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the coefficient of increase of the support surface area after the deployment of a mobile hoist for different types of support devices. Goal. The aim of this work is to study how the coefficient of increase of the support surface area after the deployment of the support device depends on the length of the support projecting for different designs of support devices used in MEWP. Methodology. Analytical methods of studying the designs with variable geometrical parameters were used in the work. To obtain the dependences of the coefficient of increase of the support surface area after the deployment of the support device on the length of the support projecting, the methods of mathematical modeling employing computer technology were used. Results. The analysis of the dependences of the coefficient of the support surface area increase after the deployment of the support device on the length of the support projecting showed that the use of the considered support devices enlarges the coefficient of increase of the support surface area from 1.9 with angular supports to 3.4 for Spider type support devices. Originality. It is proposed to consider the coefficient of increase of the support surface area, which enables to take into account the lengths and angles of the supports when determining the support surface area. Practical value. With the results of the study it is possible to choose the type of support device and its geometric parameters at the design stage which will

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The Usability of Social Software

Social Computing ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-984-7.ch088 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 1378-1388

Author(s):

Lorna Uden ◽

Alan Eardley

Keyword(s):

Web 2.0 ◽

Conceptual Framework ◽

Usability Evaluation ◽

Social Software ◽

Web 2.0 Technologies ◽

Software Usability ◽

Software Applications ◽

Web 2.0 Technology ◽

Different Types

Emergent Web 2.0 technologies and applications (such as blogs, wikis, podcasts, mashups, and folksonomies) present a range of opportunities and benefits and are increasingly used by people to interact with each other. Despite the growing popularity of social software, there is a lack of research on the usability of these tools. This chapter focuses on how users interact with Web 2.0 technology, discusses a conceptual framework for a usability evaluation of social software, describes the different types of social software applications, and offers guidelines for their usability evaluation. The argument advanced is that social software usability should be viewed as a set of principles and practices aimed to deliver more service-orientated Web 2.0-based applications.

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The Usability of Social Software

Handbook of Research on Social Interaction Technologies and Collaboration Software ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-368-5.ch050 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 574-584

Author(s):

Lorna Uden ◽

Alan Eardley

Keyword(s):

Web 2.0 ◽

Conceptual Framework ◽

Usability Evaluation ◽

Social Software ◽

Web 2.0 Technologies ◽

Software Usability ◽

Software Applications ◽

Web 2.0 Technology ◽

Different Types

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REUSABLE KNOWLEDGE-BASED COMPONENTS FOR BUILDING SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS: A KNOWLEDGE MODELLING APPROACH

International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering ◽

10.1142/s021819409900019x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 09 (03) ◽

pp. 297-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MARTÍN MOLINA ◽

JOSÉ L. SIERRA ◽

JOSÉ CUENA

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Engineering ◽

Direct Consequence ◽

Recent Experience ◽

Reusable Components ◽

Software Applications ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Reusable Component ◽

Different Types ◽

Programming Paradigms ◽

Modelling Approach

In computer science, different types of reusable components for building software applications were proposed as a direct consequence of the emergence of new software programming paradigms. The success of these components for building applications depends on factors such as the flexibility in their combination or the facility for their selection in centralised or distributed environments such as internet. In this article, we propose a general type of reusable component, called primitive of representation, inspired by a knowledge-based approach that can promote reusability. The proposal can be understood as a generalisation of existing partial solutions that is applicable to both software and knowledge engineering for the development of hybrid applications that integrate conventional and knowledge based techniques. The article presents the structure and use of the component and describes our recent experience in the development of real-world applications based on this approach.

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