scholarly journals Clozapine-resistant schizophrenia – non pharmacological augmentation methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-291
Author(s):  
Joanna Gałaszkiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Rębisz ◽  
Justyna Morylowska-Topolska ◽  
Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz ◽  
Gustaw Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Pubmed Database

AbstractClozapine is the drug of choice for drug-resistant schizophrenia, but despite its use, 30-40% patients fail to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects. In such situations, augmentation attempts are made by both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. To date, most of the work has been devoted to pharmacological strategies, much less to augemantation of clozapine with electroconvulsive therapy (C+ECT), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).Aim: The aim of the work is to present biological, non-pharmacological augmentation treatment methods with clozapine.Material and methods: A review of the literature on non-pharmacological augmentation treatment methods with clozapine was made. PubMed database was searched using key words: drug-resistant schizophrenia, clozapine, ECT, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation and time descriptors: 1980-2017.Results: Most studies on the possibility of increasing the efficacy of clozapine was devoted to combination therapy with clozapine + electric treatments. They have shown improved efficacy when using these two methods simultaneously from 37.5 to 100%. The only randomized trial so far has also confirmed the effectiveness of this procedure. Despite the described side effects of tachycardia or prolonged seizures, most studies indicate the safety and efficacy of combined use of clozapine and electroconvulsive therapy. Transcranial magnetic stimulation also appears to be a safe method in patients treated with clozapine. However, further research is needed before ECT can be included in standard TRS treatment algorithms. The data for combining transcranial electrical stimulation with clozapine, come only from descriptions of cases and need to be confirmed in controlled studies.Conclusions: The results of studies on the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of clozapine using biological non-pharmacological treatment methods indicate a potentially beneficial effect of this type of methods in breaking the super-resistance in schizophrenia. Combination of clozapine and ECT can be considered as the most recommended strategy among these treatment methods.

The Societal Hazards of Neuroenhancement Technologies

2018 ◽  
pp. 163-196
Author(s):  
Nils-Frederic Wagner ◽  
Jeffrey Robinson ◽  
Christine Wiebking
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Enhancement ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Enhancers ◽  
Emergent Technologies ◽  
Pharmacological Cognitive Enhancement

Using cognitive enhancement technology is becoming increasingly popular. In another paper, the authors argued that using pharmacological cognitive enhancers is detrimental to society, through promoting competitiveness over cooperation, by usurping personal and social identifies and thus changing our narrative and moral character. In this chapter, the authors seek to expand that argument by looking at an emerging technology that is rapidly gaining popularity, that of transcranial stimulation (TS). Here the authors explore TS via two major methods, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES). In this, the authors seek to demonstrate that artificial cognitive enhancement is detrimental to society. Furthermore, that the argument can be applied beyond the moral dubiousness of using pharmacological cognitive enhancement, but applied to new, emergent technologies as well. In other words, artificial cognitive enhancement regardless of the technology/medium is detrimental to society.

The Effects of TMS on Animal Models of Depression, β-Adrenergic Receptors, and Brain Monoamines

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Belmaker ◽  
Nimrod Grisaru ◽  
Dorit Ben-Shahar ◽  
Ehud Klein
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Brain Monoamines ◽  
Animal Models Of Depression ◽  
Β Adrenergic Receptors

AbstractIn initial studies using animal models of depression, we primarily focused on the similarities of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). However, our investigations show that TMS has its own, unique, potentially diagnostic and therapeutic effects, distinct from those of ECT. These effects need further exploration in animal and clinical studies.

scholarly journals Modern concepts of the pathogenesis of obesity and new approaches to its correction

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Oksana V. Logvinova ◽  
Alexandra G. Poydasheva ◽  
Ilya S. Bakulin ◽  
Olga V. Lagoda ◽  
Elena I. Kremneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Food Behavior ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Non Invasive

The present review considers modern concepts of the physiological mechanisms of the formation of food behavior in a norm at several levels, beginning with the cellular level and ending with the level of functional systems. Neuroimaging methods used for both the study of the pathophysiological foundations of eating disorders and for determining the target for neurostimulation techniques are described. Methods of non-invasive brain stimulation such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electrical stimulation, the mechanisms of their influence and aspects of safety of application are reviewed, the latest data on the results of studies on the use of the above methods in the therapy of obesity are summarized.

scholarly journals Modern concepts of the pathogenesis of obesity and new approaches to its correction

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Oksana Viktorovna Logvinova ◽  
Alexandra Georgievna Poydasheva ◽  
Ilya Sergeevich Bakulin ◽  
Olga Viktorovna Lagoda ◽  
Elena Igorevna Kremneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Food Behavior ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Non Invasive

The present review considers modern concepts of the physiological mechanisms of the formation of food behavior in a norm at several levels, beginning with the cellular level and ending with the level of functional systems. Neuroimaging methods used for both the study of the pathophysiological foundations of eating disorders and for determining the target for neurostimulation techniques are described. Methods of non-invasive brain stimulation such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electrical stimulation, the mechanisms of their influence and aspects of safety of application are reviewed, the latest data on the results of studies on the use of the above methods in the therapy of obesity are summarized.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a maintenance therapy strategy after electroconvulsive therapy: a conceptual review

2016 ◽  
Vol Ano 6 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Mercedes Jurema Oliveira Alves
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Therapy Strategy

O presente texto faz uma revisão das bases teóricas e dos estudos empíricos disponíveis sobre o uso da estimulação magnética transcraniana de repetição como estratégia terapêutica de manutenção após eletroconvulsoterapia. Há quadros psiquiátricos pouco responsivos a quaisquer tipos de tratamentos, inclusive à eletroconvulsoterapia. O texto mostra que a combinação das técnicas é promissora, porém mais estudos são necessários para se definir as indicações precisas e a eficácia em termos de sustentação da resposta terapêutica.

scholarly journals Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for peripartum depression: systematic review & meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyune June Lee ◽  
Sung Min Kim ◽  
Ji Yean Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Peripartum Depression

Abstract Background Peripartum depression is a common disorder with very high potential hazards for both the patients and their babies. The typical treatment options include antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy. However, these treatments do not ensure the safety of the fetus. Recently, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has emerged as a promising treatment for neuropathies as well as depression. Nevertheless, many studies excluded pregnant women. This systematic review was conducted to confirm whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was a suitable treatment option for peripartum depression. Methods We performed a systematic review that followed the PRISMA guidelines. We searched for studies in the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases published until the end of September 2020. Eleven studies were selected for the systematic review, and five studies were selected for quantitative synthesis. Data analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3 software. The effect size was analyzed using the standardized mean difference, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined by the generic inverse variance estimation method. Results The therapeutic effect size of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for peripartum depression was 1.394 (95% CI: 0.944–1.843), and the sensitivity analysis effect size was 1.074 (95% CI: 0.689–1.459), indicating a significant effect. The side effect size of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for peripartum depression was 0.346 (95% CI: 0.214–0.506), a meaningful result. There were no severe side effects to the mothers or fetuses. Conclusions From various perspectives, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can be considered an alternative treatment to treat peripartum depression to avoid exposure of fetuses to drugs and the severe side effects of electroconvulsive therapy. Further research is required to increase confidence in the results.

scholarly journals Sham transcranial magnetic stimulation using electrical stimulation of the scalp

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Mennemeier ◽  
William J. Triggs ◽  
Kenneth C. Chelette ◽  
A.J. Woods ◽  
Timothy A. Kimbrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of
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