Variable Capacitor Energy Harvesting Based on Polymer Dielectric and Composite Electrode

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hahn ◽  
Yujia Yang ◽  
Uwe Maaß ◽  
Leopold Georgi ◽  
Jörg Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Polymer Thin Film ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Conducting Phase ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Electrostatic Mems

Abstract This work focuses on a polymer based capacitive harvester which can be fabricated with help of roll-to-roll and low cost printing methods. In contrast to electrostatic MEMS based parallel plate transducers or dielectric elastomer systems here, the capacitance is varied as function of the mechanical load by changing of the top electrode area with help of an electrically conducting composite elastomer. In case of a composite elastomer electrode the maximum capacitance in compressed state does not only depend on the thickness and permitivity of the dielectric but first of all on the quality of the interface and the micro structure of the conducting phase in the composite electrode at the interface which was investigated by FEM Maxwell simulation. An equivalent circuit model is used to study the influence of the leakage current inside the dielectric and the bulk resistivity of the elastomer electrode. First experiments with state of the art polymer, thin film and novel printed dielectrics in contact with elastomer electrodes have been performed to prove the harvesting principle at low frequencies. Charges between 25 and 70 nAs per cm

Effect of Mixing Parameter on Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Black/Graphite/Epoxy Nanocomposite Using Taguchi Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Yusuf Zakaria ◽  
Hendra Suherman ◽  
Jaafar Sahari ◽  
Abu Bakar Sulong
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Conducting Phase ◽  
Electrical Percolation ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
Mixing Parameter

Polymer composite has attracted many researchers from various field of application due to its unique features and properties including light weight, low cost, ease to process and shaping and corrosion resistant [1-3]. Fillers is typically added to enhance the chemical and physical properties of polymers [4, 5]. One of the properties is the electrical conductivity. Carbon based filler such as graphite (G), carbon black (CB), carbon fibers (CF) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) has been extensively used to improve electrical properties of polymer composite [6-8]. Electrical properties of the composite can be explained from percolation theory which means electrical percolation in mixtures of electrically conducting and non-conducting materials [9]. The concentration of conducting phase must above the critical value called percolation threshold, in order for the material become electrically conductive [10].

scholarly journals Fabrication of Porous Silicon Based Humidity Sensing Elements on Paper

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tero Jalkanen ◽  
Anni Määttänen ◽  
Ermei Mäkilä ◽  
Jaani Tuura ◽  
Martti Kaasalainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Paper Substrate ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Silver Electrodes ◽  
Silicon Based

A roll-to-roll compatible fabrication process of porous silicon (pSi) based sensing elements for a real-time humidity monitoring is described. The sensing elements, consisting of printed interdigitated silver electrodes and a spray-coated pSi layer, were fabricated on a coated paper substrate by a two-step process. Capacitive and resistive responses of the sensing elements were examined under different concentrations of humidity. More than a three orders of magnitude reproducible decrease in resistance was measured when the relative humidity (RH) was increased from 0% to 90%. A relatively fast recovery without the need of any refreshing methods was observed with a change in RH. Humidity background signal and hysteresis arising from the paper substrate were dependent on the thickness of sensing pSi layer. Hysteresis in most optimal sensing element setup (a thick pSi layer) was still noticeable but not detrimental for the sensing. In addition to electrical characterization of sensing elements, thermal degradation and moisture adsorption properties of the paper substrate were examined in connection to the fabrication process of the silver electrodes and the moisture sensitivity of the paper. The results pave the way towards the development of low-cost humidity sensors which could be utilized, for example, in smart packaging applications or in smart cities to monitor the environment.

scholarly journals Lifetime Analysis of Rubber Gasket Composed of Methyl Vinyl Silicone Rubber with Low-Temperature Resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Young-Doo Kwon ◽  
Seong-Hwa Jun ◽  
Ji-Min Song
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Accelerated Life Test ◽  
Parameter Method ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Methyl Vinyl ◽  
Accelerated Life ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Lifetime Analysis

Most machines and instruments constantly require elastomeric materials like rubber for the purposes of shock absorption, noise attenuation, and sealing. The material properties and accurate lifetime prediction of rubber are closely related to the quality of machines, especially their durability and reliability. The properties of rubber-like elastomers are influenced by ambient conditions, such as temperature, environment, and mechanical load. Moreover, the initial properties of rubber gaskets must be sustained under working conditions to satisfy their required function. Because of its technical merits, as well as its low cost, the highly accelerated life test (HALT) is used by many researchers to predict the long-term lifetime of rubber materials. Methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) has recently been adopted to improve the lifetime of automobile radiator gaskets. A four-parameter method of determining the recovery ability of the gaskets was recently published, and two revised methods of obtaining the recovery were proposed for polyacrylate (ACM) rubber. The recovery rate curves for VMQ were acquired using the successive zooming genetic algorithm (SZGA). The gasket lifetime for the target recovery (60%) of a compressed gasket was computed somewhat differently depending on the selected regression model.

An Investigation onto Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Printing Plate of Multiple Functional Solid Line by Flexographic

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Maksud ◽  
Mohd Sallehuddin Yusof ◽  
M. Mahadi Abdul Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Line Width ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Printing Plate ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Printing Processes

Recently low cost production is vital to produce printed electronics by roll to roll manufacturing printing process like a flexographic. Flexographic has a high speed technique which commonly used for printing onto large area flexible substrates. However, the minimum feature sizes achieved with roll to roll printing processes, such as flexographic is in the range of fifty microns. The main contribution of this limitation is photopolymer flexographic plate unable to be produced finer micron range due to film that made by Laser Ablation Mask (LAMs) technology not sufficiently robust and consequently at micron ranges line will not be formed on the printing plate. Hence, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used instead of photopolymer. Printing trial had been conducted and multiple solid lines successfully printed for below fifty microns line width with no interference between two adjacent lines of the printed images.

scholarly journals Lead Oxide-Graphite Composite Electrode for pH Measurement

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Ranjan Nepal ◽  
Raja Ram Pradhananga
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Ph Measurement ◽  
Indicator Electrode ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Graphite Composite

Lead oxide-graphite composite electrode for pH measurement had been fabricated with different percentage of PbO2 in the composite. The proportions of lead oxide affected the sensitivity of the electrode. The electrode composed of 50% lead oxide and 50% graphite gave reproducible result and behaved in Nernstian manner with a potential gradient of -58.8±0.3 mV per unit change in pH. Metal ions such as iron (II), iron (III) and lead (II) interfered in the measurement of pH, while silver (I), copper (II), oxidizing agents such as dichromate and permanganate do not interfere. In absence of interfering ion, the lead oxide-graphite composite electrode could be used for the measurement of pH from 2 to 11. This electrode can also be used as an indicator electrode for acid base titrations. Low cost, quick response, easy to fabricate are some of the advantages of the lead oxide-graphite composite electrode. This electrode is also found to be sensitive to Pb2+ -ions and can be used as a Pb2+-ion sensor up to 10-4M.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12015  Nepal Journal of Science and TechnologyVol. 15, No.1 (2014) 61-66

Low cost stretchable carbon graphite composite electrode

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Su-Yong Nam ◽  
Shinyoung Kim ◽  
Se-Hoon Park ◽  
Hyun Jin Nam
Keyword(s):  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Graphite Composite

scholarly journals A SOLID Fe2O3-GRAPHITE COMPOSITE ELECTRODE FOR pH MEASUREMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Suchi Srivastava ◽  
Raja Ram Pradhananga
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Potential ◽  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ph Sensor ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Graphite Composite ◽  
Ph Response ◽  
Potentiometric Response ◽  
Unit Change ◽  
Oxidized Graphite

A solid Fe2O3-graphite composite electrode was prepared and investigated for use as a potentiometric pH sensor. The electrode was constructed by mixing iron (III) oxide, oxidized graphite and wax that was put over silver disc onto a polypropylene rod. The response of the electrode was investigated by measuring electrode potential as a function of pH.The effect of composition of the electrode material (Fe2O3 and oxidized graphite ration) on the electrode response was investigated. The electrode with 40% Fe2O3, 30% graphite and 30% wax by mass was found to give the best potentiometric response. This electrode behaves in Nernstian manner with a potentiometric gradient of 56.6±0.4 mV per unit change in pH at 25?C within the working range of pH 2-9.The electrode was also used for the end-point detection in potentiometric acid-base titrations and found to be an excellent electrode for pH-metric titration. The effect of oxidation of electrode on pH response was investigated by dipping electrode in 0.1N KMnO4, 1:1HNO3 and 0.1N Ce4+ solutions for different interval of time. This treatment of the electrode with oxidizing agents increased the standard electrode potential of the electrode however potential gradient per unit change in pH remains unaltered. Low cost, quick response and easy to prepare are the advantages of the iron oxide - graphite composite electrode as a pH sensor. However some metal ions and oxidising agents interfered in the determination of pH using this electrode which is the limitation of using these electrodes.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 44-47

scholarly journals The effect of plasma functionalization on the print performance and time stability of graphite nanoplatelet electrically conducting inks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Claypole ◽  
James Claypole ◽  
Tim Claypole ◽  
David Gethin ◽  
Liam Kilduff
Keyword(s):  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Graphite Nanoplatelets ◽  
Interparticle Interactions ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oscillatory Rheology ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Plasma Functionalization

Abstract Carbon-based pastes and inks are used extensively in a wide range of printed electronics because of their widespread availability, electrical conductivity and low cost. Overcoming the inherent tendency of the nano-carbon to agglomerate to form a stable dispersion is necessary if these inks are to be taken from the lab scale to industrial production. Plasma functionalization of graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) adds functional groups to their surface to improve their interaction with the polymer resin. This offers an attractive method to overcome these problems when creating next generation inks. Both dynamic and oscillatory rheology were used to evaluate the stability of inks made with different loadings of functionalized and unfunctionalized GNP in a thin resin, typical of a production ink. The rheology and the printability tests showed the same level of dispersion and electrical performance had been achieved with both functionalized and unfunctionalized GNPs. The unfunctionalized GNPs agglomerate to form larger, lower aspect particles, reducing interparticle interactions and particle–medium interactions. Over a 12-week period, the viscosity, shear thinning behavior and viscoelastic properties of the unfunctionalized GNP inks fell, with decreases in viscosity at 1.17 s−1 of 24, 30, 39% for the ϕ = 0.071, 0.098, 0.127 GNP suspensions, respectively. However, the rheological properties of the functionalized GNP suspensions remained stable as the GNPs interacted better with the polymer in the resin to create a steric barrier which prevented the GNPs from approaching close enough for van der Waals forces to be effective.

scholarly journals Highly Sensitive Non-Enzymatic Detection of Glucose at MWCNT-CuBTC Composite Electrode

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8419
Author(s):  
Adriana Remes ◽  
Florica Manea ◽  
Sorina Motoc (m. Ilies) ◽  
Anamaria Baciu ◽  
Elisabeta I. Szerb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Enzymatic Detection

A novel electrochemical glucose sensor was developed, based on a multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-copper-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (CuBTC)-epoxy composite electrode, named MWCNT-CuBTC. The electrode nanocomposite was prepared by a two-roll mill procedure and characterized morphostructurally by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The CuBTC formed defined crystals with a wide size distribution, which were well dispersed and embedded in the MWCNTs. Its electrical conductivity was determined by four-point probe contact (DC) conductivity measurements. The electroactive surface area, determined using cyclic voltammetry (CV), was found to be 6.9 times higher than the geometrical one. The results of the electrochemical measurements using CV, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), chronoamperometry (CA) and multiple pulse amperometry (MPA) showed that the MWCNT-CuBTC composite electrode displayed high electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of glucose and, as a consequence, very high sensitivity. The best sensitivity of 14,949 µAmM−1cm−1 was reached using MPA at the potential value of 0.6 V/SCE, which was much higher in comparison with other copper-based electrodes reported in the literature. The good analytical performance, low cost and simple preparation method make this novel electrode material promising for the development of an effective glucose sensor.

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