Effect of Mixing Parameter on Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Black/Graphite/Epoxy Nanocomposite Using Taguchi Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Yusuf Zakaria ◽  
Hendra Suherman ◽  
Jaafar Sahari ◽  
Abu Bakar Sulong
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Conducting Phase ◽  
Electrical Percolation ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
Mixing Parameter

Polymer composite has attracted many researchers from various field of application due to its unique features and properties including light weight, low cost, ease to process and shaping and corrosion resistant [1-3]. Fillers is typically added to enhance the chemical and physical properties of polymers [4, 5]. One of the properties is the electrical conductivity. Carbon based filler such as graphite (G), carbon black (CB), carbon fibers (CF) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) has been extensively used to improve electrical properties of polymer composite [6-8]. Electrical properties of the composite can be explained from percolation theory which means electrical percolation in mixtures of electrically conducting and non-conducting materials [9]. The concentration of conducting phase must above the critical value called percolation threshold, in order for the material become electrically conductive [10].

scholarly journals Role of Doping Agent Degree of Sulfonation and Casting Solvent on the Electrical Conductivity and Morphology of PEDOT:SPAES Thin Films

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Daniela Valeria Tomasino ◽  
Mario Wolf ◽  
Hermes Farina ◽  
Gianluca Chiarello ◽  
Armin Feldhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Doping Agent ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
First Time

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) plays a key role in the field of electrically conducting materials, despite its poor solubility and processability. Various molecules and polymers carrying sulfonic groups can be used to enhance PEDOT’s electrical conductivity. Among all, sulfonated polyarylether sulfone (SPAES), prepared via homogenous synthesis with controlled degree of sulfonation (DS), is a very promising PEDOT doping agent. In this work, PEDOT was synthesized via high-concentration solvent-based emulsion polymerization using 1% w/w of SPAES with different DS as dopant. It was found that the PEDOT:SPAESs obtained have improved solubility in the chosen reaction solvents, i.e., N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and, for the first time, the role of doping agent, DS and polymerization solvents were investigated analyzing the electrical properties of SPAESs and PEDOT:SPAES samples and studying the different morphology of PEDOT-based thin films. High DS of SPAES, i.e., 2.4 meq R-SO3−× g−1 of polymer, proved crucial in enhancing PEDOT’s electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the DMSO capability to favor PEDOT and SPAES chains rearrangement and interaction results in the formation of a polymer film with more homogenous morphology and higher conductivity than the ones prepared from DMAc, DMF, and NMP.

Electrical conductivity and rheological properties of carbon black based conductive polymer composites prior to and after annealing

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110012
Author(s):  
Qingsen Gao ◽  
Jingguang Liu ◽  
Xianhu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Percolation Threshold ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Electrical Percolation ◽  
Electrical Percolation Threshold

The effect of annealing on the electrical and rheological properties of polymer (poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS)) composites filled with carbon black (CB) was investigated. For a composite with CB content near the electrical percolation threshold, the formation of conductive pathways during annealing has a significant impact on electrical conductivity, complex viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus. For the annealed samples, a reduction in the electrical and rheological percolation threshold was observed. Moreover, a simple model is proposed to explain these behaviors. This finding emphasizes the differences in network formation with respect to electrical or rheological properties as both properties belong to different physical origins.

scholarly journals Electrical percolation in extrinsically conducting, poly(ε-decalactone) composite neural interface materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Krukiewicz ◽  
James Britton ◽  
Daria Więcławska ◽  
Małgorzata Skorupa ◽  
Jorge Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Electrical Percolation ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Biomedical Device ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
Polyester Matrix ◽  
Electrical Percolation Threshold

AbstractBy providing a bidirectional communication channel between neural tissues and a biomedical device, it is envisaged that neural interfaces will be fundamental in the future diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. Due to the mechanical mismatch between neural tissue and metallic neural electrodes, soft electrically conducting materials are of great benefit in promoting chronic device functionality. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNT), silver nanowires (AgNW) and poly(hydroxymethyl 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) microspheres (MSP) were employed as conducting fillers within a poly(ε-decalactone) (EDL) matrix, to form a soft and electrically conducting composite. The effect of a filler type on the electrical percolation threshold, and composite biocompatibility was investigated in vitro. EDL-based composites exhibited favourable electrochemical characteristics: EDL/CNT—the lowest film resistance (1.2 ± 0.3 kΩ), EDL/AgNW—the highest charge storage capacity (10.7 ± 0.3 mC cm− 2), and EDL/MSP—the highest interphase capacitance (1478.4 ± 92.4 µF cm−2). All investigated composite surfaces were found to be biocompatible, and to reduce the presence of reactive astrocytes relative to control electrodes. The results of this work clearly demonstrated the ability of high aspect ratio structures to form an extended percolation network within a polyester matrix, resulting in the formulation of composites with advantageous mechanical, electrochemical and biocompatibility properties.

scholarly journals Development of Coffee Biochar Filler for the Production of Electrical Conductive Reinforced Plastic

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Giorcelli ◽  
Mattia Bartoli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Powder Form ◽  
Coffee Waste ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Epoxy Resin Composites

In this work we focused our attention on an innovative use of food residual biomasses. In particular, we produced biochar from coffee waste and used it as filler in epoxy resin composites with the aim to increase their electrical properties. Electrical conductivity was studied for the biochar and biochar-based composite in function of pressure applied. The results obtained were compared with carbon black and carbon black composites. We demonstrated that, even if the coffee biochar had less conductivity compared with carbon black in powder form, it created composites with better conductivity in comparison with carbon black composites. In addition, composite mechanical properties were tested and they generally improved with respect to neat epoxy resin.

Variable Capacitor Energy Harvesting Based on Polymer Dielectric and Composite Electrode

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hahn ◽  
Yujia Yang ◽  
Uwe Maaß ◽  
Leopold Georgi ◽  
Jörg Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Polymer Thin Film ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Conducting Phase ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Electrostatic Mems

Abstract This work focuses on a polymer based capacitive harvester which can be fabricated with help of roll-to-roll and low cost printing methods. In contrast to electrostatic MEMS based parallel plate transducers or dielectric elastomer systems here, the capacitance is varied as function of the mechanical load by changing of the top electrode area with help of an electrically conducting composite elastomer. In case of a composite elastomer electrode the maximum capacitance in compressed state does not only depend on the thickness and permitivity of the dielectric but first of all on the quality of the interface and the micro structure of the conducting phase in the composite electrode at the interface which was investigated by FEM Maxwell simulation. An equivalent circuit model is used to study the influence of the leakage current inside the dielectric and the bulk resistivity of the elastomer electrode. First experiments with state of the art polymer, thin film and novel printed dielectrics in contact with elastomer electrodes have been performed to prove the harvesting principle at low frequencies. Charges between 25 and 70 nAs per cm

scholarly journals Thermal, Morphological, Electrical Properties and Touch-Sensor Application of Conductive Carbon Black-Filled Polyamide Composites

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3103
Author(s):  
Valentina Brunella ◽  
Beatrice Gaia Rossatto ◽  
Domenica Scarano ◽  
Federico Cesano
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Polyamide 66 ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Carbon Filler ◽  
Conductive Composites

Polyamide 66 (PA66) is a well-known engineering thermoplastic polymer, primarily employed in polymer composites with fillers and additives of different nature and dimensionality (1D, 2D and 3D) used as alternatives to metals in various technological applications. In this work, carbon black (CB), a conductive nanofiller, was used to reinforce the PA66 polymer in the 9–27 wt. % CB loading range. The reason for choosing CB was intrinsically associated with its nature: a nanostructured carbon filler, whose agglomeration characteristics affect the electrical properties of the polymer composites. Crystallinity, phase composition, thermal behaviour, morphology, microstructure, and electrical conductivity, which are all properties engendered by nanofiller dispersion in the polymer, were investigated using thermal analyses (thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry), microscopies (scanning electron and atomic force microscopies), and electrical conductivity measurements. Interestingly, direct current (DC) electrical measurements and conductive-AFM mapping through the samples enable visualization of the percolation paths and the ability of CB nanoparticles to form aggregates that work as conductive electrical pathways beyond the electrical percolation threshold. This finding provides the opportunities to investigate the degree of filler dispersion occurring during the transformation processes, while the results of the electrical properties also contribute to enabling the use of such conductive composites in sensor and device applications. In this regard, the results presented in this paper provide evidence that conductive carbon-filled polymer composites can work as touch sensors when they are connected with conventional low-power electronics and controlled by inexpensive and commercially available microcontrollers.

Electrical Properties Investigation of Unsaturated Polyester Resin with Carbon Black as Fillers

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Revati ◽  
S. Yahud ◽  
M.S. Abdul Majid
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester Resin ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Lcr Meter ◽  
Conducting Polymer Composites

In this paper, conducting polymer composites were prepared by adding different percentage of carbon black (2, 4, 6 and 8)% to unsaturated polyester resin. Hence, this project focuses on two types of carbon black which is commercially available that is activated carbon black and carbon black produced internally from water hyacinth. Their effect on the electrical properties of the polyester compositewas analyzed. The A.C. electrical conductivity of the polyester composite was studied using Precision LCR meter. The A.C. electrical conductivity of polyester-carbon black composite has been investigated at a frequency ranging from 50 Hz to 1 MHz. The result showed that the electrical conductivity ofthe composite was changing with different concentration of carbon black. It has been observed that the electrical conductivity of the composite is frequency dependent and increases with increasing percentage of carbon black fillers in the polyester composite.

Effect of Carbon Black Surface Treatment on the AC Electrical Properties of PP-Based Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 182-189
Author(s):  
Nai Xiu Ding ◽  
Li Li Wang ◽  
Pei Yan Zuo ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Guang Ye Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Conduction Mechanism ◽  
Conduction Model ◽  
Conductive Composites ◽  
Carbon Black Surface ◽  
Black Surface ◽  
Ac Electrical Properties ◽  
Ac Conduction

Carbon black was first activated by grafting and coupling respectively. Then the grafted carbon black, coupled carbon black, together with the unmodified carbon black was filled into polypropylene to prepare three kinds of composites respectively. The measurements of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and alternating current (AC) electrical properties were performed on the composites. And the effect of CB activation on the AC electrical properties was analyzed. Seen from the result of FTIR spectra it can be found that different groups are bonded to the surface of carbon black after activation. For the corresponding conductive composites,it was found that the value of percolation threshold decreases and the electrical conductivity improves consequently after the carbon black activation. The influence of carbon black activation on the AC electrical properties of the composites and their variation with frequency was analyzed. The AC conduction mechanism was discussed and the conduction model was constructed based on the analysis.

scholarly journals Effect of polyamide 6 on the morphology and electrical conductivity of carbon black-filled polypropylene composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 170769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuewei Zhang ◽  
Jiang Liu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Wei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Surface Resistivity ◽  
Electric Industry ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Electrical Percolation ◽  
Double Percolation

Carbon black (CB)-filled polypropylene (PP) with surface resistivity between 10 6 and 10 9  Ω sq −1 is the ideal antistatic plastic material in the electronics and electric industry. However, a large amount of CB may have an adverse effect on the mechanical properties and processing performance of the material, thus an improved ternary system is developed. Blends of CB-filled PP and polyamide 6 (PA6) have been prepared by melt blending in order to obtain electrically conductive polymer composites with a low electrical percolation threshold based on the concept of double percolation. The morphological developments of these composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that CB particles were selectively dispersed in PA6 phases due to the good interaction and interfacial adhesion between CB and PA6. At the same CB loadings, the surface resistivity of PP/PA6/CB composite was smaller than that of PP/CB composite system, which indicated the better conductivity in the former composite. The increasing amount of PA6 in the composites changed the morphology from a typical sea–island morphology to a co-continuous morphology. What is more, with 8 wt% of CB and PP/PA6 phase ratio of 70/30 in which the PP and PA6 phases formed a co-continuous structure, the electrical conductivity of the composite peaked at 2.01 × 10 5  Ω sq −1 .

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