scholarly journals Evaluation of the risk of diffuse pollution of groundwater by nitrogen substances from agricultural land use as background for allocation of effective measures

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoslav Bujnovský ◽  
Peter Malík ◽  
Jaromír Švasta
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diffuse Pollution ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Winter Half ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Two Parameters

Abstract The risk of diffuse pollution of groundwater by nitrogen substances from agricultural land is perceived as a result of the interaction of groundwater vulnerability (determined by the characteristics of the environment overlying groundwater in relation to water transport or soil solution) and loading of overlying environment by nitrogen. Index of groundwater vulnerability was assessed on the basis of four parameters, namely, the amount of effective rainfall in the period from October to March, the capacity of soil to accumulate water, the average depth of the groundwater table and the permeability of the rock environment. Assessment of the index of loading of overlying environment by nitrogen was based on two parameters, namely, nitrogen balance and crop cover on agricultural land in the winter half on districts level in 2012, which corresponds with current state of the load. The resulting risk of groundwater pollution by nitrogen was expressed by the formula counting with the transformed values of groundwater vulnerability index and the index of loading of overlying environment by nitrogen. From practical point of view, the above mentioned indexes, as well as the subsequent risk of diffuse groundwater pollution, were spatially expressed via three associated categories. Based on the evaluation of relevant parameters, 5.18% of agricultural land falls into the category of very high and high risk, 42.20% in the medium risk category and 52.62% in the category of low and very low risk of diffuse pollution of groundwater by nitrogen from agricultural land.

Vulnerability assessment of groundwater pollution in the vicinity of an active dumpsite (Olusosun), Lagos, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Groundwater Pollution ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Groundwater Protection ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Groundwater Samples

The deleterious impacts of dumpsite activities and the associated risk on both theenvironment and human is consequential, hence this study assessedgroundwater vulnerability to pollution from dumpsite using a modified DRASTICmodel. Six hydrogeological factors: D- Depth to water, R- Net Recharge, AAquifermedia, L- Distance of well to dumpsite, T- Topography, and C- Claycontent were used in the modification (DRALTC) based on peculiarity of thestudy area. Cluster analysis of groundwater data and Water Quality Index (WQI)were also evaluated. The groundwater vulnerability index was characterized bytwo zones; forty five percent (45%) moderate and fifty five percent (55%) highzones. The dendogram showed three clusters of chemical dissimilarities. TheWQI showed values between 61.8 and 205, indicating good, poor and very poorclass of water. The analysis of the groundwater samples showed nitrateconcentration ranging from 7.60 to 35.6 mg/L and from 8.56 to 32.4 mg/L in dryand rainy seasons, respectively. The DRALTC model was validated using nitrateconcentration. Though, there appeared relative groundwater protection fromcontamination, there is still need for measures to mitigate further contaminationand associated risk in the moderate vulnerability zones. DRALTC model is proveda good tool in groundwater management.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability Using Lulc Map and DRASTIC Technique in Bahr AL-Najaf Area, Middle of Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ali Al-Aboodi ◽  
Zaid Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Groundwater Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Thematic Mapper ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Water Vulnerability ◽  
Modified Drastic ◽  
Suitable Technique

Groundwater is the greatest significant source of water in the Bahr Al-Najaf area. In this research the DRASTIC technique has been utilized, to produce a map of ground water vulnerability for the area. Because of the relation between LULC (Land Use and Land Cover) and groundwater pollution, the LULC map was applied with the standard DRASTIC technique to confirm accuracy of vulnerability for pollution. A LULC map is extracted from Enhanced Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite imagery utilizing several methods in GIS. The LULC map shows that three portions of LULC can be recognized (Agricultural land, Wet land and Barren land). The LULC map was weighted and rated then changed to LULC index map. That index map is a supplementary factor that was combined to the standard DRASTIC technique to modify DRASTIC vulnerability in study area. The final vulnerability was obtained by the DRASTIC technique that varies from (70 to 140). The LULC index map as a modified DRASTIC with ranging of (95-175). The modified LULC of DRASTIC technique has a higher correlation (Pearson’s factor) 0.87 per concentration of nitrate values and is suggested as the best suitable technique to be utilized for the area of study.

scholarly journals Assessment of agricultural land plots using a risk-based approach based on geoinformation technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Elena Bondar ◽  
Andrey Skripchinsky ◽  
Yuri Burym ◽  
Victoria Movsesova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Geoinformation Technologies ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
The Republic

The risk-based approach in the control and supervisory activities in the field of land use remains relevant despite significant experience in this area. Since the issues related to the interaction of the branches of supervisory and control bodies from the federal to the municipal level have not yet been resolved. There are no uniform criteria for assigning objects to a particular risk group, considering regional conditions. To analyze the performance of the Rosselkhoznadzor (the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance) in the field of agricultural land assessment for the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia, geoinformation technologies were used, which made it possible to give an objective assessment of the effectiveness of the risk-based approach system. Four hundred seventy eight land plots were identified, most of them belongs to land plots that are not classified as medium or moderate risk (68.6 %), about 28 % of all plots are considered as moderate risk, and 3.1 % of land plots are classified as medium risk. Using publicly available sources of information, a land plots database was created with the definition of the risk category. A geoinformation model of the density of land plots (heat map) is constructed using the QGIS software. The thematic maps created made it possible to identify the features of land plots with medium and moderate risk categories. The main feature of the risk-based approach is the absence of land plots subject to routine inspection in the forest zone, foothill subalpine and high-altitude subalpine and alpine meadows, Karachay-Cherkessia Republic, where there are two natural biosphere reserves and many protected natural areas of regional significance. A small number of inspected land plots were also identified within the boundries of specially protected ecological and resort region of the Russian Federation, Caucasian Mineral Waters, which is geographically located in the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic.

scholarly journals Application of Aquifer Vulnerability Index (AVI) method to assess groundwater vulnerability to contamination in Semarang urban area

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 01036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Triadi Putranto ◽  
Narulita Santi ◽  
Dian Agus Widiarso ◽  
Dimas Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Aquifer Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Map ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Sediment Layers ◽  
Sedimentary Layer

An approach to assess groundwater to contamination is developing groundwater vulnerability map. Groundwater vulnerability is formulated as an intrinsic relative, the dimensionless property of a groundwater system that depends on its sensitivity to unfavourable human and natural impacts. Thus, to assess groundwater vulnerability to contamination in Semarang urban area is the objective of this research by using Aquifer Vulnerability Index (AVI). This method considered of two parameters related to the unsaturated zone, i.e. thickness (d) of each sedimentary layer in the unsaturated zone and Estimated hydraulic conductivity (K) of these sedimentary layers. There are five levels of groundwater vulnerability by using AVI method, i.e. extremely low, low, moderate/medium, high, and extremely high. The thinner the layer covers the aquifer, and the higher the value of the hydraulic conductivity of sediment layers will be increasingly vulnerable to pollution.

scholarly journals Chemical and Phytocoenological Characteristics of Two Different Slovak Peatlands

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1290
Author(s):  
Danica Fazekašová ◽  
Gabriela Barančíková ◽  
Juraj Fazekaš ◽  
Lenka Štofejová ◽  
Ján Halas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Chemical Parameters

This paper presents the results of pedological and phytocoenological research focused on the detailed research of chemical parameters (pH, organic carbon, and nutrients), risk elements (As-metalloid, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and species composition of the vegetation of two different peatlands on the territory of Slovakia—Belianske Lúky (a fen) and Rudné (a bog). Sampling points were selected to characterize the profile of the organosol within the peatland, the soil profile between the peatland and the agricultural land, and the soil profile of the outlying agricultural land, which is used as permanent grassland. Based on phytocoenological records, a semi-quantitative analysis of taxa in accordance with the Braun–Blanquet scale was performed. The study revealed that the thickness of the peat horizon of the fen in comparison with the bog is very low. In terms of the quality of organic matter, the monitored peatlands are dominated by fresh plant residues such as cellulose and lignin. Differences between individual types of peatlands were also found in the soil reaction and the supply of nitrogen to the organic matter of peat. The values of the soil exchange reaction were neutral on the fen, as well as slightly alkaline but extremely low on the bog. A significantly higher nitrogen supply was found in the organic matter of the fen in contrast to the bog. At the same time, extremely low content of accessible P and an above-limit content of As in the surface horizons were also found on the fen. From the phytocoenological point of view, 22 plant species were identified on the fen, while only five species were identified on the bog, which also affected the higher diversity (H’) and equitability (e). The results of the statistical testing confirmed the diversity of the studied peatlands and the different impact of environmental variables on plant diversity.

scholarly journals Integrating hydrogeological and second-order geo-electric indices in groundwater vulnerability mapping: A case study of alluvial environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyakno Jimmy George
Keyword(s):  
Protective Layer ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Aquifer Vulnerability ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping ◽  
Longitudinal Unit Conductance ◽  
S Model

AbstractAVI (Aquifer vulnerability index), GOD (groundwater occurrence, overlying lithology and depth to the aquifer), GLSI (geo-electric layer susceptibility indexing) and S (longitudinal unit conductance) models were used to assess economically exploitable groundwater resource in the coastal environment of Akwa Ibom State, southern Nigeria. The models were employed in order to delineate groundwater into its category of vulnerability to contamination sources using the first- and second-order geo-electric indices as well as hydrogeological inputs. Vertical electrical sounding technique employing Schlumberger electrode configuration was carried out in 16 locations, close to logged boreholes with known aquifer core samples. Primary or first-order geo-electric indices (resistivity, thickness and depth) measured were used to determine S. The estimated aquifer hydraulic conductivity, K, calculated from grain size diameter and water resistivity values were used to calculate hydraulic resistance (C) used to estimate AVI. With the indices assigned to geo-electric parameters on the basis of their influences, GOD and FSLI were calculated using appropriate equations. The geologic sequence in the study area consists of geo-electric layers ranging from motley topsoil, argillites (clayey to fine sands) and arenites (medium to gravelly sands). Geo-electric parametric indices of aquifer overlying layers across the survey area were utilized to weigh the vulnerability of the underlying water-bearing resource to the contaminations from surface and near-surface, using vulnerability maps created. Geo-electrically derived model maps reflecting AVI, BOD, FLSI and S were compared to assess their conformity to the degree of predictability of groundwater vulnerability. The AVI model map shows range of values of log C ( −3.46—0.07) generally less than unity and hence indicating high vulnerability. GOD model tomographic map displays a range of 0.1–0.3, indicating that the aquifer with depth range of 20.5 to 113.1 m or mean depth of 72. 3 m is lowly susceptible to surface and near-surface impurities. Again, the FLSI map displays a range of FLSI index of 1.25 to 2.75, alluding that the aquifer underlying the protective layer has a low to moderate vulnerability. The S model has values ranging from 0.013 to 0.991S. As the map indicates, a fractional portion of the aquifer at the western (Ikot Abasi) part of the study area has moderate to good protection (moderate vulnerability) while weak to poor aquifer protection (high vulnerability) has poor protection. The S model in this analysis seems to overstate the degree of susceptibility to contamination than the AVI, GOD and GLSI models. From the models, the categorization of severity of aquifer vulnerability to contaminations is relatively location-dependent and can be assessed through the model tomographic maps generated.

Application of a GIS-based DRASTIC model and groundwater quality index method for evaluation of groundwater vulnerability: a case study, Sefid-Dasht

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastaran Khodabakhshi ◽  
Gholamreza Asadollahfardi ◽  
Nima Heidarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Aquifer Vulnerability ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Drastic Model ◽  
Groundwater Quality Index ◽  
The North

Pollution control and removal of pollutants from groundwater are a challenging and expensive task. The aims of this paper are to determine the aquifer vulnerability of Sefid-Dasht, in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran, using the DRASTIC model. In addition, the groundwater quality index (GQI) technique was applied to assess the groundwater quality and study the spatial variability of major ion concentrations using a geographic information system (GIS). The vulnerability index ranged from 65 to 132, classified into two classes: low and moderate vulnerability. In the southern part of the aquifer, the vulnerability was moderate. Furthermore, the results indicate that the magnitude of the GQI index varies from 92% to 95%. This means the water has a suitable quality. However, from the north to the south and southwest of the aquifer, the water quality has been deteriorating, and the highest concentration of major ions was found in the southwest of the Sefid-Dasht aquifer. A comparison of the vulnerability maps with the GQI index map indicated a poor relation between them. In the DRASTIC method, movement of groundwater is not considered and may be the reason for such inconsistency. However, the movement of groundwater can transport contaminants.

scholarly journals Radioecological assessment of forage agricultural land in the southwestern areas of the Bryansk region based on a set of statistical models

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
S.I. Spiridonov ◽  
◽  
V.V. Ivanov ◽  
I.E. Titov ◽  
V.E. Nushtaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Content Standards ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
137Cs Content ◽  
Wide Range

This paper presents a radioecological assessment of forage agricultural land in the southwestern districts of the Bryansk region based on data characterizing the variability of the radionuclides content in the soil. Concentration of 137Cs in forage was calculated taking into account the proba-bility distributions of 137Cs soil contamination density and the soil to plant transfer factor. The pro-cessing data of the radioecological survey has shown the soil contamination density with 137Cs of agricultural lands in the southwestern areas of the Bryansk region obeys a lognormal law. The authors have used statistical models and software modules for the radioecological assessment of forage lands. Risks of exceeding the 137Cs content standards in forage obtained on soils with different texture have been calculated. The limiting levels of contamination of pastures and hay-fields with 137Cs, ensuring compliance with the specified risks for forage, have been estimated. The lowest limiting soil contamination density is characteristic of organic soils, which can be con-sidered “critical” from the point of view of 137Cs intake into forage. The authors have predicted the time of remediation of forage lands in the southwestern districts of the Bryansk region in the ab-sence of protective measures based on a probabilistic approach. The time period during which the risk of forage contamination for sandy, sandy loam and clay loam soils will decrease to 10% varies for the areas under consideration in a wide range, not exceeding 64 years. It is concluded that it is advisable to substantiate the value of the acceptable risk of forage contamination, taking into account radiological and socio-economic aspects.

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