scholarly journals The Emergent Adult: Transition from School to Work

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Sergiu-Lucian Raiu
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Adult Transition ◽  
Independent Life

AbstractThis article approaches the topic of the emerging adulthood with young people in Romania, as well as the beginning of the first work experience. The main aim is to identify the factors of a successful transition from school to independent life. The article examines the social status and the issues the young people in Romania face with regard to the transition from education to employment. The data type longitudinal panel study refers to the cohort of young people born in 1994-1995, the generation which graduated from the 12th or 13th class in 2012. We answer the question „Which are the factors that determine the first work experience for Romanian young people and what does this look like?” Half of the young people have work experience - 50.1%, with 25.2% working at the time they filled in the questionnaires, two years after graduation. Employment is explained to an extent of 1% by gender and area of residence, 4% by factors of social exclusion and 1% by factors related to negative life events. All these factors explain the variance of 6% in the employment of young people. Linear regression analysis (hierarchical) showed that social inclusion factors have the greatest effect on employment, with 4% of employment variance explained by social exclusion factors, while the influence of the demographic variables, factors of social exclusion and factors related to negative life events explain 6% of the youth employment variance.

scholarly journals Trayectorias de empleabilidad de los jóvenes que abandonan el sistema de protección

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3 Noviembr) ◽  
pp. 485-504
Author(s):  
Estefanía Alonso Bello ◽  
Lidia E. Santana Vega ◽  
Luis Feliciano García
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Job Placement ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
El Sistema

Las trayectorias de empleabilidad de los jóvenes que salen del sistema de protección se ven condicionadas por su situación de exclusión social. Nuestra investigación persigue: a) analizar las trayectorias de los jóvenes extutelados y b) examinar cómo sus experiencias vitales y laborales influyen en su situación de exclusión. Se realizó un estudio de casos múltiples con cuatro jóvenes inmigrantes y tres nacionales. La selección de los casos tuvo en cuenta: a) haber estado acogido al sistema de protección, b) haber pasado un mínimo de 6 meses en un programa de inserción laboral, c) haber transcurrido 6 años después de finalizar el proyecto de inserción. En el estudio se utilizaron entrevistas, planes de inserción, fichas de trabajo, diarios de campo y registros de control para triangular la información y dar credibilidad a los resultados. Los resultados señalan que: 1) Los jóvenes valoran positivamente el apoyo en el proceso de transición al mercado laboral; b) la inserción social y la salida de la situación de exclusión son más factibles con metas claras y un proyecto de vida definido; 3) la escasa formación y experiencia laboral obstaculizan la adquisición y consolidación de competencias de empleabilidad. Los programas de inserción sociolaboral deben fomentar: a) el análisis de los proyectos de vida, b) la ampliación de las redes de apoyo, y c) el diseño de planes de empleo con apoyo. Employability trajectories of young people leaving protection systems are conditioned by their situation of social exclusion. The objectives of this study are: a) to analyse the trajectories of young people leaving public protection systems and b) to analyse how their lives and work experiences affect their social exclusion. A multiple case study was conducted. Four young immigrants and three young nationals participated in the study. The participants were selected on the basis of three criteria: a) they should have lived in residential care institutions, b) they should have been in a job placement program for at least 6 months, c) 6 years should have passed since the end of their job placement program. The data were collected using interviews, insertion plans, worksheets, field notes, control records; this allowed the triangulation of the information and gave the results credibility. The results indicate that: 1) young people value positively the support provided in the transition to the labour market; 2) social inclusion and leaving a situation of exclusion are more feasible with clear goals and a well defined life project; 3) poor training and work experience hinder the acquisition and consolidation of employability skills. Labour integration programs should promote: a) the analysis of life projects, b) the expansion of support networks and c) the design of supported employment plans.

scholarly journals Genetic moderation of environmental risk for depression and anxiety in adolescent girls

2001 ◽  
Vol 179 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Silberg ◽  
Michael Rutter ◽  
Michael Neale ◽  
Lindon Eaves
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Significant Gene ◽  
Independent Life

BackgroundThere is huge individual variation in people's response to negative life events.AimsTo test the hypothesis that genetic factors moderate susceptibility to the environmentally mediated risks associated with negative life events.MethodThe Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development (VTSABD) was used to study the effects of independent life events (assessed from maternal interview) on depression/anxiety (assessed from child interview) in 184 same-gender female twin pairs, aged 14–17 years, measured on two occasions.ResultsThere was no genetic effect on the independent negative life events studied. A significant gene–environment interaction was found using structural equation modelling. There was no effect of independent life events on adolescents' depression in the absence of parental emotional disorder, but a significant effect in its presence.ConclusionsThere is an environmentally mediated effect of life events on depression/anxiety. Genetic factors play a significant role in individual differences in susceptibility to these environmentally mediated risks.

scholarly journals Preventing School and Social Exclusion: A French–British Comparative Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
European Countries ◽  
School Level ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Initial Results

Statistics in European countries show the same trends, for example: social inclusion depends on inclusion in education, training or employment, and life chances are greatly improved if the level of qualifications is high; in all European countries, economic growth still leads to the existence of ‘pockets’ of poverty and economic and social relegation. The schools whose students get results below the national average are located in such areas. Nevertheless, educational policies for addressing disaffected young people in European countries are different, as they are linked with choices made among the European paradigms of social exclusion and models of schooling. This article extends the findings from a comparative study for which Professors Carl Parsons and Danielle Zay were responsible in the European Interreg programme. Research teams in France and England included academics and practitioners in two disadvantaged regions, Nord Pas-de-Calais on the French side and Kent on the English side. The study aimed to find practices and strategies likely to help disaffected young people. The comparative approach was worthwhile since the two countries represent opposing perspectives on exclusion and its prevention at school level among the European paradigms. The English and French teams' approach was drawn from the same theoretical background, the same paradigm of school and social exclusion. The starting question which articulates the others was: How can schools deal with problems which come from elsewhere? This article introduces the results of this collaborative inquiry, addressing both the schools' staff and young people in schools, many of whom were dropping in and out of school. It was these initial results that prompted us to submit a new Interreg project as a development from the previous one.

scholarly journals Does the person’s context influence engagement in life activities following primary knee replacement? Results from a Canadian prospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e015737
Author(s):  
Aileen M Davis ◽  
Viji Venkataramanan ◽  
Jessica Bytautas-Sillanpää ◽  
Anthony V Perruccio ◽  
Rosalind Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Joint Replacement ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Negative Life Event ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThe impact of the context of a person’s life on recovery from surgical interventions is not well understood. This study evaluated if people’s social, environmental and biomedical context was associated with change in frequency in engagement in life activities after total knee replacement (TKR).Methods418 people aged 30+ years who had TKR were followed presurgery to 1 year postsurgery. The outcome was change in frequency in engagement in life activities measured by the Late Life Disability Index (LLDI). Predictor variables of interest evaluated in multivariable linear regression analysis were positive and negative life events (Life Experiences Survey), development of a new comorbidity, another joint replacement and complications after TKR surgery.ResultsMean age was 65 years, 36% were male; 22% and 21% had no comorbidity presurgery and postsurgery. Presurgery LLDI frequency was 69.6 (±11.4) and the mean change was 6.1 (±10.2). Thirty-four per cent and 65% reported at least one positive or negative life event. Seven per cent developed hypertension, 6% cardiovascular disease, 2% lung disease and 2% diabetes. Eleven per cent had a complication and 9% another hip or knee replaced. Smaller changes in LLDI frequency were associated with more negative life events (beta=−0.56; 95% CI −0.92 to−0.18) and complications (beta=−4.01; 95% CI −6.63 to –1.38) after adjusting for age, sex, education, body mass index, comorbidities presurgery, number of symptomatic joints and knee-specific pain and function, LLDI limitations and depression. A new comorbidity or another joint replacement was not associated with outcome in unadjusted or adjusted analysis.ConclusionsMultifaceted life experiences shape the context of peoples’ lives impacting their engagement in activities important for healthy living post-TKR.

Alternative care practices in child welfare institutions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyuan Shang ◽  
Karen R. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Alternative Care ◽  
Welfare Institutions ◽  
Care Policies ◽  
Policies And Practices

This chapter presents the alternative care policies in the research cities — Beijing, Taiyuan, Datong, Urumqi, and Nanning. The institutions' policies and practices during the children's childhood and when they reach late teenage years affect the quality of the transition of young people out of care, such as whether they are required to leave, are supported to leave, have the capacity to leave and understand the benefits of leaving. The policies and practices affect the expectations and capacity of young people to achieve social inclusion in their young adulthood and to experience their rights to transition towards independent living in the same way as their peers in their communities, as well as support them to avoid the risks of social exclusion.

Negative Life Events Associated With Deliberate Self-Harm in an African Population in Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kinyanda ◽  
H. Hjelmeland ◽  
S. Musisi
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Suicide Interventions

Abstract. Negative life events associated with deliberate self-harm (DSH) were investigated in an African context in Uganda. Patients admitted at three general hospitals in Kampala, Uganda were interviewed using a Luganda version (predominant language in the study area) of the European Parasuicide Study Interview Schedule I. The results of the life events and histories module are reported in this paper. The categories of negative life events in childhood that were significantly associated with DSH included those related to parents, significant others, personal events, and the total negative life events load in childhood. For the later-life time period, the negative life events load in the partner category and the total negative life events in this time period were associated with DSH. In the last-year time period, the negative life events load related to personal events and the total number of negative life events in this time period were associated with DSH. A statistically significant difference between the cases and controls for the total number of negative life events reported over the entire lifetime of the respondents was also observed, which suggests a dose effect of negative life events on DSH. Gender differences were also observed among the cases. In conclusion, life events appear to be an important factor in DSH in this cultural environment. The implication of these results for treatment and the future development of suicide interventions in this country are discussed.

Spirituality in Relation to Negative Life Events, Coping, and Traumatic Impact

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary Van Horn ◽  
Marcia Webb ◽  
Sarah A. Chickering ◽  
Kristin Hedden ◽  
Amelia Jane Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Traumatic Impact

Changing patterns of migration to Australia's Northern Territory: Evidence of new forms of escalator migration to frontier regions?

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Martel ◽  
Andrew Taylor ◽  
Dean Carson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Career Advancement ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
New Perspective

Building on Fielding’s idea of escalator regions as places where young people migrate (often temporarily) to get rapid career advancement, this paper proposes a new perspective on 'escalator migration' as it applies to frontier or remote regions in particular. Life events, their timing and iterations have changed in the thirty years since Fielding first coined the term ‘escalator region’, with delayed adulthood, multiple career working lives, population ageing and different dynamics between men and women in the work and family sphere. The object of this paper is to examine recent migration trends to Australia's Northern Territory for evidence of new or emerging 'escalator migrants'.

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