Benefit Corporations and Corporate Social Intrapreneurship

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Esposito De Falco ◽  
Antonio Renzi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Business Economics ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Benefit Corporations ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The One

AbstractThe present Special Issue focuses benefit corporation and social intrapreneurship as two topics which in the last decades have taken on a growing role in studies about both management and economics. This growing interest comes from globalization and digitization phenomena that have determined a change in firms’ stakeholders expectations. In this regard, social pressures about the behavior of companies have determined a new way of conceiving profit seen not only as shareholder remuneration but also as a direct or indirect tool to foster greater interdependence between economic activities and social objectives. For instance, the relationship between profit and sustainability no longer follows dichotomous logic. The firms are moving towards a path of socialization essential for their survival. The issue of sustainability, which previously appeared secondary in business economics studies, today is a pure necessity; the current competitive dimensions are based on intense and continuous engagement actions towards all stakeholders. This perspective is reflected in new theoretical strands such as the Social Emotional Wealth Theory, in which profit in the short run assumes secondary positions with respect to the survival not only of the company, but also of its founder, who tends to link its “immortality” to his/her firm. Thus, issues related to the sustainability are entering more and more the DNA of the firms on the one hand and economic policies are increasingly interested in the global aspects of sustainability (social, economic, environmental and governance) on the other hand. These trends have favored the development of new types of businesses, such as benefit corporation and start-ups related to the social entrepreneurship logic, committed to combining long-term profitability with certain standards and optimizing their positive impact on employees, the community in which they operate and the environment as well. The current economic crisis caused by Covid-19 seems to have accelerated this tendency to combine economic and social benefits.

Benefit Corporations Approach to Environmental, Social and Governance Disclosure: A Focus on Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Sciarelli ◽  
Silvia Cosimato ◽  
Giovanni Landi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Corporate Structure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
Benefit Corporations ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Governance Disclosure

AbstractOver the last decades, Benefit Corporations arouse as a new corporate structure, alternative to traditional ones and pointing to offer a new approach to the management of business and sustainability issues. These companies' activities are statutory aimed at bridging for-profit and no-profit activities; thus, they intentionally and statutory pursue economic purposes together with social and environmental ones, to create a positive impact on economy, society and environment. Even though, Italian and other national laws set some specific disclosure duties for Benefit Corporations, especially in terms of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) issues, the literature still calls for further research on the topic. Therefore, this paper is aimed at contributing to bridge this gap, investigating the way Italian Benefit Corporations approach ESG disclosure. To this end, an exploratory analysis has been conducted, implementing a qualitative method, based on a multiple case study strategy. Even though the descriptive nature of the study, the achieved findings pointed out that the Benefit Corporation structure not necessarily implies a better approach to ESG.

Owners, creditors and traders: Women in late colonial Calcutta

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-456
Author(s):  
Ishita Chakravarty
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
The One

This article tries to reconstruct the world of the property-owning, mortgage-holding and money-lending women in late colonial Bengal and especially in Calcutta, the commercial capital of British India until the First World War. It argues that as all poor women occupying the urban space were not either sex workers or domestic servants, similarly all middle-class women in colonial Calcutta were not dependent housewives, teachers and doctors. At least a section of them engaged in other gainful economic activities. However, existing scholarship sheds very little light on those women who chose other means of survival than the bhadramahila: those who bought and sold houses, lent money for interest, acquired mortgages, speculated in jute trade and even managed indigenous banking business. Evidence of court records suggests that they, along with the lady teacher, the lady doctor, the midwife and the social worker or later members of political organisations, could be found in considerable numbers in late colonial Calcutta. Due to the enactment of stringent laws to control moneylending, on the one hand, and the commercial decline of Calcutta, on the other hand, these women were possibly driven out of the shrinking market of the 1940s and 1950s.

scholarly journals Determining social capital by social accounting

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Welfare Economic ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Social Accounting ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

Although social capital has been often debated in the last 20 years, there is a widely accepted definition missing and the approaches to measuring its size are not very well-developed. Therefore, the definitions of social capital are stated and analysed, whether they are appropriately designed also for measurement purposes. We end up with a division between capital consisting of real capital as fixed and working capital and financial capital on the one hand, and capitals, which are referring to human capital and social capital in a narrow sense on the other hand. The last two are named here as social capital. The stock of the first kind of capital can be expressed as net capital when the liabilities are deducted is booked to the final social balance, as well as the remainder of the stock accounts. The stock of the second one can be identified as social assets reduced by social liabilities. Non-commercial values of economic activities are gathered in social accounting. With social accounting there are several approaches, however most of them are not developed to such an extent that the social capital can be determined through an adequate ex-post analysis. A welfare economic oriented approach comprising a bookkeeping system helps to determine social capital. Based on the willingness to pay approach a commercial bookkeeping system and an additional social bookkeeping were designed where the respective “private” and additional social capital were verified. Both together show the total social capital related to an economic subject. The result is illustrated by such a social accounting for the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration of the University of Tartu for 2006. The author discusses the limits and possibilities of this kind of social capital determination.

Are Changes in Corporate Governance an Answer?

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-213
Author(s):  
Matt Fischer-Daly
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Private Regulation ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
Corporate Entity ◽  
Benefit Corporations

This chapter explores the potential for changes in corporate governance to overcome the decoupling problem in private regulation, through a detailed examination of the case of benefit corporations. In the United States, a benefit corporation is a type of for-profit corporate entity that includes among its goals — in addition to profits — a positive impact on society, workers, the community, and the environment. The chapter argues that the B-Corp movement is a false promise because of the legal limitations of actors to seek remedy if a benefit corporation does not meet its “benefit goals” and because of a variety of issues in the certification process for such a corporation. This argument is supported through the analysis of the private regulation program of a leading benefit corporation, which shows that its status has in no way improved coupling between private regulation practices and outcomes. It would seem that the benefit corporation certification is simply another modern ritual of due diligence, although there is a need for additional research on benefit corporations to confirm this conclusion.

scholarly journals Political Economy of the Syrian War: Patterns and Causes

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Kabalan
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
The One ◽  
Syrian Conflict ◽  
Political Economic

Amongst all the Arab countries that have witnessed social unrest over the past decade, Syria has emerged as a unique case. What started as a peaceful social effort to bring about overdue political reform turned into a bloody conflict. The 10 year-old civil war has largely devastated the Syrian economy and is likely to have lingering consequences on the country’s development for many years to come. This article deals with the political economy of the Syrian conflict. It argues that economic liberalization, poor public policies, and persistent drought in the years preceding the crisis, upset the social equilibrium and led to unrest. The very social class that used to support the once “socialist” regime in Damascus in the period 1963–2010 felt abandoned and betrayed by its economic policies. Indeed, the transition from a state-controlled economy into a free market economy, under Bashar al-Assad, may have served Syria in many ways, but it also created many problems. The ongoing conflict can be seen as a conflict about the distribution of power and wealth and, if Syria survives it as a united country, it will likely have a political, economic, and social equilibrium drastically different from the one it had.

scholarly journals Effects of Social Network on Herder Livestock Production Income and the Mediation by Fund Loans

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Liqun Shao ◽  
Yimeng Zhou ◽  
Haibin Chen ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Informal Credit ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
The Social

Due to its alpine geography and harsh environment, the pastoral region of Qinghai Province is widely recognized as one of China’s concentrated and contiguous poverty-stricken regions, while climate change, market competition and grazing control exert further pressure on the income security of herders. After more than 1000 years of nomadic practice, cooperation and reciprocity have been entrenched in the culture of pastoral ethnic minorities, in which a well-developed social network may play a crucial role in herders’ social and economic activities, including their financial and production behaviors. Based on a questionnaire survey of 278 households in two counties of Qinghai, this study empirically examined the effects of herders’ social network on their livestock production income and the mediation function of fund loans therein. The social network was found to exert a significant positive impact on household income, and loans had a positive mediation effect. By comparison, the mediation effect of formal borrowing channels was statistically significant while that of informal channels was not, which may be attributed to the relative degree of maturity of the two disparate financial markets. It is suggested that a closer and more inclusive social network should be fostered, the quality of bank financial services should be improved, and the regulation on informal credit activities should be reinforced, so as to fully exploit the positive roles of the social network and fund loans for income growth of herder households in vast pastoral areas of China.

scholarly journals The Asymmetric Relationship Between Military Expenditure, Economic Growth and Industrial Productivity: An Empirical Analysis of India, China and Pakistan Via the NARDL Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamir Syed
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Industrial Productivity

This research work aims to verify how military expenditure promotes economic growth and industrial productivity, as suggested by the Military Keynesianism postulate. The NARDL method is employed to achieve the above objective on the panel data of India, China, and Pakistan, covering the period between 1990 and 2018. The study finds that the positive and negative impact of military expenditure has a significant positive and negative effect on economic growth in the long run for China and India; however, in the short-run, only positive impact favors economic growth. Thus, there is a symmetric effect in the short-run and an asymmetric impact in the long-run. This asymmetric result supports the work of Military Keynesianism, helping policymakers in devising appropriate macro-economic policies.

scholarly journals The role of practical experience requirement in improving the accountant work performance in the business sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Yaser Saleh Al Frijat ◽  
Mohammad Eid Al-Hajaia
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Accounting Education ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Business Economics ◽  
Financial Pressure ◽  
The Social

University accounting education is a competitive market, and business schools face a great deal of financial pressure to employ huge numbers of students (Howcroft, 2017). So, practical experience, as one of the vital international accounting education standards, is considered highly important because it plays a vital role in improving and developing graduate competencies in the accounting profession within Jordanian business markets. Consequently, the paper aims to discuss the importance of the practical experience requirement and its role in improving the work performance of accountants in the labor market. A Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) approach was used for the analysis of the study. The article had a randomly selected sample of professional accountants at the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). According to the findings, the axis of practical experience related to technical competencies in the field of accounting, business, economics, and information technology has a significant and positive impact on improving professional accountants’ work performance in the labor sector so that they become qualified professionals in the financial markets. The current paper is one of the few studies that have been carried out in a developing country like Jordan; the study outcomes may help higher education institutions in other developing countries to evolve the concept of practical experience for accounting graduates.

Virtus, Merkur und Moneten

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Jendorff
Keyword(s):  
Economic Life ◽  
Complex Spectrum ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Feudal Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Modern Era

The nobility of the pre-modern era did not seem to be familiar with the logic and rationalities of economic life. Noble families’ lives were assumed to revolve around luxury, tend towards excessive expenditure and be permanently threatened with ruin. Nevertheless, that is only one side of the complex spectrum of economic activities in which nobles all over Europe were engaged. Their entrepreneurship adapted to economic developments and thus massively influenced economic structures over the centuries. In competition and, of course, in coalition with non-noble participants in diverse markets, European nobles transformed the former feudal society, which led to the emergence of capitalism. This study not only shows the different fields nobles all over Europe were engaged in, but also explains the connection between noble self-fashioning and self-reliance on the one hand, and the ideas and understanding of the social environment and of the position of the individual within it from the 13th to the 19th century on the other. Hence, it also considers why and how the negative perception and evaluation of nobles’ economic activities in parts of Europe developed and what influenced these negative opinions.

scholarly journals POLA AKTIVITAS RUANG PUBLIK DI TAMAN SIRING TENDEAN BANJARMASIN

Jurnal Socius ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahriani Purnamasari
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social

AbstractThe study is purposed to describe: (1) the pattern of activity in the Siring Tendean Park was dominantly carried out by the people who did economic activities. Because there are many street vendors (PKL) and floating market traders who were selling on weekends. Cultural activities, such as the cultural attractions and river trails, shown the characteristics of Banjar culture. Social activities are the community that conducts activities and visitors who interact, recreation and sports in Taman Siring Tendean, as well as students for educational activities. (2) The perceived benefits in terms of economy are the land for floating market traders, street vendors (PKL), and boat drivers (Kelotok) to develop their businesses. The social benefits are also felt by the community and visitors because they can communicate and avoid anti-social attitudes. Cultural benefits for actors of cultural attractions can provide a place for them to express themselves. Health benefits are able to blend in with nature and reduce stress level and also encouraging someone to do physical activities. The benefits of recreation are for refreshing and relaxing (3) The positive impact of the existence of Siring Tendean Park, namely that the economic impact can increase people income, social impacts can be used as a place for people interaction, self expression and recreation, the health effects is people can do some sport activitity and the cultural impact can preserve culture Banjar. While, the perceived negative impact is the amount of garbage, there is any conflict between traders and Satpol PP and conflicts between visitors.Keywords: activity, public space, siring tendean parkAbstrakTujuan penelitian mendeskripsikan; (1) pola aktivitas di Taman Siring Tendean dominan dilakukan oleh orang-orang yang melakukan kegiatan ekonomi. Karena ada banyak pedagang kaki lima (PKL) dan pedagang pasar terapung yang berjualan di akhir pekan. Kegiatan budaya, seperti atraksi budaya dan jalur sungai, menunjukkan karakteristik budaya Banjar. Kegiatan sosial adalah komunitas yang melakukan kegiatan dan pengunjung yang berinteraksi, rekreasi dan olahraga di Taman Siring Tendean, serta siswa untuk kegiatan pendidikan. (2) Manfaat yang dirasakan dalam hal ekonomi adalah tanah bagi pedagang pasar terapung, pedagang kaki lima (PKL), dan pengemudi perahu (Kelotok) untuk mengembangkan bisnis mereka. Manfaat sosial juga dirasakan oleh masyarakat dan pengunjung karena mereka dapat berkomunikasi dan menghindari sikap anti-sosial. Manfaat budaya bagi pelaku atraksi budaya dapat memberikan tempat bagi mereka untuk mengekspresikan diri. Manfaat kesehatan dapat menyatu dengan alam dan mengurangi tingkat stres dan juga mendorong seseorang untuk melakukan aktivitas fisik. Manfaat rekreasi adalah untuk menyegarkan dan bersantai (3) Dampak positif dari keberadaan Taman Siring Tendean, yaitu bahwa dampak ekonomi dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat, dampak sosial dapat digunakan sebagai tempat untuk interaksi orang, ekspresi diri dan rekreasi, dampak kesehatannya adalah orang dapat melakukan beberapa kegiatan olahraga dan dampak budaya dapat melestarikan budaya Banjar. Sementara, dampak negatif yang dirasakan adalah jumlah sampah, ada konflik antara pedagang dan Satpol PP dan konflik antara pengunjung.Kata Kunci: aktivitas, ruang publik, taman tendean siring 

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