Demographics, Migration and Brain Drain in The Danube Region

AbstractIn the last two decades we have been witnessing the decrease of population in many countries of the Danube Region. All demographic indicators are unfavourable. Current demographic situation and labour market in the countries of the Danube Region is presented. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of demographic decline in the countries of the Danube Region on the key labour market variables and to model their behaviour. Also, the purpose of this paper is to analyse and discuss the possible consequences of demographic decline and the roles of migration and brain drain in the region. The main conclusion is that drop in the population growth is compensated with migration flows and prolongation of working life when it comes to the active labour force in the Danube Region, although population is still a main source of working force.

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The Impact on Employment of Active Labour Market Policies: An Evaluation of Public Employment Services (PES) in Kosovo

South East European Journal of Economics and Business ◽

10.2478/jeb-2019-0005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 61-71

Author(s):

Luljeta Elezaj ◽

Arsena Gjipali ◽

Sinan Ademaj

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Labour Force ◽

Public Employment ◽

Positive Role ◽

Employment Services ◽

Active Labour ◽

The Impact ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Active Labour Market Programmes

Abstract This paper evaluates the effects that Active Labour Market Programmes (ALMPs) as a component of Public Employment Services (PES) in Kosovo, have on their participants. The study focuses on the likelihood of individual employment as a result of the PES measures using microdata from the Labour Force Survey in Kosovo. Under deficiency of estimates on labour market measures effectiveness, the empirical analysis in this paper confirms the positive role of active labour market programmes in Kosovo. Assessments show that groups targeted by employment offices have increased their probability of being employed. Estimation results may suggest that it would be appropriate for the activity of the Employment Offices and in general, of active policies, to grow their influence. However, Employment Offices would need to meet with a greater number of individuals who could benefit from their increased employability and activity in the labour market. Moreover, it is recommended that the active policies are accompanied by other complementary policies while designing an economic environment that provides incentives for job creation.

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In-work poverty, precarious work and indebtedness. The steady state European equilibrium?

10.31219/osf.io/6tfcd ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

marco marucci ◽

Massimo De Minicis

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Social Services ◽

Job Insecurity ◽

Labour Force ◽

Employment Protection ◽

Citizenship Rights ◽

Active Labour ◽

Europe 2020 ◽

Europe 2020 Strategy

Since the establishment of a European strategy to create more and better jobs at the end of ’90s Member States faced many efforts pursuing the target of high percentage of employed persons, target renewed with Europe 2020 strategy. In the same years many citizenship rights, universally recognized, started to be conditioned to the employment status: the “welfarism” was rapidly substituted with “workfare”, with the twin aims of encouraging activation of labour force and - less claimed – of cutting public expenses, especially in social services. In this paper we analyse trends and relations of certain dimension of employment to better understand the sustainability of this approach. The “new” employment is more and more characterized by undermining factors: insecurity, precariousness, poverty. States pursuing active labour market policies, under a Flexicurity approach, besides a good labour market performance, are still facing with poverty and job insecurity of many workers. This is accompanied by growth of household indebtedness, the other dangerous drawback of welfare “commodification” processes. Beyond enforce Employment Protection Legislations, Basic income or Minimum wages, we should change the targets of European strategy with more social or qualitative components (e.g. quality of employment) and get over the Flexicurity approach

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Mexican labour market performance and emigration

MIGRATION LETTERS ◽

10.33182/ml.v9i1.204 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 75-85

Author(s):

Carla Pederzini

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Informal Sector ◽

Unemployment Rate ◽

Labour Force ◽

Market Performance ◽

Mexican Population ◽

Mexican Immigration ◽

The Us ◽

Working Age ◽

Migration Flows

During the last three decades, the Mexican economy has not generated enough jobs for the expanding labour force. Unemployment rate in Mexico is low, but almost one third of the labour force works in the informal sector. Migration flows from Mexico to the US have been significant in the last decade. Even though the number of Mexicans in the US has remained stable, Mexican immigration to the US dropped from 2006 to 2009. Emigration is a key employment channel for the enlarged working-age Mexican population. A reduced migratory flow may pose a major challenge for the Mexican labour market.

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Health and Labour Force Participation: ‘Stress’, Selection and the Reproduction Costs of Labour Power

Journal of Social Policy ◽

10.1017/s0047279400018912 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 327-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mel Bartley

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Labour Force ◽

Labour Force Participation ◽

Socially Disadvantaged ◽

The Usa ◽

Reproduction Costs ◽

Maintenance Policies ◽

Market Variables ◽

The Relationship ◽

Labour Power

ABSTRACTThis paper will discuss the applicability of concepts of ‘stress’ and ‘selection’ to which health researchers appealed in their attempts to explain the relationship between health and unemployment, and examine the implications of some of the major studies carried out in Europe and the USA for these competing approaches. The contradictions arising from this evidence will then be addressed with the aid of a technical advance in population statistics which allows us to test hypotheses about whether the associations between socio-demographic characteristics and mortality may be due to selective mobility of seriously ill persons into socially disadvantaged positions. It is concluded that a better understanding of the results of available studies may be reached if we avoid the dichotomy between ‘stress’ and ‘selection’, and explore whether concepts of labour market processes and the reproduction costs of labour power can throw new light on the relationship between health and patterns of labour force participation. The paper aims both to encourage health researchers to consider policy and market variables more closely, and to tempt researchers more specialised in these latter fields to apply recent advances in the understanding of the interaction between labour market and income maintenance policies to the question of how economic conditions and change may affect health.

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Russian Education in the Mirror of Demography

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2003-7-4-25 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 4-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Grebnev

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

High School ◽

High School Graduates ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Demographic Indicators ◽

Federal Districts ◽

Stage System ◽

Migration Flows ◽

Russian Education

The dynamics of several demographic indicators of Russia - child and teenage cohorts in 1970-2000, life expectancy in 1995-2000, migration flows among federal districts in the period between two censuses of 1989 and 2002 - are considered in the article. The author puts forward the hypothesis about the influence of these indicators on the level of education in narrow and broad senses - in educational institutions and the society as a whole. He estimates the perspectives of regional higher educational institutions under conditions of absence of plan distribution of graduates and the double cyclical fall in the number of high school graduates. The agenda for the development of a two-stage system of higher education corresponding with international integration processes is formulated.

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Yearly quotas and country-reserved shares in Italian immigration policy

MIGRATION LETTERS ◽

10.33182/ml.v5i1.57 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 41-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Paolo Cuttitta

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Immigration Policy ◽

Foreign Workers ◽

Irregular Migration ◽

Quota System ◽

Italian Immigration ◽

Migration Flows

Regular immigration to Italy is based on a quota system setting annual ceilings to legal entries. Reserved shares are granted to single countries or categories of countries. Reserved shares have been increased; they are used as an incentive to obtain the cooperation of countries of origin in stemming irregular migration flows. The total quota of regular immigration has gradually increased too. Still, it does not fully respond to the growing demand of foreign workers on the labour market, and quotas seem to be used as crypto-regularisations rather than as an instrument for regulating legal entries.

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Qualitative Survey of Graduate Practice — An Intervention for Young Unemployed Jobseekers in Slovakia

Journal of Business and Economics ◽

10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/09.10.2019/011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 910-918

Author(s):

Lucia Svabova ◽

◽

Vladimir Borik ◽

Marek Durica ◽

Johanna Grudin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Qualitative Evaluation ◽

Work Experiences ◽

The European Union ◽

State Budget ◽

Active Labour Market Policy ◽

Potential Employer ◽

Qualitative Survey ◽

Ex Post ◽

Active Labour

Active labour market policy interventions are vide used tool of a government against unemployment. One of the most frequently used intervention for young jobseekers in Slovakia is a Contribution for Graduate practice. This measure is intended for young unemployed jobseekers as a tool of gaining first contact with the open labour market and with potential employer and gaining first work experiences. In this paper we present a qualitative survey of Graduate practice that was made as an ex-post evaluation of this intervention by its participants in Slovakia. This evaluation of the intervention was carried out at the request of the European Commission not only in Slovakia but also in several countries of the European Union. The qualitative evaluation, as a part of this rigorous intervention evaluation, provides feedback from the real intervention participants and brings some suggestions to improve the parameters and conditions of Graduate practice intervention and its realization. These improvements are useful not only for participants themselves, for companies in which young graduates are employed but also for the state budget in the form of returned or saved invested funds because of better functioning of the intervention. Based on the results of this feedback from its real participants, some parameters, conditions and details of the Graduate practice intervention have been changed and added in Slovakia.

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Tertiary Educated Muslim Women's Work Decision

Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research ◽

10.24191/jeeir.v3i2.9057 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Peck Leong Tan ◽

Muhammad Adidinizar Zia Ahmad Kusair ◽

Norlida Abdul Hamid

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Work Environment ◽

Capital Investment ◽

Labour Force ◽

Muslim Women ◽

Participation Of Women ◽

Flexible Working ◽

Family Friendly ◽

The Family ◽

Labour Participation

The participation of women in the labour force has been steadily rising over the years, especially with tremendous human capital investment in educating more women at tertiary levels. However, the tertiary educated women labour participation remains low, particularly among Muslim women. Therefore, this paper explores how tertiary educated Muslim women make their decision to work. This study surveyed 139 tertiary educated women and found their decisions to work are affected by their families’ needs and/or responsibilities, and may not be due to their lives’ goals and dreams. The majority of them work for the sake of money and hence will work if offered jobs meet their expectations in term of salary and position. Furthermore, they will leave the workforce if they need to fulfil their responsibilities at home. Therefore, to retain or to encourage more women especially those with high qualifications to be in the labour market, stakeholders must provide family-friendly jobs and suitable work environment such as flexible working arrangements. More importantly, stakeholders must be able to convince the family members of tertiary educated women to release them to the labour market.

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