scholarly journals Emergent pseudo-coordination in spoken German. A corpus-based exploration

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-136
Author(s):  
Nadine Proske
Keyword(s):  
Verb Classes ◽  
Aspectual Meaning

Abstract This paper investigates emergent pseudo-coordination in spoken German. In a corpus-based study, seven verbs in the first conjunct are analyzed regarding the degree of semantic bleaching and the development of subjective or aspectual meaning components. Moreover, it is shown that each verb shows distinct tendencies for co-ocurrences, especially with deictic adverbs in the first conjunct and with specific verbs and verb classes in the second conjunct. It is argued that pseudo-coordination is originally motivated by the need for ‘chunking’ in unplanned speech and that it is still prominently used in this function in German, in contrast to languages in which pseudo-coordination is grammaticalized further.

Competition of Verb Aspects and Its Resolution as a Creative Act (Based on the Material of Aspects Variants in the Texts by F. M. Dostoevsky)

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
S. A. Karpukhin
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Verb Aspect ◽  
Component Theory ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Artistic Interpretation ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Aspectual Meaning

The article considers the competition of verbal aspects from a new perspective. Instead of employing the traditional method of demonstrating this phenomenon — an empirical replacement of the aspect of a verb in a phrase with the opposite — the author examines Dostoevsky’s choice between the variants found in different manuscripts of the same text. For the first time, based on a two-component theory of the semantic invariant of a verb type, the aspectual meaning of the selection of a verb aspect is revealed and, as a result of contextual analysis, an artistic interpretation of the selected type is proposed.

Learning Verb Classes in an Incremental Model

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libby Barak ◽  
Afsaneh Fazly ◽  
Suzanne Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Verb Classes ◽  
Incremental Model

scholarly journals BioVerbNet: a large semantic-syntactic classification of verbs in biomedicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Majewska ◽  
Charlotte Collins ◽  
Simon Baker ◽  
Jari Björne ◽  
Susan Windisch Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Representation Learning ◽  
Verb Classes ◽  
Expert Annotation ◽  
Biomedical Texts ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Verb Meaning

Abstract Background Recent advances in representation learning have enabled large strides in natural language understanding; However, verbal reasoning remains a challenge for state-of-the-art systems. External sources of structured, expert-curated verb-related knowledge have been shown to boost model performance in different Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks where accurate handling of verb meaning and behaviour is critical. The costliness and time required for manual lexicon construction has been a major obstacle to porting the benefits of such resources to NLP in specialised domains, such as biomedicine. To address this issue, we combine a neural classification method with expert annotation to create BioVerbNet. This new resource comprises 693 verbs assigned to 22 top-level and 117 fine-grained semantic-syntactic verb classes. We make this resource available complete with semantic roles and VerbNet-style syntactic frames. Results We demonstrate the utility of the new resource in boosting model performance in document- and sentence-level classification in biomedicine. We apply an established retrofitting method to harness the verb class membership knowledge from BioVerbNet and transform a pretrained word embedding space by pulling together verbs belonging to the same semantic-syntactic class. The BioVerbNet knowledge-aware embeddings surpass the non-specialised baseline by a significant margin on both tasks. Conclusion This work introduces the first large, annotated semantic-syntactic classification of biomedical verbs, providing a detailed account of the annotation process, the key differences in verb behaviour between the general and biomedical domain, and the design choices made to accurately capture the meaning and properties of verbs used in biomedical texts. The demonstrated benefits of leveraging BioVerbNet in text classification suggest the resource could help systems better tackle challenging NLP tasks in biomedicine.

Transitivity in similarity judgments on German verbs

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-93
Author(s):  
Michael Richter ◽  
Roeland van Hout
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
Verb Classes ◽  
Similarity Relations ◽  
Similarity Judgments ◽  
Similarity Relationships

This paper investigates set-theoretical transitive and intransitive similarity relationships in triplets of verbs that can be deduced from raters’ similarity judgments on the pairs of verbs involved. We collected similarity judgments on pairs made up of 35 German verbs and found that the concept of transitivity adds to the information obtained from collecting pair-wise semantic similarity judgments. The concept of transitive similarity enables more complex relations to be revealed in triplets of verbs. To evaluate the outcomes that we obtained by analyzing transitive similarities we used two previously developed verb classifications of the same set of 35 verbs based on the analysis of large corpora (Richter & van Hout, 2016). We applied a modified form of weak stochastic transitivity (Block & Marschak, 1960; Luce & Suppes, 1965; Tversky, 1969) and found that (1), in contrast to Rips’ claim (2011), similarity relations in raters’ judgments systematically turn out to be transitive, and (2) transitivity discloses lexical and aspectual properties of verbs relevant in distinguishing verb classes.

Nakh-Dagestanian Languages

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-145
Author(s):  
Dmitry Ganenkov ◽  
Timur Maisak
Keyword(s):  
General Information ◽  
Indigenous Language ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Verbal Nouns ◽  
Number Agreement ◽  
Verb Classes ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sociolinguistic Status

The chapter is a survey of the Nakh-Daghestanian family (also known as East Caucasian), one of the indigenous language families spoken in the Caucasus. The family comprises more than 30 languages, some of which are spoken by only a few hundred people and remain unwritten and/or underdescribed. The chapter provides general information about the sociolinguistic status of Nakh-Daghestanian languages and the history of their research as well as their phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon. The languages of the family have rich consonant systems and are morphologically ergative, head-final, with rich case systems, complex verbal paradigms, and pervasive gender-number agreement. Alongside the major transitive and intransitive lexical verb classes, verbs of perception and cognition with the dative experiencer subject usually comprise one or more minor valency classes with non-canonically marked subjects. Among valency-increasing derivations, the causative is the most prominent. The most typical subordination strategies are non-finite, making use of participles, converbs, infinitives and verbal nouns.

Semantic Verb Classes and Regularity of Voice Paradigms in Tagalog

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-499
Author(s):  
Sergei B. Klimenko ◽  
Divine Angeli P. Endriga
Keyword(s):  
Verb Classes ◽  
Semantic Verb Classes

scholarly journals Categorization and Conceptualization of Space in Descriptive Text

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Y. N. Varfolomeeva
Keyword(s):  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Scientific Paradigm ◽  
Verb Classes ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Spatial Semantics

The relevance of the article is due to the importance of studying spatial semantics in the new scientific paradigm. The possibility of studying genre varieties of description (description-landscape, description-interior, description-portrait, description of the subject) using frame analysis is indicated in the article. Considerable attention is paid to the classification of spatial verb description predicates. It is noted that the unflagging interest in verbal units in modern linguistics, with unsteady classification grounds, different numbers of distinguished verb classes and terminological differences in describing the object, indicates the need to compile a classification of verb predicates based on the principles of linguocognitology. The study of the semantics of verb predicates of descriptive text, the identification of integrating and differential seme, contributing to the isolation of various lexical-semantic groups of verb predicates and building the patterns implemented in the description of spatial relationships appears to be significant. The attention is focused on the need to integrate linguistic, physiological and psychological knowledge in the study of the predicative component of a descriptive text. Such integration is embodied in the idea of spatial discrimination through all sensory systems and the division of spatial predicates into units of visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, taste and undifferentiated perception. It is established that in the case of using predicates of intermodal semantics, spatial significance is realized in terms of “proximity” / “remoteness” of the source objects of the corresponding sensations.

scholarly journals Scalar Verb Classes

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Tamm
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Roles ◽  
Verb Classes ◽  
Linguistic Form ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Transitive Verbs

This monograph discusses scalar verb classes. It tests theories of linguistic form and meaning, arguments and thematic roles, using Estonian data. The analyses help to understand the aspectual structure of Estonian. In Estonian, transitive verbs fall into aspectual classes based on the type of case-marking of objects and adjuncts. The book relates the morphosyntactic frames of verbs to properties typically associated with adjectives and nouns: scalarity and boundedness. Verbs are divided according to how their aspect is composed. Some verbs lexicalize a scale, which can be bounded either lexically or compositionally. Aspectual composition involves the unification of features. Compositionally derived structures differ according to which of the aspectually relevant dimensions are bounded.

scholarly journals Reality status in Kampan languages and its partial loss in Ucayali-Pajonal Ashéninka

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e019007
Author(s):  
Toni Pedrós
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Partial Loss ◽  
Verb Classes ◽  
Grammatical Change

The Kampan languages have the grammatical feature called reality status, which consists of obligatory verbal affixes that express a binary opposition between realized and unrealized events. Although the validity of this grammatical category has been questioned for its lack of consistency cross-linguistically, the pan-Kampan system has been presented as an example of a canonical reality status opposition. This article examines and compares the almost identical reality status systems of all Kampan languages, and then, based on dedicated fieldwork, goes on to describe the change that Ucayali-Pajonal Ashéninka has undergone. This change consists in the loss of the reality status system in most I-class verbs, the largest by far of the two verb classes typical of Kampan languages, and makes Ucayali-Pajonal Ashéninka divergent in this aspect from the other Kampan languages. This loss shows a grammatical change taking place and therefore poses some questions about the evolution of such a grammatical feature, which are analyzed in the conclusions.

scholarly journals Generation of Complex Verbal Morphology in First and Second Language Acquisition: Evidence from Russian

Nordlyd ◽  
10.7557/12.54 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira Gor ◽  
Tatiana Chernigovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Morphological Processing ◽  
State University ◽  
Verbal Morphology ◽  
University Of Maryland ◽  
Verb Classes ◽  
Verb Processing ◽  
The University ◽  
Work Done

This study explores the structure of the mental lexicon and the processing of Russian verbal morphology by two groups of speakers, adult American learners of Russian and Russian children aged 4-6, and reports the results of two matching experiments conducted at the University of Maryland, USA and St. Petersburg State University, Russia. The theoretical framework for this study comes from research on the structure of the mental lexicon and modularity in morphological processing. So far, there are very few studies investigating the processing of complex verbal morphology, with most of the work done on Icelandic, Norwegian, Italian, and Russian. The current views are shaped predominantly by research on English regular and irregular past-tense inflection, which has been conducted within two competing approaches. This study investigates the processing of verbal morphology in Russian, a language with numerous verb classes differing in size and the number and complexity of conjugation rules. It assumes that instead of a sharp opposition of regular and irregular verb processing, a gradual parameter of regularity may be more appropriate for Russian. Therefore, the issue of symbolic rule application versus associative patterning can take on a new meaning for Russian, possibly, with the distinction between default and non-default processing replacing the regular-irregular distinction.

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