Battling for semantic territory across social networks. The case of Anglo-Saxon on Twitter

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Hans-Jörg Schmid ◽  
Quirin Würschinger ◽  
Melanie Keller ◽  
Ursula Lenker
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
International Society ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Paradigm Case ◽  
Political Controversy ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractIn Present-Day English, the term Anglo-Saxon is used with three dominant meanings, which have been labeled “historical/pre-Conquest”, “ethno-racial” and “politico-cultural” uses (cf. Wilton 2019). From at least the middle of the 19th century, the second sense has been politically appropriated to convey the racial notion of white supremacy. Recently, a fierce conceptual and socio-political controversy over the meaning and implications of the term Anglo-Saxon has spilled over into academia, ultimately causing the vote of the members of the International Society of Anglo-Saxonists (ISAS) to change its name to International Society for the Study of Early Medieval England (ISSEME).We discuss this development as a paradigm case of controversies over the conceptual territory associated with a contested term. Using the Entrenchment-and-Conventionalization Model (Schmid 2020) as a theoretical framework, we analyze a large collection of Twitter posts (n ~ 510,000) with a view on the conventionalization and entrenchment processes involved in the conceptual and political controversy.

TRADING IN POWER: MERCHANTS AND THE STATE IN 19TH-CENTURY EGYPT

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Ghazaleh
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Evolution ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
Personal Connections ◽  
New Business ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractIn this article, I argue that commercial legislation promulgated and implemented in Egypt during the first half of the 19th century was one of several factors that diminished the effect of merchants’ social networks, reduced merchants’ identity to a purely professional dimension, and made profit dependent upon association with the state. The transformation of merchants’ social roles was not part of a natural evolution toward modernization and the specialized division of labor. Rather, it resulted from interactions between state-building endeavors, pressures from established merchants who sought to parry threats to their position while profiting from new business opportunities, and an influx of merchants from outside the Ottoman sultanate, who could draw neither on personal connections nor on knowledge of local markets but instead had to depend on the protection of the European consulates and the influence of the growing Egyptian state apparatus.

Where Honor is Due: Frederick Douglass as Representative Black Man

Prospects ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson J. Moses
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Ralph Waldo Emerson ◽  
Abraham Lincoln ◽  
Frederick Douglass ◽  
The Self ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
American Tradition ◽  
African American Tradition ◽  
The 19Th Century

Frederick Douglass may or may not have been the greatest African American abolitionist and orator of the 19th Century, but he was certainly the most accomplished master of self-projection. His autobiographical writings demonstrate the genius with which he seized and manipulated mainstream American symbols and values. By appropriating the Euro-American myth of the self-made man, Douglass guaranteed that his struggle would be canonized, not only within an African American tradition, but within the traditions of the mainstream as well. He manipulated the rhetoric of Anglo-Saxon manhood as skillfully as did any of his white contemporaries, including such master manipulators as Abraham Lincoln, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Phineas T. Barnum. I mention Douglass along with these wily exemplars of American showmanship, not because I want to drag out embarrassing cliches about making heroes more human, but in order to address the truly monumental nature of Douglass's accomplishments. Douglass, like Lincoln, Emerson, and Barnum, was abundantly endowed with the spiderish craft and foxlike cunning that are often marks of self-made men.

scholarly journals Los orígenes de la municipalización de servicios. El industrialismo público inglés (Municipal Trading) y la Sociedad Fabiana

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Magaldi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Bernard Shaw ◽  
Fabian Society

<p align="justify">A lo largo del siglo XIX hizo su aparición en Inglaterra un fenómeno nuevo, conocido como municipalización de servicios o municipal trading, en virtud del cual los municipios ingleses fueron asumiendo progresivamente la prestación de diversos servicios que habían devenido esenciales en las ciudades, como consecuencia de la Revolución Industrial y del intenso movimiento demográfico (campo-ciudad) que aquella había generado. En el marco teórico de este movimiento municipalizador destacó muy especialmente la aportación realizada por un grupo de pensadores e intelectuales aglutinados en torno a las figuras de Sydney y Beatrice Webb y Bernard Shaw (la Sociedad Fabiana) y que habrían de constituir el núcleo originario del laborismo británico.</p><br /> <p align="justify"><b> Municipal trading appeared as a new phenomenon in England during the 19th century. As a consequence, English local authorities had to provide for new social needs that had become essential after the Industrial Revolution and the migrations from the countryside to the cities that followed. A group of intellectuals and thinkers who gathered around the figures of Sydney and Beatrice Webb and Bernard Shaw (the Fabian Society) played a capital role in building the theoretical framework of this movement. They became the original hard core of British Labor.</p>

scholarly journals Archaeology, Evolution and Darwinism

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-100
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Palavestra ◽  
Marko Porčić
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Short History ◽  
Social Biology ◽  
Basic Conclusion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lasting Impression ◽  
New Research ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper presents a short history of the influence evolutionary thinking has had on anthropology and archaeology. The focus is on four major "schools" in evolutionist thought: the classical evolutionism of the 19th century, Neo-evolutionism, social biology (sociobiology) and Neo-Darwinian archaeology. The basic conclusion of this text is that the idea of socio-cultural evolution, understood in the broadest sense, has left a lasting impression on anthropological and archeological theory, and that it still represents a useful theoretical framework for new research.

scholarly journals Verschiedene sprichwörtliche Redensarten – the First Croatian Phraseological Dictionary

Kalbotyra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
Barbara Kovačević ◽  
Barbara Štebih Golub
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Systematic Treatment ◽  
Selection Principles ◽  
Contemporary Practice ◽  
The 19Th Century

The first Croatian phraseological dictionary, compiled in German under the title Verschiedene sprichwörtliche Redensarten was published as a part of the conversational manual accompanying the last published grammar of the Kajkavian literary language, Grammatik der kroatischen Mundart. Its author, Ignac Kristijanović, had accomplished this pioneering undertaking against the contemporary practice, listing the idioms as separate phraseological units in form of a small phraseological dictionary, and not within the dictionary entries of the general dictionary. The paper deals with the macro- and microstructure of Kristijanović’s dictionary within the theoretical framework of the so-called Zagreb School of Phraseology (Menac, Fink-Arsovski).On the macrostructural level, the analysis focuses on the selection principles of the included units and their order in the dictionary. Special attention is paid to the question which material is included, ie. whether the dictionary contains only idioms defined in accordance with today’s phraseological theory and whether the author makes a distinction between idioms and other fixed multi-word expressions (collocations, proverbs).On the microstructural level, it is being examined which form of a idiom is taken as a lemma and how the Kajkavian idioms are translated on the German side of the dictionary (an equivalent German idiom; a German idiom and the explanation of its meaning; the description of the situation in which the idiom is being used). In addition, the question of dealing with synonymous idioms is discussed.In spite of a sporadically non-systematic treatment of structurally similar idioms as dictionary units, and taking into consideration that the Verschiedene sprichwörtliche Redensarten was compiled in the first half of the 19th century, Kristijanović’s dictionary can be viewed as an interesting and valuable contribution to Croatian and Slavic phraseology and phraseography.

Caprio and Merola: Latin American Contribution to the Development of Liver Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ruso Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Liver Resection ◽  
Surgical Technique ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Liver Surgery ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

Regarding the history of liver surgery, Latin American pioneers have only occasionally been mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon literature. One of such rare cases was Uruguayan surgeon Gerardo Caprio, who in 1931 published a report about a resection of the left lobe of the liver. This was done during an uneventful period in the development of ideas on this surgical technique, following the remarkable advances made in the last quarter of the 19th Century. The anatomic and liver manipulation concepts used by Caprio had been developed by Merola in reports dating back to 1916 and 1920, which revealed well-grounded disagreements with the most renowned anatomists of the time. This paper discusses Merola and Caprio’s academic profile by analyzing their publications, the knowledge base and experience that led the latter to perform such liver resection, and the surgical principles applied to it, which would only be formally adopted worldwide 20 years later.

Achieving the Black Social Gospel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Dorrien
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Social Gospel ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Abolitionist Movement ◽  
The 19Th Century

The black social gospel advocated protest activism within religious communities to resist America’s system of racial caste. Dorrien’s previous book, The New Abolition: W. E. B. Du Bois and the Black Social Gospel, described the 19th century founding of this tradition as a successor to the abolitionist movement. The New Abolition ended just as King’s models of social justice ministry entered the story. Breaking White Supremacy describes the black social gospel luminaries who influenced King and the figures of King’s generation who led the civil rights movement.

scholarly journals Boundaries or bridges: what should Homeopathy's relationship be with mainstream medicine?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (32) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Lyn Brierley-Jones
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Mainstream Medicine ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New System

When Samuel Hahnemann devised homoeopathy he constructed multiple arguments that both vehemently supported his new system and criticized the conventional medical practice of his day. At the end of the 19th century when homeopathy had grown within Britain and America, homeopaths failed to make use of some of Hahnemann’s most successful arguments. Instead, homeopaths found themselves lose significant cognitive ground to their long time conventional rivals with the dawn of the 20th century, a ground they have not yet recovered. This paper uses the theoretical framework of Berger and Luckmann to analyse the dynamics of the arguments used against homeopathy and suggests that homeopaths failed to adopt a universalizing medical explanation that was available to them: the reverse action of drugs. Had they used this argument homoeopaths could have explained conventional medicine successes within their own universe of meaning and thus neutralized the impact of conventional on their practice. The implications of these conclusions for the future survival and success of homoeopathy are considered.

scholarly journals José Enrique Rodó: The Birth of Latin America Out of Spiritual Revolt

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-200
Author(s):  
Hans Schelkshorn
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
South American ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The South ◽  
Jose Vasconcelos ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Jose Enrique Rodo ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract In the second half of the 19th century positivism became the official state doctrine of many countries in southern America. Around 1900, however, the authoritarian positivistic regimes were increasingly criticized due to their cultural imitation on the Anglo-Saxon world and the atheistic ideology. In this context, José Enrique Rodó, a poet and philosopher of Uruguay, called for a critical and creative re-adoption of the “Latin” roots of southern America, specifically Greek culture and early Christianity. In his essay “Ariel” (1900), Rodó sparked a spiritual revolt that especially affected the youth of the whole continent. In contrast to Nietzsche but on the basis of secular reason, Rodó defended a religion of love, which inspired important philosophies in the 20th century, from José Vasconcelos and Antonio Caso to the theologies and philosophies of liberation. Thus, “Latin America” as a self-designation of the South American peoples was essentially inaugurated through the spiritual revolt initiated by José Enrique Rodó.

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