scholarly journals Activated carbon derived from spherical hydrochar functionalized with triethylenetetramine: synthesis, characterizations, and adsorption application

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Nguyen Tran ◽  
Fu-Chuang Huang ◽  
Chung-Kung Lee ◽  
Huan-Ping Chao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Ftir Spectrometry ◽  
Stage Synthesis

AbstractThis study investigated the adsorption capacities of various contaminants on glucose-derived hydrochar (GH) and glucose-activated carbon (GAC) functionalized with triethylenetetramine (TETA). The two-stage synthesis process consisted of (1) hydrothermal carbonization using various TETA concentrations (1%–5%) to create TETA-functionalized GHs, and (2) chemical activation with NaOH to produce TETA-GACs. The basic properties of the adsorbents were examined using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The adsorption characteristics of the GH and GAC samples toward two heavy metal ions (Pb

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon fibers from liquefied wood by KOH activation

Holzforschung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiang Huang ◽  
Guangjie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Liquefied Wood

Abstract Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) have been prepared from liquefied wood (Wliq) by chemical activation with KOH, with a particular focus on the effect of KOH/fiber ratio in term of porous texture and surface chemistry. ACFs based on steam activation served as a blank for comparison. The properties of the ACFs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption/desorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the KOH-activated ACFs have rougher surfaces and more amorphous structure compared with the blank. The pore development was significant when the KOH/fiber ratio reached 3, and achieved a maximum Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 1371 m2 g-1 and total pore volume (Vtot) of 0.777 cm3 g-1, of which 45.3% belong to mesopores with diameters of 2–4 nm, while the blank activated at the same temperature had a BET surface of 1250 m2 g-1 and Vtot of 0.644 cm3 g-1, which are mainly micropores. The surface functional groups are closely associated with the KOH/fiber ratios. KOH-activated ACFs with KOH/fiber ratio of 3 have more oxygenated surface functional groups (C-O, C=O, -COOH) than the blank.

scholarly journals Preparation of Activated Carbon Derived from Jordanian Olive Cake and Functionalized with Cu/Cu2O/CuO for Adsorption of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6636
Author(s):  
Muna Abu-Dalo ◽  
Jehad Abdelnabi ◽  
Abeer Al Bawab
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Olive Cake ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Olive Mill

Olive oil production generates solid and liquid wastes that cause various environmental problems due to their high phenols and polyphenols load. Although many treatment methods were investigated to manage these wastes, more research is still needed to identify simple and cost-effective approaches. In this study, activated carbon (AC) was prepared from olive cake waste and functionalized with Cu/Cu2O/CuO for efficient and selective removal of phenolic content from olive mill wastewater (OMW). AC media were characterized by scanning electron/dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The optimum adsorption parameters were investigated, and the adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics, and kinetics were determined. The adsorption of phenols onto copper oxide AC was best described by the Langmuir adsorption with maximum adsorption capacity of 13.9, 12.7, and 9.9 mg/g at 311, 302, and 293 K, respectively. The adsorption reaction was found to be spontaneous and endothermic where ∆H° and ∆G° were found to be 30.104 kJ/mol and −1.765, −2.839, and −3.723 (kJ/mol) at 311, 302, and 293 K, respectively. In addition, the kinetics data were perfectly fit by the pseudo-second-order model. The activated product derived from recyclable olive cake and enriched with inorganic functionality can offer a cost-effective treatment solution for OMW; thus, reducing both the liquid and solid waste generated from the olive mill industry.

Catalytic activation and application of micro-spherical carbon derived from hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass: statistical analysis using Box–Behnken design

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (104) ◽  
pp. 102680-102694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Z. Chowdhury ◽  
S. B. Abd Hamid ◽  
Md. M. Rahman ◽  
R. F. Rafique
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Catalytic Activation ◽  
Spherical Carbon ◽  
Physico Chemical

Activated carbon was produced by physico-chemical activation of hydrothermally carbonized dried stem derived from Corchorus olitorius, commonly known as Jute (JS), using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as an activation agent.

scholarly journals Phenol adsorption on high microporous activated carbons prepared from oily sludge: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mojoudi ◽  
N. Mirghaffari ◽  
M. Soleimani ◽  
H. Shariatmadari ◽  
C. Belver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractThe purpose of this study was the preparation, characterization and application of high-performance activated carbons (ACs) derived from oily sludge through chemical activation by KOH. The produced ACs were characterized using iodine number, N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions showed a predominantly microporous structure with a BET surface area of 2263 m2 g−1, a total pore volume of 1.37 cm3 g−1 and a micro pore volume of 1.004 cm3 g−1. The kinetics and equilibrium adsorption data of phenol fitted well to the pseudo second order model (R2 = 0.99) and Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.99), respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model (434 mg g−1) with a relatively fast adsorption rate (equilibrium time of 30 min) was achieved under an optimum pH value of 6.0. Thermodynamic parameters were negative and showed that adsorption of phenol onto the activated carbon was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. Desorption of phenol from the adsorbent using 0.1 M NaOH was about 87.8% in the first adsorption/desorption cycle and did not decrease significantly after three cycles. Overall, the synthesized activated carbon from oily sludge could be a promising adsorbent for the removal of phenol from polluted water.

scholarly journals Orthophosphoric Acid Activated Babul Seed Carbon as an Adsorbent for the Removal of Methylene Blue

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sujatha ◽  
A. Geetha ◽  
P. Sivakumar ◽  
P. N. Palanisamy
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Kinetics ◽  
Orthophosphoric Acid ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

An Experimental and theoretical study has been conducted on the adsorption of methylene blue dye using activated carbon prepared from babul seed by chemical activation with orthophosphoric acid. BET surface area of the activated carbon was determined as 1060 m2/g. Adsorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics were investigated as a function of initial dye concentration, temperature and pH. First order Lagergren, pseudo-second order and Elovich kinetic models were used to test the adsorption kinetics. Results were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. Based on regression coefficient, the equilibrium data found fitted well to the Langmuir equilibrium model than other models. The characteristics of the prepared activated carbon were found comparable to the commercial activated carbon. It is found that the babul seed activated carbon is very effective for the removal of colouring matter.

scholarly journals Comparison of Surface and Structural Properties of Carbonaceous Materials Prepared by Chemical Activation of Tomato Paste Waste: The Effects of Activator Type and Impregnation Ratio

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurgul Ozbay ◽  
Adife Seyda Yargic
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tomato Paste

Activated carbons were prepared by carbonization of tomato paste processing industry waste at 500°C followed by chemical activation with KOH, K2CO3, and HCl in N2 atmosphere at low temperature (500°C). The effects of different activating agents and impregnation ratios (25, 50, and 100 wt.%) on the materials’ characteristics were examined. Precursor, carbonized tomato waste (CTW), and activated carbons were characterized by using ultimate and proximate analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, point of zero charge measurements (pHPZC), particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Activation process improved pore formation and changed activated carbons’ surface characteristics. Activated carbon with the highest surface area (283 m3/g) was prepared by using 50 wt.% KOH as an activator. According to the experimental results, tomato paste waste could be used as an alternative precursor to produce low-cost activated carbon.

Physical and Chemical Activation Effect on Activated Carbon Prepared from Local Pineapple Waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim Yacob ◽  
Adlina Azmi ◽  
Mohd Khairul Asyraf Amat Mustajab
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The characteristics and quality of activated carbons prepared depending on the chemical and physical properties of the starting materials and the activation method used. In this study, activated carbon prepared using pineapple waste. Three parts of pineapple waste which comprises of peel, crown and leaf were studied. For comparison activated carbon were prepared by both physical and chemical activation respectively. Three types of chemicals were used, phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sulphuric acid (H2SO4), and potassium hydroxide (KOH). The preparation includes carbonization at 200°C and activation at the 400°C using muffle furnace. The chemical characterization of the activated carbon was carried out using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Nitrogen gas adsorption analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The highest BET surface area was achieved when the pineapple peel soaked in 20% phosphoric acid with a surface area of 1115 m2g-1. FTIR analysis indicates that the reacted pineapple waste successfully converted into activated carbons.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Heavy Metal on Active Carbon Derived from Coconut Leaves Agro-Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-562
Author(s):  
Abhijit Jadhav ◽  
◽  
Govindaraj Mohanraj ◽  
Suseeladevi Mayadevi ◽  
Ashok Gokarn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Sorption Study

In this paper activated carbon is prepared from coconut leaves by chemical activation during slow pyrolysis at 673 K in an inert atmosphere. Activated carbon is prepared in the stiochiometric ratio of 1:1 (CL1), 2:1 (CL2) and 3:1 (CL3). Optimized 3:1 ratio is preferable for further study. BET surface area of CL3 activated carbon was found 1060.57 m2/g. It is greater than those of CL1 and CL2. The batch sorption study experiments were conducted with respect to solute concentration of 2.5–122.8 mg/l and solution temperature of 313–343 K. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm studies were conducted. The experimental data fitted very well for the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second-order. The results have established good potentiality for the CL3 activated carbon to be used as a sorbent for the removal of lead from wastewater.

scholarly journals Application of Titanium Dioxide in the Synthesis of Mesoporous Activated Carbon Derived from Agricultural Waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Kaman Singh ◽  
Rayees Ahamad Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Porous Solid ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Powders ◽  
Mesoporous Activated Carbon

Adsorption is an important technique that significances the characteristics of porous solid materials and fine powders. The importance of porous solid materials and fine powders has been recognized when porous coal used for various applications such as catalysis, separation, isolation, sensors, chromatography, etc. Herein, the synthesis of mesoporous activated carbon derived from agricultural waste using TiO2. The TiO2-modified carbon was characterized employing scanning electron microscope (SEM), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyzer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The obtained results suggested that the TiO2-modified carbon could be a potential material for various application like dye removal, metal removal and allied areas. This book chapter describes the commonly used classifications of porous bulk materials and also reported here the characterization of porous solid materials and fine powders with special reference to the evaluation of the surface area, pore size distribution and thermodynamic parameters of the different mesoporous material, at various scales of resolution using relevant techniques. These materials comprise several levels of structures that of the mesopores, micropores as well as macropores. The apparent topography analysis of these materials, of various pore diameters, synthesized in our laboratory has been determined at various scales with the help of various characterization techniques.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document