Protective role of foliar application of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles against wheat stripe rust disease caused by Puccinia striiformis

Abstract Green-synthesized nanoparticles have a tremendous antimicrobial potential to be used as an alternative to hazardous fungicides. In this study, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was performed by using Moringa oleifera leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized AgNPs were subjected to different characterization techniques. UV-visible spectroscopy confirmed the surface plasmon resonance band in the range of 400–450 nm, and zeta analysis revealed that the synthesized AgNPs ranged 4–30 nm in size. Scanning electron microscopy depicted tiny fused rectangular segments and the crystalline nature of the synthesized AgNPs was confirmed using X-ray diffraction. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector confirmed the presence of metallic silver ions. Fourier-transform infrared analysis revealed the presence of phenols as main reducing agents in the plant extract. Foliar application of different concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) of AgNPs was applied on wheat plants inoculated with Puccinia striiformis to assess the disease incidence against stripe rust disease. AgNPs at a conc. of 75 ppm were found to be more effective against wheat stripe rust disease. Furthermore, the application of AgNPs enhanced morpho-physiological attributes and reduced nonenzymatic compounds and antioxidant enzymes in wheat. The present study highlights the potential role of the green-synthesized AgNPs as a biological control of yellow rust disease.

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Alternate Hosts of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and Their Role

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9060434 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 434

Author(s):

Sajid Mehmood ◽

Marina Sajid ◽

Jie Zhao ◽

Lili Huang ◽

Zhensheng Kang

Keyword(s):

Stripe Rust ◽

Puccinia Striiformis ◽

Research Progress ◽

Current Status ◽

Alternate Host ◽

Alternate Hosts ◽

Wheat Stripe Rust ◽

New Races ◽

Disease Epidemics

Understanding the interactions between the host and the pathogen is important in developing resistant cultivars and strategies for controlling the disease. Since the discovery of Berberis and Mahonia spp. as alternate hosts of the wheat stripe rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss. (Pst), their possible role in generating new races of Pst through sexual reproduction has become a hot topic. To date, all the investigations about the role of alternate hosts in the occurrence of the wheat stripe rust epidemics revealed that it depends on alternate host species and environmental conditions. In this review, we summarized the current status of alternate hosts of Pst, their interactions with the pathogen, their importance in genetic diversity and disease epidemics. Most importantly, the recent research progress in understanding the role of alternate hosts of Pst is provided.

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Bacterial Coated Fertilizer Induced Resistance Against Wheat Stripe Rust

Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ◽

10.52700/pjbb.v2i2.52 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 97-106

Author(s):

Hasan Riaz ◽

Zulqurnain Khan ◽

Syed Shahid Hussain Shah ◽

Muhammad Yasir Khurshid ◽

Muhammad Asif Ali

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Stripe Rust ◽

Puccinia Striiformis ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Resistant Variety ◽

Wheat Stripe Rust ◽

Coated Urea ◽

Inducing Resistance

Wheat is the second largest consumed cereal by humans after Rice and its high yield and production is very critical for ever increasing global population. The wheat crop is grown all over Pakistan and threatened by several limiting factors. Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis, is the most destructive wheat pathogen and can reduce yield up to 70% in Pakistan. The present study aimed at exploring the role of Zabardast urea, a bacterial coated urea with zinc, in inducing resistance against wheat stripe rust. The study involved the collection and maintenance of stripe rust inoculum on Morroco cultivar which later used to inoculate seedlings of Akbar-2019 and Galaxy-2019 resistant and susceptible varieties with three different fertilizer levels viz. specialty fertilizer zabardast urea, plain urea with zinc and plain urea. The results demonstrated the positive role of bacterial coated urea with zinc and reduced the disease severity by 10% and 5% in susceptible and resistant cultivars, respectively, leaving resistant variety asymptomatic. The plain urea with zinc also decreased disease severity in susceptible variety Galaxy-2013 by 6% in comparison with plain urea treatment underlying the role of zinc in combating stripe rust. The study underlines the importance of specialty fertilizers in inducing resistance against stripe rust in wheat and needs further experimentation exploring the mechanisms involved in disease resistance under field conditions.

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Over-summering of wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) in the California Central valley: A case study

Chilean journal of agricultural research ◽

10.4067/s0718-58392012000400005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 489-494

Author(s):

Huib Tollenaar

Keyword(s):

Stripe Rust ◽

Puccinia Striiformis ◽

Central Valley ◽

Wheat Stripe Rust

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Optical characterization and concentration-dependent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous Melastoma malabathricum extract against Staphylococcus aureus

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3160 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 5382-5387

Author(s):

Irshad Ul Haq Bhat ◽

Maisarah Binti Alias

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Synthetic Approach ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

X Ray ◽

Melastoma Malabathricum ◽

Resonance Band

The approach towards green synthetic methods has been enormously encouraged to synthesise nanoparticles for various uses. In this study, the one-pot synthetic method was adapted to synthesise silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Melastoma malabathricum (M. malabathricum) aqueous extract. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by observing the results obtained by optical characterisation methods. The plasma resonance band along with shoulder at 375 nm and 595 nm, respectively, in Uv-Visible spectra supported the conversion of silver (Ag) to AgNPs reduced by functional groups present in the plant extract. The size of AgNPs was 31 nm and cubic in shape as confirmed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) using Scherer equation. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) results also confirmed the presence of silver. The FTIR characterisation confirmed the presence of reducing functional groups. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was carried out by disc diffusion method with increasing concentration of AgNPs, and enhanced inhibition zone was observed. The AgNPs obtained can be further explored against different bacterial strains and can a potential candidate as an antibacterial agent using the green synthetic approach.

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The barley immune receptor Mla recognizes multiple pathogens and contributes to host range dynamics

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-27288-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jan Bettgenhaeuser ◽

Inmaculada Hernández-Pinzón ◽

Andrew M. Dawson ◽

Matthew Gardiner ◽

Phon Green ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Stripe Rust ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Host Species ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Puccinia Striiformis ◽

Species Specificity ◽

Wheat Stripe Rust ◽

Barley Powdery Mildew ◽

Barley Stripe Rust

AbstractCrop losses caused by plant pathogens are a primary threat to stable food production. Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) is a fungal pathogen of cereal crops that causes significant, persistent yield loss. Stripe rust exhibits host species specificity, with lineages that have adapted to infect wheat and barley. While wheat stripe rust and barley stripe rust are commonly restricted to their corresponding hosts, the genes underlying this host specificity remain unknown. Here, we show that three resistance genes, Rps6, Rps7, and Rps8, contribute to immunity in barley to wheat stripe rust. Rps7 cosegregates with barley powdery mildew resistance at the Mla locus. Using transgenic complementation of different Mla alleles, we confirm allele-specific recognition of wheat stripe rust by Mla. Our results show that major resistance genes contribute to the host species specificity of wheat stripe rust on barley and that a shared genetic architecture underlies resistance to the adapted pathogen barley powdery mildew and non-adapted pathogen wheat stripe rust.

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Inheritance and Molecular Mapping of Barley Genes Conferring Resistance to Wheat Stripe Rust

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-95-0884 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 95 (8) ◽

pp. 884-889 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Vihanga Pahalawatta ◽

Xianming Chen

Keyword(s):

Resistance Gene ◽

Microsatellite Marker ◽

Stripe Rust ◽

Molecular Mapping ◽

Puccinia Striiformis ◽

Infection Type ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Wheat Stripe Rust ◽

Rust Pathogen ◽

Type Data

Most barley cultivars are resistant to stripe rust of wheat that is caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. The barley cv. Steptoe is susceptible to all identified races of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei (PSH), the barley stripe rust pathogen, but is resistant to most P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races. To determine inheritance of the Steptoe resistance to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, a cross was made between Steptoe and Russell, a barley cultivar susceptible to some P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races and all tested P. striiformis f. sp. hordei races. Seedlings of parents and F1, BC1, F2, and F3 progeny from the barley cross were tested with P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races PST-41 and PST-45 under controlled greenhouse conditions. Genetic analyses of infection type data showed that Steptoe had one dominant gene and one recessive gene (provisionally designated as RpstS1 and rpstS2, respectively) for resistance to races PST-41 and PST-45. Genomic DNA was extracted from the parents and 150 F2 plants that were tested for rust reaction and grown for seed of F3 lines. The infection type data and polymorphic markers identified using the resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) technique were analyzed with the Mapmaker computer program to map the resistance genes. The dominant resistance gene in Steptoe for resistance to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races was mapped on barley chromosome 4H using a linked microsatellite marker, HVM68. A linkage group for the dominant gene was constructed with 12 RGAP markers and the microsatellite marker. The results show that resistance in barley to the wheat stripe rust pathogen is qualitatively inherited. These genes might provide useful resistance against wheat stripe rust when introgressed into wheat from barley.

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Green synthesis, structural characterization, and catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles stabilized with Bridelia retusa leaf extract

Green Processing and Synthesis ◽

10.1515/gps-2016-0236 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 30-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Ramesh Vinayagam ◽

Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan ◽

Raja Selvaraj

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Rhodamine B ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Dye Degradation ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Spectroscopic Studies ◽

Metallic Silver ◽

X Ray ◽

Bridelia Retusa

Abstract:An environmentally benign method to synthesize silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using the leaf extract ofBridelia retusawas developed. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum of the synthesized SNPs displayed a surface plasmon peak at 420 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the irregular shaped nanoparticles, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) ascertained the presence of metallic silver by showing a strong signal at 3 eV. The crystalline structure of metallic silver was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mean size of the SNPs was calculated as 16.21 nm. Fourier infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic studies displayed specific bands for various functional groups and affirmed the function of reduction and stabilization of SNPs. The stability was endorsed by the zeta potential value of −18.1 mV. The results evidenced that this leaf extract-mediated synthesis method is eco-friendly, rapid, and cheap. The catalytic power of the SNPs was investigated for Rhodamine B dye degradation. The SNPs completely degraded Rhodamine B within 9 min; thus, the dye degradation process was very rapid. The pseudo-first order degradation constant was found out to be 0.1323 min−1. This paves the way for the future development of novel nano-catalysts to reduce environmental pollution.

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Pathogens which threaten food security: Puccinia striiformis, the wheat stripe rust pathogen

Food Security ◽

10.1007/s12571-020-01016-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 239-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Xianming Chen

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Stripe Rust ◽

Puccinia Striiformis ◽

Wheat Stripe Rust ◽

Rust Pathogen

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Core–shell structures with metallic silver as nucleation agent of low expansion phases in BaO/SrO/ZnO/SiO2 glasses

CrystEngComm ◽

10.1039/c9ce00693a ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (29) ◽

pp. 4373-4386 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christian Thieme ◽

Michael Kracker ◽

Katrin Thieme ◽

Christian Patzig ◽

Thomas Höche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Nucleating Agent ◽

Shell Structures ◽

Metallic Silver ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Nucleation Agent ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Scanning Transmission

The role of silver as a nucleating agent in BaO/SrO/ZnO/SiO2 glasses is studied with a range of microstructure-characterization techniques, such as scanning transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction.

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