Aspects of Non-edible Vegetable Oil-Based Bio-lubricants in the Automotive Sector

Green ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashvir Singh ◽  
Rajnish Garg ◽  
Suresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Wear Property ◽  
Automotive Sector ◽  
Machine Reliability ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Price Hike ◽  
Edible Vegetable Oil

AbstractLubricants act as anti-friction media and facilitate smooth operations, maintain machine reliability and lead to reduction in the risk of frequent failures. Around the globe, petroleum-based reserves are depleting which results in price hike, creating concern about environmental pollution. The researchers are focusing on developing and using an eco-friendly lubricant derived from renewable resources. Non-edible vegetable oil-based bio-lubricants are eco-friendly due to their biodegradability, non-toxicity and net zero greenhouse gas emission. This study presents the potential of using non-edible vegetable-based bio-lubricants in the automotive sector. The first part of the study discusses about the resources, properties, as well as advantages and application of the bio-lubricants. In the second part of this paper, the potential of non-edible oil-based bio-lubricants as alternatives are discussed. The final part includes the description about the global lubricant market and prospects for the future. Non-edible vegetable oil-based bio-lubricants have enhanced lubricity, high viscosity, good anti-wear property, high viscosity index, increased equipment service life, high load carrying ability, low evaporation rates and low emission of metal traces into the atmosphere.

THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CACTUS AND MINERAL OIL BLENDS USING FOUR-BALL TRIBOTESTER

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hassan ◽  
S. Syahrullail ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Tribological Characteristics ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Commercial Lubricant

The oil derived from vegetables has been seen as an alternative to mineral oils for lubricants because of certain inherent technical properties, renewable source and their abilities to biodegrade. Vegetable oil is known to have a high viscosity index with a higher lubricity value compared to mineral oil. Despite its potentiality as a candidate alternative, vegetable oil has several limitations. It has a low wear resistance, and it is highly sensitive to temperatures with tribological characteristics. The majority of technical solutions, including additivation, chemical alterations, and blending, are being proposed as means of overcoming the listed limitations. This study seeks to investigate the characteristics of cactus oil with respect to its use as a bio-lubricant as well as the characteristics of environmentally friendly vegetable oil when they are mixed with mineral oils as alternative oil for petroleum, using the four-ball tribotester. The volumetric blending ratio was varied (20% to 80%) and these blends were performed at 1200 rpm, for one hour, with 40 kg of load at a temperature of 75ºC (ASTM D4172-B) standard. According to the results, it was found that the lowest wear scar diameter was 431.23µm, which was identified in the blend of 20% cactus oil with 80% mineral oil which symbolized by (CC20%), compared to that of neat cactus oil at 669.16 µm and mineral oil at 546.46 µm.In addition, the result also indicates that a 80% addition of cactus oil, the coefficient of friction tends to decrease compared to the values of neat cactus oil. Finally, it is concluded, the blends of cactus oil with commercial lubricant oil have better performance compared to commercial lubricant oil or neat cactus oil.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Minyak Kelapa dan Sawit Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Tribologi Pelumas SAE 40

Jurnal METTEK ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dedison Gasni ◽  
KM Abdul Razak ◽  
Ahmad Ridwan ◽  
Muhammad Arif
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari penambahan minyak kelapa dan sawit terhadap sifat fisik dan tribologi pelumas SAE 40. Vegetabel oil, seperti; minyak kelapa dan sawit, memiliki nilai viskositas indek yang tinggi dan sifat pelumasan yang baik terutama didaerah boundary lubrication jika dibandingkan dengan mineral oil (SAE 40). Hal ini disebabkan karena vegetabel oil memiliki kandungan fatty acids yang tidak dimiliki oleh mineral oil. Keunggulan lain dari minyak kelapa dan sawit adanya sifat yang ramah lingkungan karena mudah terurai di alam dan dapat diperbaharui. Pada penelitian ini sifat yang baik dari minyak kelapa dan sawit ini akan dimanfaatkan sebagai zat aditif pada minyak pelumas SAE 40. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap sifat fisik dan tribology dengan penambahan 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% berat dari minyak kelapa dan sawit ke dalam minyak pelumas SAE 40. Pengujian sifat fisik terdiri dari pengukuran viskositas pada temperatur 400C dan 1000C dan viskositas index. Pengujian sifat tribologi untuk menentukan keausan dan koefisien gesek berdasarkan ASTM G99 dengan menggunakan alat uji pin on disk. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh bahwa dengan penambahan minyak kelapa dan sawit kedalam minyak pelumas SAE 40 terjadi peningkatan viskositas indeks. Peningkatan viskositas indeks sebanyak  17% dengan penambahan 20% minyak sawit. Terjadi perubahan sifat tribologi dengan penambahan minyak sawit, berupa penurunan keausan dan nilai koefisien gesek dibandingkan dengan penambahan minyak kelapa. This study aims to determine the effect of coconut and palm oils as additives to physical and tribological properties of SAE 40 lubricating oil . Vegetable oils, such as; coconut oil and palm oil, have high viscosity index and good lubrication properties, especially in boundary lubrication compared to mineral oil. This is due to vegetable oil having fatty acids that are not owned by mineral oil. The advantages of coconut oil and palm oil are environmentally friendly properties because they are biodegradable and renewable. In this study, the good properties of coconut and palm oils will be used as additives in SAE 40 lubricating oil. Tests are carried out on the physical and tribological properties with the addition of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of coconut and palm oils into SAE 40 lubricating oil. Physical properties testing consists of measuring viscosity at temperatures of 400C and 1000C and viscosity index. The tribological test is to determine wear and coefficient of friction based on ASTM G99 using a pin on disc test equipment. From the test results,  it was found that coconut and palm oils as additives into SAE 40 lubricating oil could increase in viscosity index. The increase of  the viscosity index was 17% by adding 20% of palm oil. There was a change of tribological properties in the form of decreasing on the wear and the coefficient of friction with the addition of palm oil compare to addition of coconut oil.

Investigation of the qualities of some promising oils of the Absheron oil and gas region

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Abdulayeva ◽  
◽  
N.H. Alekperova ◽  
S.B. Logmanova ◽  
N.F. Kafarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Oil Fractions ◽  
Low Sulfur Content ◽  
Selective Refining ◽  
Low Sulfur

The article presents the characteristics of characteristic oils of the Apsheron oil and gas region, as well as the hydrocarbon composition of light and oil fractions. Oils of the Apsheron oil and gas region in terms of light fractions, sulfur content, and density are comparable to marketing grades of oils. The standards for prices are: graded crude oil WTI, Light Sweet, Brent, and Russian oils Sokol, Urals, Siberian Light are approaching them. We have studied in detail the yields and hydrocarbon composition of light and oil fractions of oils from the Apsheron oil and gas region. To obtain oils with a high viscosity index, studies were carried out to change the structure of oil fractions using hydrogen using the example of oil fractions of Azeri oil. Due to the significant content of aromatic hydrocarbons, schemes for the processing of oil fractions have been developed, including selective purification of distillates, dewaxing (except for Guneshli oil), as well as hydrocatalytic treatment in a severe mode in the presence of industrial Russian catalysts. As a result, it was possible to obtain API group I oils, according to the viscosity classification corresponding to SAE 20 and SAE 30. Thus, a study of the qualities and hydrocarbon composition of oils from the Absheron oil and gas region showed that these oils are characterized by a high content of light fractions, low density, and low sulfur content. According to these indicators, these oils correspond to the marker oils. In order to obtain base oils with a viscosity index of ≥90 and an aromatic hydrocarbon content of ≥10, a traditional refining method was used: selective refining, dewaxing, and severe hydrotreating.

scholarly journals Carotenoid extraction using edible vegetable oil: an enriched provitamin A product

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Galhardo Borguini ◽  
Sidney Pacheco ◽  
Davy William Hidalgo Chávez ◽  
Giovana Almeida Couto ◽  
Allan Eduardo Wilhelm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Edible Vegetable Oil

scholarly journals Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Residual Soybean Oil from Spent Bleaching Earth

2021 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Chanatip Dejkajorn ◽  
Panawan Suttiarporn ◽  
Hussanai Sukkathanyawat ◽  
Kittisak Wichianwat ◽  
Saichon Sriphan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Bleaching Earth ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ethanol Mixture ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Edible Vegetable Oil

Spent bleaching earth (SBE) which is generated from bleaching process is a valuable industrial waste of edible vegetable oil production because of residual edible vegetable oil absorbed. The residual oil in spent bleaching earth can be recovered and reused for application in the industries such as the production of biodiesel and lubricant. Currently, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique is widely used because this method has a shorter extraction time and less solvent consumption when compared with traditional methods. In this study, MAE combined with solvent reflux was optimized using solvent screening experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain the highest yield of MAE extraction of residual soybean oil from spent bleaching earth. The extraction yield of residual soybean oil obtained from selected solvent were hexane-ethanol mixture (2:1 v/v, 10.19%) > hexane-ethanol mixture (1:1 v/v, 10.00%) >hexane-ethanol mixture (1:2 v/v, 9.98%) > hexane-ethanol mixture (1:3 v/v, 9.83%) > hexane-ethanol mixture (3:1 v/v, 8.59%) > hexane (8.17%) > acetone (7.73%). The regression coefficient (R-squared = 0.9852) expresses the accuracy of the regression and indicates the relationship between experimental data and predicted result, with high regression coefficient close to 1, which is remarkably desired. The experiment conditions for optimal MAE extraction of residual soybean oil from SBE were hexane-ethanol mixture (2:1 v/v), liquid to solid ratio 15.56:1 mL/g, extraction time 12.22 min, and microwave power 350 W. Under such conditions, the highest predicted value of the extraction yield of residual soybean oil was 10.43%.

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