Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Residual Soybean Oil from Spent Bleaching Earth

Spent bleaching earth (SBE) which is generated from bleaching process is a valuable industrial waste of edible vegetable oil production because of residual edible vegetable oil absorbed. The residual oil in spent bleaching earth can be recovered and reused for application in the industries such as the production of biodiesel and lubricant. Currently, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique is widely used because this method has a shorter extraction time and less solvent consumption when compared with traditional methods. In this study, MAE combined with solvent reflux was optimized using solvent screening experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain the highest yield of MAE extraction of residual soybean oil from spent bleaching earth. The extraction yield of residual soybean oil obtained from selected solvent were hexane-ethanol mixture (2:1 v/v, 10.19%) > hexane-ethanol mixture (1:1 v/v, 10.00%) >hexane-ethanol mixture (1:2 v/v, 9.98%) > hexane-ethanol mixture (1:3 v/v, 9.83%) > hexane-ethanol mixture (3:1 v/v, 8.59%) > hexane (8.17%) > acetone (7.73%). The regression coefficient (R-squared = 0.9852) expresses the accuracy of the regression and indicates the relationship between experimental data and predicted result, with high regression coefficient close to 1, which is remarkably desired. The experiment conditions for optimal MAE extraction of residual soybean oil from SBE were hexane-ethanol mixture (2:1 v/v), liquid to solid ratio 15.56:1 mL/g, extraction time 12.22 min, and microwave power 350 W. Under such conditions, the highest predicted value of the extraction yield of residual soybean oil was 10.43%.

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Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2018/9579872 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hui Wang ◽

Xiaodi Ma ◽

Qibin Cheng ◽

Xiaoli Xi ◽

Liwei Zhang

Keyword(s):

Maximum Yield ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have attracted significant attention as green media for the extraction and separation of natural compounds from Chinese medicine. In this study, a hydrophobic DESs-based microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was successfully used to efficiently extract baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Firstly, DecA: N4444-Cl (DES-1 , molar ratio 1 : 2) was screened and selected as the most appropriate DES by comparing the extraction yield in different hydrophobic DESs. Based on the extraction yield of baicalin, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to model and optimize the parameters (extraction temperature, liquid-solid ratio, and extraction time). Furthermore, the maximum yield of 106.96 mg·g−1 was achieved under optimum conditions in DES-containing aqueous solutions (33 vol% water content), which reached a similar level that was conducted using the pharmacopoeia procedure (104.94 mg·g−1). These results indicated that the proposed method is an excellent alternative for the extraction of baicalin.

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Microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Phyllostachys heterocycla leaves: Optimization, mechanism, and antioxidant activity in vitro

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.4.8060-8081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 8060-8081

Author(s):

Jie Xu ◽

Jianjun Wu ◽

Juan Qi ◽

Juan Li ◽

Yongju Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Extraction Technology ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Phyllostachys Heterocycla

Flavonoids were extracted from Phyllostachys heterocycla leaves by adopting microwave-assisted extraction technology. Based on the single factor experiment and Plackett-Burman design results, the extraction process of flavonoids was further optimized using the response surface methodology. The optimum conditions were as follows: an ethanol concentration of 78.1%, an extraction time of 24.9 min, and a microwave power of 559 W. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of flavonoids was 4.67%, which was in close proximity to the predicted value (4.70%) and higher than the extraction yield from traditional Soxhlet extraction (3.35%). Moreover, the possible extraction mechanisms of these two extraction methods were further derived to explain why the microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids was more efficient compared with traditional Soxhlet extraction. Ultimately, the antioxidant activities in vitro of flavonoids from Phyllostachys heterocycla leaves were evaluated via DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. The flavonoids from Phyllostachys heterocycla leaves exhibited excellent antioxidant activities in vitro and Phyllostachys heterocycla leaves could be a new natural source for developing antioxidants. Overall, the findings of this research could provide a theoretical reference for the further comprehensive development and utilization of bamboo resources.

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Impact of Eutectic Solvents Utilization in the Microwave Assisted Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Grape Pomace

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules27010246 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 246

Author(s):

Rodrigo T. Neto ◽

Sónia A. O. Santos ◽

Joana Oliveira ◽

Armando J. D. Silvestre

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Choline Chloride ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Degree Of Polymerization ◽

Grape Pomace ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Effective Combination ◽

The Mean

The extraction of proanthocyanidins (PACs), despite being an important and limiting aspect of their industrial application, is still largely unexplored. Herein, the possibility of combining eutectic solvents (ESs) with microwave assisted extraction (MAE) in the extraction of PACs from grape pomace (GP) is explored, aiming to improve not only the extraction yield but also the mean degree of polymerization (mDP). The combination of choline chloride with lactic acid was shown to be the most effective combination for PACs extraction yield (135 mgPAC/gGP) and, despite the occurrence of some depolymerization, also enabled us to achieve the highest mDP (7.13). Additionally, the combination with MAE enabled the process to be completed in 3.56 min, resulting in a considerably reduced extraction time.

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Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. plant treatment by ultrasounds and microwaves to improve antioxidants yield and quality: An overview

The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research - July-December 2021 ◽

10.51745/najfnr.5.11.53-68 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 53-68

Author(s):

Farida Berkani ◽

Maria Luísa Serralheiro ◽

Farid Dahmoune ◽

Malik Mahdjoub ◽

Nabil Kadri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Point Of View ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Industrialization Process ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

The purpose of this review is to compile the literature published about different aspects of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) use and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) applied on jujube worldwide and to compare the results on the antioxidant activity obtained for each extraction method. As a result of the increased consumers demand for natural products, as well as for those of agro-food, nutraceutical, cosmetic industries, and green extraction techniques are nowadays trending to be potential alternatives that can improve antioxidant yield and its quality from an economical and environmental point of view by reducing time, energy, and solvent consumption. Ultrasounds and microwaves are widely used methods in the extraction of active principles due to their cavitation and dipolar rotation effect, respectively. These two techniques provide efficiency of extraction while minimizing the time and preserving the quality of the food matrix, overcoming the disadvantages of conventional techniques characterized by their consumption of large quantities of solvents and providing a sparse quantity of extraction. Jujube, a shrub with a high antioxidant potential, which can be affected by various extraction conditions can be the target of UAE and MAE to increase the antioxidant extraction yield. Exploiting the beneficial properties such as the antioxidant activity can lead to an industrialization process, replacing therefor synthetic antioxidants with natural compounds. These can also help in the development of new nutraceuticals and can be used, for instance, in agro-food industries as preservatives. Keywords : Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), antioxidants, Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam plant.

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Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Sideritis raeseri, Sideritis scardica and Origanum vulgare

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411014666180423125631 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 106-111

Author(s):

Ioannis Sarakatsianos ◽

Konstantinos Adamopoulos ◽

Victoria Samanidou ◽

Athanasia Goula ◽

Elissavet Ninou

Keyword(s):

Microwave Radiation ◽

Plant Material ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Origanum Vulgare ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Phenolic Constituents

Background: Medicinal plants consist a rich source of natural pharmacologically active compounds. The aim of the current work, was the study and optimization of the extraction conditions of phenolic constituents from important medicinal and aromatic plants, id. Sideritis raeseri, Sideritis scardica and Origanum vulgare, implementing microwave assisted extraction technique. Methods: Optimization was based on various parameters affecting extraction procedure, such as the duration of microwave radiation, the ratio of plant material mass to the solvent, the type and the concentration of the solvent. Results: The results revealed that 10 min of microwave radiation provided the maximum extraction yield of the phenolic constituents. The ratio of the plant material mass and the solvent had minor effect to the extraction efficiency. Conclusion: The examined solvents provided an extraction yield of phenolic constituents following the order: EtOH<MeOH<H2O<MeOH:H2O (80:20, v/v)<EtOH:H2O (60:40, v/v), in the case of Sideritis raeseri and Sideritis scardica and the order: H2O<MeOH:H2O (80:20, v/v)<EtOH:H2O (60:40, v/v) < MeOH<EtOH in the case of Origanum vulgare.

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Study on Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Radix astragali

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.1634 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 675-677 ◽

pp. 1634-1637 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cong Liang Huang

Keyword(s):

Irradiation Time ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Radix Astragali ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Orthogonal Test Design

In this study, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was employed for the extraction of polysaccharides from Radix Astragali (PRA). The extraction parameters that influenced the extraction yield of PRA were optimized by orthogonal test design. The results showed that the optimal MAE conditions were as followings: liquid-solid ratio of 18 ml/g, irradiation time of 8 min, irradiation power of 300 W and extraction temperature of 65°C, while extraction yield of PRA was 8.39 %. The developed MAE method provided a good alternative for the extraction of PRA.

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OPTIMIZATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS EXTRACTION FROM PURPLE BASIL LEAF BY CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE ASSISTED EXTRACTION METHOD

Latin American Applied Research - An international journal ◽

10.52292/j.laar.2021.569 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 285-292

Author(s):

Basak ebru Ozcan ◽

Osman Sagdic ◽

Salih Karasu ◽

Kubra Ozkan ◽

Alican Akcicek

Keyword(s):

Extraction Methods ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Conventional Solvent Extraction ◽

Phenolic Extraction ◽

Optimum Extraction

The present study aimed to determine the optimum extraction conditions of conventional solvent extraction (CSE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) techniques to obtain maximum total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), total anthocyanin (TAC) and antioxidant capacity (AA). Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were used to determine optimum points of CSE and MAE. Both two extraction methods, all parameters significantly affected TPC, AA, TFC and TAC (p<0.05). MAE showed higher bioactive compounds yield than that of CSE. Optimum point for CSE and MAE was found to be 60Â°C and 30 min and 591.83 W and 2.98 min respectively. TPC, AA, TFC and TAC were obtained as 33.81mg/g, 160.27 mg/g, 11.89 mg/g and 331.01 mg/kg for CSE and 62.99 mg/g, 214.62 mg/g, 21.80 mg/g and 3462.93 mg/kg for MAE respectively. This study recommended that the MAE should be used for the extraction of PBL to increase phenolic extraction yield.

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Microwave assisted extraction of essential oils from enzymatically pretreated lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Miller)

Open Chemistry ◽

10.2478/s11532-014-0532-4 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 829-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ioan Calinescu ◽

Adina Gavrila ◽

Maria Ivopol ◽

Gabriel Ivopol ◽

Mariana Popescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Enzyme Concentration ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Lavandula Angustifolia ◽

Enzymatic Pretreatment ◽

23 Factorial Design ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Factorial Design Of Experiments

AbstractIn this study, microwave assisted a hydrodistillation process (MWHD) of essential oils from lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Miller) was investigated. In order to examine any potential differences in essential oil extraction, the lavender flowers underwent enzymatic pretreatment.A 23 factorial design of experiments, combined with statistical methods of data analysis were used to optimize enzymatic pretreatment and to evaluate the influence of major variables (enzyme concentration, temperature and pH) on the performance of the microwave assisted extraction.Under optimal conditions, an extraction yield of 24 mg oil g−1 substrate was achieved (an increase by approximately 25% in comparison with the classic extraction conditions of conventional hydrodistillation).The main compounds of the essential oils obtained were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Analyzing the data obtained indicated that the content of main compounds (linalool and linalyl acetate − 73%) was greater than that obtained by conventional extraction (67%).

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Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Panax japlcus Var

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.919 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 774-776 ◽

pp. 919-922

Author(s):

Xiao Song ◽

Peng Zhao

Keyword(s):

Microwave Power ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Raw Material ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Optimum Extraction

Polysaccharide fromPanax japlcus var(PJVPs) was extracted with microwave-assisted (MAE). The effects of operating conditions, such as extraction time, ratio of water to raw material , and microwave power, on the extraction yield of PJVPs were studied through a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time 9.14 min, power 728.5 W and ratio of water to raw material 27.57ml/g. The yield of polysaccharide was 14.02 % based on the above mentioned conditions.

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Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Curcuma longa L. Oil: Optimization, Chemical Structure and Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Comparison with Conventional Soxhlet Extraction

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26061516 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1516

Author(s):

Rut Fernández-Marín ◽

Susana C. M. Fernandes ◽

María A. Andrés ◽

Jalel Labidi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction

Curcuma root (Curcuma longa L.) is a very important plant in gastronomy and medicine for its unique antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Conventional methods for the extraction of curcuma oil require long extraction times and high temperatures that can degrade the active substances. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were: (i) first, to optimize the extraction yield of curcuma oil by applying a Box-Behnken experimental design using surface response methodology to the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique (the independent variables studied were reaction time (10–30 min), microwave power (150–200 W) and curcuma powder/ethanol ratio (1:5–1:20; w/v); and, (ii) second, to assess the total phenolic content (TPC) and their antioxidant activity of the oil (at the optimum conditions point) and compare with the conventional Soxhlet technique. The optimum conditions for the MAE were found to be 29.99 min, 160 W and 1:20 w/v to obtain an optimum yield of 10.32%. Interestingly, the oil extracted by microwave-assisted extraction showed higher TPC and better antioxidant properties than the oil extracted with conventional Soxhlet technique. Thus, it was demonstrated that the method applied for extraction influences the final properties of the extracted Curcuma longa L. oil.

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