Study and Research on Cleaning Procedures of Anaerobic Digestion Products / Studium A Výzkum Postupů Čištění Anaerobní Digesce

Abstract This paper focuses on increasing quantities of digestate, a final product of anaerobic digestion, in biogas stations being built as alternative sources of energy. The potential use of digestate is limited due to its rather specific physical properties. This paper presents current approaches to digestate and digestate management. The objective is to compare the properties of digestate and the products of its separation via centrifuging, i.e. the liquid phase known as digestate liquor, and the solid phase referred to as digestate fibre. Its focus is mainly laid on techniques for dewatering digestate in low-solid anaerobic processes only, which have been tested for the effectiveness of the basic physical and chemical methods including their combinations. The measured results show that the use of coagulants and flocculants for this purpose would be very problematic in practice with regard to their high consumption as well as the need to input other elements into the process.

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Physicochemical Properties of Klutuk banana Leaves (Musa balbisiana Colla) Susu and Wulung Cultivars with its Potential as Antioxidant

Journal of Agri-Food Science and Technology ◽

10.12928/jafost.v1i1.1942 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

Safinta Nurindra Rahmadhia ◽

Titisari Juwitningtyas

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Musa Balbisiana ◽

Banana Leaves ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Banana Leaf ◽

Potential Use

Banana leaf is mostly used as food packaging materials. The most often used leaf of banana trees is from Klutuk banana. Its leaf is the broadest and most durable among other banana leaf cultivars. However, the research of potential use of Klutuk banana leaf has not much done. In this research, the physical and chemical properties of Klutuk banana leaves will be observed from the very top to the bottom of the tree. Physical properties explored from Klutuk banana leaves are tensile strength, elongation, thickness, and color of the leaf. The leaf then will be extracted using methanol so that its antioxidant properties can be known. The leaf from the third petiole of Klutuk banana susu and wulung cultivars, has the best physical properties, i.e., mechanical, color, and antioxidant activity properties, and is best to use as food packaging material. The most significant activity of antioxidant is found from the first shoot of Klutuk banana susu and wulung leaf cultivars.

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Humic Substances Potential Use

10.53902/mtahs.2021.01.000502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cleire Luciano Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Humic Substances ◽

Root Development ◽

Chemical Structure ◽

Agricultural Productivity ◽

Plant Metabolism ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Main Effects ◽

Potential Use

There are studies that demonstrate several benefits of humic substances in agriculture. Based on this, this mini review aimed to present the main effects of the use of humic substances on the soil and the plant. For this, bibliographical references were used with an approach to humic substances on a world scale. Overall, the review showed that the chemical, microbiological and physical properties of humic substances can ensure an increase in agricultural productivity as a result of the benefits it promotes for the physical and chemical structure of the soil, for root development and plant metabolism, generating benefits in increasing agricultural productivity.

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Humic Substances Potential Use

10.53902/mthr.2021.01.000502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cleire Luciano Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Humic Substances ◽

Root Development ◽

Chemical Structure ◽

Agricultural Productivity ◽

Plant Metabolism ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Main Effects ◽

Potential Use

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Solid-State Microwave Modification of Flocculants for Wastewater Treatment

Ecology and Industry of Russia ◽

10.18412/1816-0395-2019-8-26-31 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

T.V. Shevchenko ◽

Yu.V. Ustinova ◽

A.M. Popov ◽

Sh.A. Fairushin ◽

V.P. Yustratov

Keyword(s):

Shear Stress ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Solid State ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Sedimentation Rate ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Phase Modification ◽

Preliminary Preparation

Presents the results of research on the creation of effective technical preparations – flocculants based on polyacrylamide, modified by the physical action of microwaves with frequency 4.5 GHz on their solid phase. The change in the basic physical properties of the working solutions of flocculants was established (dissolution rate, shear stress values, efficiency and sedimentation rate). Mechanisms of microwave solid phase modification and features of dissolution of pretreated batches of solid polyelectrolyte fractions are proposed. On the basis of rheological studies of prepared working solutions of flocculants and test experiments on the flocculation of suspension a comparative evaluation of effectiveness of the action of microwaves on polyectrolyte during its preliminary preparation using solid phase and liquid phase modifications.

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Modification of polyolefins by reactive extrusion methods: a comparison of melt and solid-state modifications carried out on the same equipment

Plasticheskie massy ◽

10.35164/0554-2901-2019-11-12-21-26 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (11-12) ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

A. N. Zelenetsky ◽

M. D. Sizova ◽

V. P. Volkov ◽

S. N. Zelenetsky ◽

V. S. Bolduev

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Reactive Extrusion ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

High Adhesion ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The modification of polyolefi ns by polar monomers in the melt and solid state on one extruder was investigated. The features of changes in the physical and chemical properties of polyolefi ns with melt and solid modifi cations are studied.The reactivity of comonomers in liquid-phase and solid-phase modifi cation processes has been compared. The method of grafting solid modifi cation, in which pre-ozonated polyethylene is used as a copolymerization initiator, has been investigated. High adhesion properties of the copolymers were found.

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Agrochemical value of the liquid phase of wastes from fermentem during biogas production

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/180/2009-pse ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 23-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

L. Kolář ◽

S. Kužel ◽

J. Peterka ◽

J. Borová-Batt

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Solid Fuel ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Mineral Nutrients ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Cattle Slurry ◽

Solid Biofuels

We tested the procedure of combined phytomass utilization Integrated Generation of Solid Fuel and Biogas from Biomass (IFBB) proposed for ensiled grass matter from the aspect of suitability of its use for a typical substrate of new Czech biogas stations, a mixture of cattle slurry, maize silage and grass haylage. The agrochemical value of the liquid phase from a biofermenter was also evaluated. We concluded that this procedure is suitable for the tested substrate and improves the agrochemical value of a fugate from biogas production. By chlorine transfer to the liquid phase, it enables to use the solid phase as a material for production of solid biofuels with a reduced threat of the generation of polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans during combustion. However, the concentration of mineral nutrients in the liquid phase during IFBB procedure is extremely low after anaerobic digestion as a result of dilution with water, and so its volume value is negligible.

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On methods of modifying natural minerals

10.31643/2021.20 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

B. Kenzhaliyev ◽

◽

T. Surkova ◽

A. Berkinbayeva ◽

Z. Dossymbayeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid Phase ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Natural Sorbents ◽

The Republic ◽

Technogenic Raw Materials ◽

Phosphorus Production ◽

Physical And Chemical

Recently, more and more attention is paid to the ecological safety of the republic due to the increased threat of environmental pollution by radionuclides, particularly by uranium, while the processing of uranium-containing raw materials generates a significant amount of liquid industrial waste. The main waste disposal method is a sorption, which requires the use of inexpensive sorbents. Such sorbents can be obtained on the basis of domestic natural raw materials. The significant disadvantages of natural sorbents are a low sorption capacity, which can be increased by developing effective and relatively cheap methods for their modification. The absence of the methods of modification is a limiting factor for the widespread using of natural sorbents for environmental purposes. Variants of modification of natural aluminosilicate and coal-mineral raw materials of Kazakhstan by physical and chemical methods are considered. The chemical methods include the modification with a mixture of tributylphostat and di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid in kerosene to obtain "solid-phase extractants", a mixture of phosphoric acid and polyacrylamide, and the synthesis of organominerals. The possibility of using technogenic raw materials as a modifying reagent has been studied. Zeolite of the previously unexplored Kosmurun deposit and shungite of the Koksu deposit were selected for research, and slags of phosphorus production were selected as a technogenic raw materials. Their physical and chemical properties have been studied.

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Identification of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures by solid phase immune electron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100142815 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 238-239

Author(s):

C.D. Humphrey ◽

T.L. Cromeans ◽

E.H. Cook ◽

D.W. Bradley

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Rapid Detection ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Immune Electron Microscopy ◽

Detection And Identification

There is a variety of methods available for the rapid detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy as described in several reviews. The predominant techniques are classified as direct electron microscopy (DEM), immune electron microscopy (IEM), liquid phase immune electron microscopy (LPIEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM). Each technique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. However, in recent years, the most progress for identifying viruses has been realized by the utilization of SPIEM.

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Instant 99mTc Compounds

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1624749 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

pp. 245-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Richards ◽

W. C. Eckelman

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

High Purity ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Full Potential ◽

Labeled Compounds ◽

Ph Adjustment ◽

One Step ◽

Stannous Ion ◽

99Mtc Radiopharmaceuticals ◽

Potential Use

SummaryThe full potential use of technetium has not been achieved despite its ideal physical properties, dosimetry and availability because of the complex preparations required for 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals. One of the goals of our work is to develop techniques for the preparation of high-purity 99mTc compounds which can be easily prepared, ideally by adding pertechnetate to a prepared solution.The use of stannous ion as reducing agent for technetium makes it possible to obtain such one-step, high-purity products. All non-radioactive components can be premixed in a single vial before addition of the radioactive pertechnetate. No final pH adjustment, further chemical manipulation or purification is required.Procedures for two instantly labeled compounds have been developed to date: 99mTc DTPA and 99mTc HSA. The 99mTc DTPA is prepared by adding pertechnetate to a previously prepared solution of stannous ion and CaNa3 DTPA which has been stored at pH 4. The 99mTc HSA is prepared by adding pertechnetate to a solution of stannous ion and HSA. The parametric variations and analytical techniques involved in formulating these procedures are described. It appears that development of kits for other biologically interesting compounds may be possible using similar procedures.

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SYNTHESIS OF HYDROGEN IN ACOUSTOPLASMA DISCHARGE IN A LIQUID-PHASE STREAM

Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE) ◽

10.15518/isjaee.2019.01-03.042-048 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 42-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. A. Bulychev

Keyword(s):

Liquid Phase ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Plasma Discharge ◽

Raw Material ◽

Two Phase ◽

Reduced Pressure ◽

External Power Source ◽

Phase Medium

In this paper, the plasma discharge in a high-pressure fluid stream in order to produce gaseous hydrogen was studied. Methods and equipment have been developed for the excitation of a plasma discharge in a stream of liquid medium. The fluid flow under excessive pressure is directed to a hydrodynamic emitter located at the reactor inlet where a supersonic two-phase vapor-liquid flow under reduced pressure is formed in the liquid due to the pressure drop and decrease in the flow enthalpy. Electrodes are located in the reactor where an electric field is created using an external power source (the strength of the field exceeds the breakdown threshold of this two-phase medium) leading to theinitiation of a low-temperature glow quasi-stationary plasma discharge.A theoretical estimation of the parameters of this type of discharge has been carried out. It is shown that the lowtemperature plasma initiated under the flow conditions of a liquid-phase medium in the discharge gap between the electrodes can effectively decompose the hydrogen-containing molecules of organic compounds in a liquid with the formation of gaseous products where the content of hydrogen is more than 90%. In the process simulation, theoretical calculations of the voltage and discharge current were also made which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The reaction unit used in the experiments was of a volume of 50 ml and reaction capacity appeared to be about 1.5 liters of hydrogen per minute when using a mixture of oxygen-containing organic compounds as a raw material. During their decomposition in plasma, solid-phase products are also formed in insignificant amounts: carbon nanoparticles and oxide nanoparticles of discharge electrode materials.

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