scholarly journals Fungi colonizing and damaging different parts of some medicinal plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wielgusz ◽  
Katarzyna Seidler-Łożykowska
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Golovinomyces Cichoracearum

Summary Introduction: Many fungal species infect medicinal plants during their cultivation, causing great damage to the yield and decreasing the quality of raw material. Objective: Due to the increase in contamination of raw material and the damage caused by pathogenic fungi, the main species of medicinal plants cultivated in Poland were subject to the investigation. Methods: In 2012–2014, an experiment was conducted on eight medicinal plant species breeding nurseries grown in the field in Plewiska. The following species and cultivars were investigated: lemon balm, peppermint, St. John’s wort cv. ‘Topaz’, lovage cv. ‘Amor’, valerian cv. ‘Polka’, caraway cv. ‘Kończewicki’, sweet basil cv. ‘Wala’, marjoram cv. ‘Miraż’. Results: Fourteen species of eleven genera of pathogenic fungi were isolated from the investigated medicinal plants: Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium sp., Rhizoctonia solani, Septoria sp., Boeremia exiqua, Golovinomyces cichoracearum, Penicillium sp., Ramularia sp., and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The most severe infection was caused by Fusarium sp. and Botrytis cinerea. Also Cladosporium sp. (4 species), A. alternata and Septoria sp. (3 species) infected plant tissue. Leaves and stems were the most infected parts of the tested plants. Lemon balm, lovage and valerian were the most infected species, while marjoram was infected only with Fusarium sp.

scholarly journals Occurrence of pathogenic and endophytic fungi and their influence on quality of medicinal plants applied in management of neurological diseases and mental disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wielgusz ◽  
Lidia Irzykowska
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Herbal Plants

Summary Due to increasing demand of medicinal plants (MPs), quality and safety more attention to the plant health should be paid. Among herb pathogens, especially fungi cause serious diseases in these plants decreasing yield and quality of herbal raw material. Some species, i.e. Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp. are known as mycotoxin producers. Paradoxically, self-treatment with herbal raw material can expose the patient to mycotoxin activity. In tissues of some MPs species, asymptomatically endophytic fungi residue. It is known that they are able to influence a biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in their host plant or produce biologically active compounds. Until recently these microorganisms have been neglected as a component of MPs, the reason why there have unexplored bioactivity and biodiversity. The paper presents an overview of herbal plants that are used in the treatment of nervous system diseases. Pathogenic fungi that infect these plants are described. It focused mainly on species producing harmful mycotoxins. The publication presents a list of these mycotoxins and a brief description of their effects on human health. The second part of this article provides information on the occurrence of endophytic fungi in herbal plants and their effects on human health. Coexistence of fungi and medicinal plants is not fully understood but can be crucial to ensure health and safety of patients with neurological diseases and mental disorders.

scholarly journals Harvesting of Medicinal Plants in the Forest of Central India and its Impact on Quality of Raw Materials: A Case of Nagpur District, India

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Mishra ◽  
P. C. Kotwal ◽  
Chandan Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Central India ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Market Sample ◽  
Safed Musli

Adulteration and substitutions are frequent in raw material trade of medicinal plants. Several studies have been done for a number of important crude drug materials to distinguish the genuine material from adulterant. The efficient way to determine adulteration is through morphological and organoleptic studies. The objective of this study is to find out current harvesting methods, malpractices adopted by various stakeholders and ocular analysis of market samples, impacting quality of raw (dry) produce of selected species in market of Nagpur. In the natural forests Baibirang (Embelia ribes Burm.), Safed musli (mixed tubers of Chlorophytum borivilianum Baker, C. tuberosum Baker.), and Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) were collected just after the rains at unripe stage. The ocular observations of the market sample of Aonla, Baibirang fruits, Safed musli tubers indicate that mixing of old and diseased parts of same species and other adulterants is rampant in the local market. Laboratory analysis shows that in one kilogram of market sample, more than 20% raw material was found adulterated in all the selected species except Bach (Acorus calamus L.). Most of the selected plants were found adulterated, both intentionally and unintentionally. Major reasons for poor quality are unripe harvesting, mixing of inferior and cheap plant parts, mis-identification of species, non-availability of plant parts in required quantity, etc. Key words: Adulteration, quality, medicinal plants, harvesting, malpractices.  DOI: 10.3126/eco.v16i0.3471ECOPRINT 16: 35-42, 2009

scholarly journals Microbiological stability of canned tuna produced in Italy and in non-European countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Casalinuovo ◽  
Teresa Gazzotti ◽  
Paola Rippa ◽  
Lucia Ciambrone ◽  
Rosanna Musarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Canned Tuna ◽  
Microbiological Stability ◽  
Yeasts And Molds

The results of a study on the microbiological stability of canned tuna produced by Italian companies and similar canned products manufactured in countries outside Europe are reported herein. The study involved 38 samples of canned tuna of various brands, of which 14 were produced by companies outside Europe and 24 by Italian companies. Qualitative and quantitative microbiological tests were conducted for the following parameters: bacterial colony counts at 30°C, total coliforms, total <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>, sulphite-reducing anaerobes, <em>Salmonella</em> spp., <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, yeasts and molds. Bacterial loads and mold contamination were respectivelyin found in 8/14 (57%) samples from outside EU and 7/24 (29%) Italian samples. The bacterial flora was represented by Gram-positive bacteria (<em>Staphylococcus warneri</em>, <em>Staphylococcus lentus</em>,<em> Streptococcus mitis</em>, <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>, <em>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</em>), Gram-negative bacteria (<em>Sphingomonas paucimobilis</em>, <em>Acinetobacter iwoffii</em>, <em>Rhizobium radiobacter</em>), spore-forming bacteria (<em>Bacillus vallismortis</em>), while the fungal species was represented by <em>Penicillium</em> spp., <em>Rhizopus</em> spp., <em>Rhodotorula</em> spp. and <em>Alternaria</em> spp. Excluding anomalies in the thermal treatment process of products and any contamination after treatment, the contaminations encountered in both cases were most likely due to insufficient production quality standards and the quality of the raw material used. These results may require a redefinition of the concept of commercial stability as hitherto stated.

scholarly journals Identification of the viral determinant of hypovirulence and host range in Sclerotiniaceae of a genomovirus reconstructed from the plant metagenome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Feng ◽  
Jiuhuan Feng ◽  
Ziyi Wang ◽  
Connor Pedersen ◽  
Xiuqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Insect Cells ◽  
Infectious Clone ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Replication Initiation ◽  
Viral Determinant

Uncharacterized viral genomes that encode circular replication-associated proteins of single-stranded DNA viruses have been discovered by metagenomics/metatranscriptomics approaches. Some of these novel viruses are classified under the newly formed Genomoviridae family. Here, we determine the host range of a novel genomovirus, SlaGemV-1, through the transfection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with infectious clones. Inoculating with the rescued virions, we further transfected Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fruticola , two economically important members of family Sclerotiniaceae, and Fusarium oxysporum . SlaGemV-1 causes hypovirulence in S. sclerotiorum, B. cinerea , and M. fruticola . SlaGemV-1 also replicates in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells, but not in Caenorhabditis elegans nor plants. By expressing viral-encoded genes separately through site-specific integration, the replication protein alone was sufficient to cause debilitation. Our study is the first to demonstrate the reconstruction of a metagenomically discovered genomovirus without known hosts with the potential of inducing hypovirulence, and the infectious clone allows for studying mechanisms of genomovirus-host interactions that are conserved across genera. Importance Little is known about the exact host range of widespread genomoviruses. The genome of soybean leaf-associated gemygorvirus-1 (SlaGemV-1) was originally assembled from a metagenomic/metatranscriptomic study without known hosts. Here, we rescued SlaGemV-1 and found that it could infect three important plant pathogenic fungi and Fall armyworm (S. frugiperda , Sf9) insect cells, but not a model nematode, C. elegans , or model plant species. Most importantly, SlaGemV-1 shows promise for inducing hypovirulence of the tested fungal species under family Sclerotiniaceae, including Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , Botrytis cinerea , Monilinia fruticola . The viral determinant of hypovirulence was further identified as replication initiation protein. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that viromes discovered in plant metagenome can be a valuable genetic resource when novel viruses are rescued and characterized for their host range.

scholarly journals Optimasi Metode 1H-NMR Profiling pada Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma domestica)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Caroline Dwiseptianti ◽  
Febri Adi Susanto ◽  
Yekti Asih Purwestri ◽  
Tri Rini Nuringtyas
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Natural Medicine

The use of medicinal plants is increasing due to the lack of side effects caused and the number of bioactive compounds that cannot be represented by synthetic chemical synthesis compounds. However, the management and use of natural medicines for the main handling of diseases are often hampered by the quality of the ingredients which are low and unstable. The standardized quality control system of OAI (Indonesian Natural Medicine) is the main key to improve clinical assurance and safety of the use of herbal medicines in Indonesia. One of the medicinal plants known to the public is Curcuma longa L. (turmeric). The main active components contained in turmeric are curcumin, demetoksikurkumin, bis-demetoksikurkumin, and ar-turmeron. Information about the quality of turmeric is needed in its use as a raw material for drugs so we need an analytical technique that is able to identify the diversity of metabolite profiles of active compounds. In this research, an optimization method is used to improve efficiency in the extraction of turmeric rhizome metabolites so that the best solvent concentration is known for the analysis of fingerprinting secondary metabolites with 1H-NMR 500 MHz spectroscopy in turmeric rhizomes. The results were analyzed with MNOVA software and chemical shift obtained compared with the reference. From the results obtained a concentration of methanol-d4 (CD3OD) 100% able to extract curcumin better than other solvents. The solvent is able to extract saccharide (sugar) compounds in the form of sucrose, amino acids and fatty acids in the form of methionine, glutamine, acetate, and glycero phospho choline.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES ON THE VEGETAL MATERIAL QUALITY, IN ORDER TO OPTIMIZE OF SOME PROCESSING PROCESSES OF THE MEDICINAL PLANTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
AUGUSTINA PRUTEANU ◽  
LADISLAU DAVID ◽  
VALENTIN VLADUT ◽  
ADRIANA MUSCALU
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Material Quality ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Experimental Researches

In the production of medicinal plants, the phytotherapeutic products quality is given by the content and the amount of bioactive substances from the plant. The quality of the phytotherapeutic products is dependent on the quality of the vegetal raw material as well as by the quality of the manufacturing processes. This paper presents the experimental determinations of some physical and dimensional properties of the vegetal material, in order to separate by sorts and of obtaining of some vegetal extracts therefrom. The determinations were performed in order to optimize the separation and extraction processes of medicinal plants. Knowing the characteristics of the vegetal material is particularly important for the achievement of some high-performance technical equipment for processing of medicinal plants.

Fungal pathogens associated with wilting of Neolitsea cassia trees

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
A. L. M. Zuhry ◽  
R. G. A. S. Rajapaksha ◽  
J. Kahawatta ◽  
S.​ Kohombange
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
First Report ◽  
Collar Region

Neolitsea cassia, a tree species, belongs to family Lauraceae, is endemic to Sri Lanka. Few planted trees of Neolitsea cassia were severely affected by wilt disease. Two fungal pathogens were consistently isolated from collar region and roots of symptomatic trees. These two fungal species were identified as Colletotrichum and Pestalotiopsis by microscopic observations of conidia and culture characters of isolates on PDA. This is the first report of Colletotrichum and Pestalotiopsis species causing tree wilting of Neolitsea cassia in Sri Lanka. Application of 25 l of fungicide, Thiram + Thiophanate Methyl, 50+30% WP (Homai) solution (1g/l) around the base of each infected plant as a soil drenching was effectively controlled wilting of Neolitsea cassia caused by both pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES ON THE VEGETAL MATERIAL QUALITY, IN ORDER TO OPTIMIZE OF SOME PROCESSING PROCESSES OF THE MEDICINAL PLANTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
PRUTEANU AUGUSTINA ◽  
DAVID LADISLAU ◽  
VLADUT VALENTIN ◽  
MUSCALU ADRIANA
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Material Quality ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Experimental Researches

<p>In the production of medicinal plants, the phytotherapeutic products quality is given by the content and the amount of bioactive substances from the plant. The quality of the phytotherapeutic products is dependent on the quality of the vegetal raw material as well as by the quality of the manufacturing processes. This paper presents the experimental determinations of some physical and dimensional properties of the vegetal material, in order to separate by sorts and of obtaining of some vegetal extracts therefrom. The determinations were performed in order to optimize the separation and extraction processes of medicinal plants. Knowing the characteristics of the vegetal material is particularly important for the achievement of some high-performance technical equipment for processing of medicinal plants.</p>

scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN AMPLIFIKASI DNA KELADI TIKUS (Thyponium flagelliform) UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI KERAGAMAN GENETIK

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Mohamad Fazri Hikmatyar ◽  
Juwartina Ida Royani ◽  
Dasumiati .
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Ctab Method ◽  
Public Demand ◽  
Issr Primers

Keladi tikus (Typhonium flagelliforme) is one of considerable potential medicinal plants, especially as anticancer herbal medicine. In Indonesia, this plant grows throughout the island of Java, in part of Kalimantan, Sumatra and Papua. The development of Keladi tikus plants to provide raw material to meet public demand is constrained with the quality of the plants that is not standardized yet. DNA marker technique has been widely used for identification of standardization and diversity of varieties. The aims of this research were to isolate DNA from 17 accessions of Keladi tikus from various regions in Indonesia and to amplify the DNA using ISSR primers. The results obtained were 17 accessions of Keladi tikus that had been isolated using the modified CTAB method. Amplifications were done by using SBLT2 and SBLT8 primers that facilitated the appearance of the polymorphism bands on the 17 accessions of Keladi tikus. Thus, SBLT2 and SBLT8 primers can be used to identify genetic variations of Keladi Tikus.Keywords: Typonium flagelliforme, Keladi tikus, ISSR, medicinal plant, amplification ABSTRAKKeladi tikus (Typonium flagelliforme) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang cukup potensial khususnya sebagai obat herbal antikanker. Tanaman ini di Indonesia tersebar di sepanjang Pulau Jawa, sebagian Kalimantan, Sumatera dan Papua. Pengembangan tanaman keladi tikus untuk memenuhi bahan baku kebutuhan masyarakat saat ini terkendala pada mutu tanaman tersebut yang belum terstandar. Teknik penanda DNA telah banyak digunakan untuk standarisasi dan identifikasi keragaman varietas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi DNA dari 17 aksesi Keladi tikus dari berbagai daerah di Indonesia dan mengamplifikasi DNA tersebut dengan primer ISSR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 17 aksesi keladi tikus telah dapat diisolasi dengan menggunakan metode CTAB yang dimodifikasi. Amplifikasi dilakukan dengan primer SBLT2 dan SBLT8 yang mampu memunculkan pita-pita polimorfisme pada ke 17 aksesi Keladi tikus. Primer SBLT2 dan SBLT8 dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi variasi genetic Keladi tikus.Kata Kunci: Keladi tikus, Typonium flagelliforme, ISSR, tanaman obat, amplifikasi

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document