Synthesis of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin for fast manufacturing laminated veneer lumber (LVL)

Holzforschung ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 745-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Hong ◽  
Zhongji Gu ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Ping Zhu ◽  
Hailan Lian
Keyword(s):  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Cold Pressing ◽  
Laminated Veneer Lumber ◽  
High Production Efficiency ◽  
High Production ◽  
Winter Time

AbstractPhenol formaldehyde (PF) resin is a well-tried adhesive for manufacturing laminated veneer lumber (LVL). PF has a high bonding strength, good cold pressing property and contributes a lot to the high production efficiency of LVL. In the present paper, PFs were synthesized at three different alkaline condition levels with a molar formaldehyde to phenol (F/P) ratio of 2.25. The bonding strength of PFs was not influenced by the alkalinity. Compared with PFs synthesized under alkalinity of 1 and 4%, PF with 8% alkalinity formed a resin with a high mole mass (MM), uniform mole mass distribution (MMD) and a high cross-linking density. With PF8%, the cold pressing property could be shortened from 30 to 12 min in the winter time. Cured PF8%had a higher cross-linking density than PF1%and PF4%. PF8%has a high potential for industrial production of LVL.

scholarly journals Particle Acceleration in High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources

1994 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 877-881
Author(s):  
David Eichler
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Thick Target ◽  
Shock Acceleration ◽  
High Production Efficiency ◽  
Energy Gamma ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Energy Particles

AbstractMany proficient gamma-ray sources show energy spectra that are consistent with E−2 primary spectra. Such sources include recently identified gamma-ray quasars and some gamma-ray bursts. Assuming thick target conversion, this is consistent with shock acceleration, and the dominance of the gamma rays of the luminosity is also consistent with previous predictions of high production efficiency of fresh cosmic rays in shocks. The spectral cutoffs in the gamma rays may offer clues as to whether the high-energy particles are electrons or protons. Resolution of this matter might have implications for the nature of the sources and for theory of shock accelerated electrons.Subject headings: acceleration of particles — gamma rays: bursts — shock waves

scholarly journals 313 PERFORMANCE OF `STARKSPUR SUPREME' ON 15 APPLE ROOTSTOCKS OVER 10 YEARS AT 28 LOCATIONS IN THE NC-140 TRIAL

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 475c-475
Author(s):  
D.C. Ferree
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Apple Seedling ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
High Production Efficiency ◽  
North Central Regional ◽  
P 16 ◽  
High Production ◽  
Cooperative Project

In 1984 trees of `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' apple on 15 rootstocks were planted at 28 locations in North America according to guidelines established by The North Central Regional Cooperative Project (NC-140). The largest trees were on P.18, ANT.313, B.490 and seedling. Producing trees approximately 70% the size of seedling were rootstocks P.1 and M.7 EMLA while M.26 EMLA and C.6 were 50% the size of seedling. A group of rootstocks 30% the size of seedling or smaller were B.9, MAC.39, P.22, P.2, P.16. Rootstocks with high production efficiency were P.16, 8.9, P.22, P.2 and C.6. Rootstocks with low production efficiency similar to apple seedling were MAC.1, M.4., B.490, P.18 and ANT.313.

scholarly journals Wykorzystanie czynników produkcji w gospodarstwach specjalizujących się w chowie bydła rzeźnego w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (2) ◽  
pp. 280-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldona Skarżyńska
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Average Data ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
High Production Efficiency ◽  
Beef Producers ◽  
High Production ◽  
Value Production ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the study was to assess the use of production factors in farms specializing in production of cattle for fattening in six countries, which are the biggest producers of beef in the EU-15 (in France, Germany, Italy, Great Britain, Spain and Ireland) and in two countries included in the EU N13 (in Poland and Romania). The research used FADN EU average data in 2010-2015. The productivity and profitability of production factors, the economic efficiency of production and the dependence of farms on subsidies were examined. The results indicate an advantage of beef producers in Italy, Spain, Romania and Poland. In farms in France, Germany, Great Britain and Ireland, the costs were higher than the value production, as a result the income was a negative value. The loss was covered by subsidies, which also influenced the amount of income, but its level did not result from high production efficiency.

Low metabolic rate in scorpions: implications for population biomass and cannibalism

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lighton ◽  
P. Brownell ◽  
B. Joos ◽  
R. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Terrestrial Arthropods ◽  
Parsimonious Explanation ◽  
High Production Efficiency ◽  
High Production ◽  
Metabolic Expenditure

Scorpions are abundant in arid areas, where their population biomass may exceed that of vertebrates. Since scorpions are predators of small arthropods and feed infrequently across multi-year lifespans, a parsimonious explanation for their observed, anomalously high biomass may be a depressed metabolic rate (MR). We tested the hypothesis that scorpion MR is significantly depressed compared with that of other arthropods, and we also measured the temperature-dependence of the MR of scorpions to quantify the interaction between large seasonal variations in desert temperatures and MR and, thus, long-term metabolic expenditure. Scorpion MR increased markedly with temperature (mean Q(10)=2.97) with considerable inter-individual variation. At 25 degrees C, the MRs of scorpions from two genera were less than 24 % of those of typical terrestrial arthropods (spiders, mites, solpugids and insects) of the same mass. It is likely, therefore, that the low MR of scorpions contributes to their high biomass in arid areas. The combination of high biomass and high production efficiency associated with low MR may also favor a density-dependent ‘transgenerational energy storage’ strategy, whereby juveniles are harvested by cannibalistic adults that may be closely related to their juvenile prey.

Structural Design and Experimental Study of a New Vacuum Vulcanizing Machine

2013 ◽  
Vol 427-429 ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Cai Jun Liu ◽  
Xu Juan Wang ◽  
Xu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structure Characteristics ◽  
High Production Efficiency ◽  
New Type ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Machine Structure

This paper introduces a new type vacuum vulcanizing machine structure characteristics, the machine can realize the automatic mold, mold release, flip, ejector, has a high degree of automation, high precision products, high production efficiency; and to study the model of vacuumizing plate vulcanizing machine and physical and mechanical properties of ordinary vulcanization machine the influence of the vulcanizate by experiment.

A Kind of Adjustable Electric Heating Pipe Power Electrode Preparation Equipment

2014 ◽  
Vol 492 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Gang Li ◽  
X L Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Plc Control ◽  
High Production Efficiency ◽  
Test Technology ◽  
High Production ◽  
Traditional Production ◽  
Preparation Equipment

In order to solve a kind of electric heating pipe electrode production and power adjustable, designed a kind of adjustable power of electric heating pipe electrode preparation equipment.The equipment is mainly used to test technology, PLC control technology and coating technology.First, selected on the basis of the PLC,the mechanism design, design the hardware control circuit, finally a port of the PLC wiring design.The results show that compared with the traditional production compared to heat pipe machine, the device not only high production efficiency and quality index, but also can produce many kinds of products[1].

Study of High-Speed Plastic Injection Molding and its Mold Structure Characteristics

2012 ◽  
Vol 201-202 ◽  
pp. 1170-1173
Author(s):  
Hong Lin Li ◽  
Zhi Xin Jia
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Injection Speed ◽  
Structure Characteristics ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
High Production Efficiency ◽  
High Production ◽  
Plastic Injection

High-speed injection molding technology refers to the injection speed of rotating screw is about 500mm ~1000mm/s during the injection process. It is extensively used in the fabrication of thin and accurate products, for example, packing containers, CD or DVD disc-based panels, smart cards, optic fiber connecters, etc. In this paper, the advantages of high-speed injection molding technology on cost savings, product quality and productivity are presented firstly. Then the mold characteristics on strength, stiffness, precision, used material, heat treatment, the runner system, the venting system and the ejection system are illustrated. A plastic flowerpot by high-speed injection molding is selected as an example to show the high production efficiency.

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