Influence of cooling rate on the physical properties, chemical composition, and mechanical properties of heat-treated rubberwood

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1033-1042
Author(s):  
Chuanfu Chen ◽  
Dengyun Tu ◽  
Xiangyu Zhao ◽  
Qiaofang Zhou ◽  
Banyat Cherdchim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Tangential Section ◽  
Rapid Cooling ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Screw Withdrawal

AbstractThis study aimed to reduce the loss of mechanical strength in heat-treated rubberwood by rapid cooling. Heat-treated rubberwood specimens were prepared by controlling their cooling rate during the cooling phase of the heat treatment. The effects of cooling rate on the physical properties, chemical composition, and mechanical properties of heat-treated rubberwood were evaluated. Results indicated that cooling rate significantly influenced mass loss (ML). ML in heat-treated rubberwood cooled at 6 °C min−1 decreased by 23% relative to that in heat-treated rubberwood subjected to natural cooling. Compared with the heat-treated rubberwood subjected to natural cooling, the heat-treated rubberwood that was cooled at 4.5 °C min−1 increased in modulus of rupture (MOR), surface hardness, and screw withdrawal strength (tangential section) by 26, 8, and 16%, respectively. The cool rates exerted less effects on the dimensional stability, surface color, modulus of elasticity (MOE), compressive strength parallel to grain (CS), and screw withdrawal strength (radial section) of the heat-treated rubberwood. The application of rapid cooling to wood heat treatment could efficiently shortened the heat treatment period, thus increasing productivity.

scholarly journals The Effect of Cooling Rate on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel (St 35)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Jenan Mohammed Nagie
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Water Media ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is aimed to study the effect of cooling rate on mechanical properties of Steel 35. Specimens prepared to apply tensile, torsion, impact and hardness tests.Many prepared specimens heat treated at (850ºC) for one hour and subsequently were cooled by three different media [Water-Air-furnace] to show the effect of Medias cooling rate on mechanical properties. Microstructures of all specimens examined before and after heat treatment by an optical microscopy.To figure the phases obtained after heat treatment and its effect on the mechanical properties Experimental results have shown that the microstructure of steel can be changed and significantly improved by varying line cooling rate thus, improving one property will effect on the others because of the relationship between all properties.In water media tensile, torsion and hardness improved while impact results reduced. Air media contributed in improving most of the mechanical properties because of grain size homogeneity. At furnace media ductility and impact improved

scholarly journals Selected Physical and Mechanical Properties of Microwave Heat Treated Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6273
Author(s):  
Aujchariya Chotikhun ◽  
Jitralada Kittijaruwattana ◽  
Emilia-Adela Salca ◽  
Salim Hiziroglu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Microwave Heat

The objectives of this study were to evaluate some of physical and mechanical properties of rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) as function of microwave heat treatment process. The specimens were heat treated at three temperature levels of 150 °C, 180 °C, and 220 °C for 20 min in a small microwave oven connected to a computer. Bending characteristics, namely modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) as well as hardness of the samples were tested. Dimensional stability in the form of swelling and water absorption of the specimens were also determined. Based on the findings in this work it appears that microwave can be used successfully for heat treatment of rubberwood. Overall mechanical properties of the samples were adversely influenced by the treatment. MOE, MOR and hardness values of the samples treated at a temperature of 220 °C had 2.37, 3.69, and 2.12 times reduced than those of control samples, respectively. Dimensional stability of the heat treated samples as a result of 2-h and 24-h water soaking improved. Micrographs take from scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that certain amount of damage took place in the cellwall of the treated specimens. Overall discoloration on the samples due to microwave heat treatment was found insignificant.

Influence of Chemical Composition and Post Welding Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Steel Weld Metals

2013 ◽  
Vol 758 ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio José Mendes Gomes ◽  
Jorge Carlos Ferreira Jorge ◽  
Luís Felipe Guimarães de Souza ◽  
Ivani S. Bott
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Steel Weld ◽  
Oil Platforms ◽  
Weld Metals ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Covered Electrodes

The present work is part of a wide research program which the main goal is the development of welding procedures for chain and accessories for application in mooring systems of oil platforms. In the specific case of the work in subject, the development of different covered electrodes formulations is discussed for obtaining high mechanical strength and impact toughness, of the order of 860 MPa and 50 joules at –20°C, respectively. Welded joints using the developed electrodes were prepared for evaluation of the mechanical properties, using preheat of 200°C, direct current, flat position and heat input of 1.5 kJ/mm. After welding, tensile, impact Charpy-V and hardness tests were performed in specimens removed integrally from the weld metal, both in as welded and heat treated conditions. The post weld heat treatment (PWHT) was conducted at 600°C for 1, 2 and 3 hours. The results shows that the obtained weld metals have mechanical properties higher than the minimum required for the welding of a IACS W22 R4 Grade steel, and particularly good impact properties, which indicates that the correct control of the chemical composition, particularly, of Mn-Ni balance, makes possible to achieve an adequate strength/toughness relationship for high strength steel weld metals, where the PWH is mandatory. In addition, it was verified that the increase in the time of PWHT did not promote substantial impairment on mechanical properties.

Effect of Heat Treatment Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Medium Carbon Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Blaoui ◽  
M. Zemri ◽  
A. Brahami
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Austenitization Temperature ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Heat Treated

AbstractEngineering materials, mostly steel, are heat treated under controlled sequence of heating and cooling to alter their physical and mechanical properties to meet desired engineering applications. This paper presents a study of the influence of austenitization temperature, cooling rate, holding time and heating rate during the heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties (tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and hardness) of the C45 steel. Specimens undergoing different heat treatment lead to various mechanical properties which were determined using standard methods. Microstructural evolution was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that microstructure and hardenability of the C45 steel depends on cooling rate, austenitization temperature, holding time and heating rate.

CONDULOY

Alloy Digest ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Beryllium Copper ◽  
Hardening Heat Treatment

Abstract CONDULOY is a low beryllium-copper alloy containing about 1.5% nickel. It responds to age-hardening heat treatment for improved mechanical properties. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-11. Producer or source: Brush Beryllium Company.

ALUMINUM 319.0

Alloy Digest ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Rear Axle ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract ALUMINUM 319.0 is a general-purpose foundry alloy that is moderately responsive to heat treatment. It has excellent casting characteristics and good mechanical properties. Among its many uses are crankcases, housings, engine parts, typewriter frames and rear-axle housings. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as creep and fatigue. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-256. Producer or source: Various aluminum companies.

BÖHLER W403 VMR

Alloy Digest ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Diffusion Annealing ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Böhler (or Boehler) W403 VMR is a tool steel with outstanding properties, based not only on a modified chemical composition, but on the selection of highly clean raw materials for melting, remelting under vacuum (VMF), optimized diffusion annealing, and a special heat treatment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: TS-721. Producer or source: Böhler Edelstahl GmbH.

scholarly journals Influence of Post Weld Heat Treatment on the Grain Size, and Mechanical Properties of the Alloy-800H Rotary Friction Weld Joints

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4366
Author(s):  
Saqib Anwar ◽  
Ateekh Ur Rehman ◽  
Yusuf Usmani ◽  
Ali M. Al-Samhan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Alloy 800H ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Friction Weld

This study evaluated the microstructure, grain size, and mechanical properties of the alloy 800H rotary friction welds in as-welded and post-weld heat-treated conditions. The standards for the alloy 800H not only specify the composition and mechanical properties but also the minimum grain sizes. This is because these alloys are mostly used in creep resisting applications. The dynamic recrystallization of the highly strained and plasticized material during friction welding resulted in the fine grain structure (20 ± 2 µm) in the weld zone. However, a small increase in grain size was observed in the heat-affected zone of the weldment with a slight decrease in hardness compared to the base metal. Post-weld solution heat treatment (PWHT) of the friction weld joints increased the grain size (42 ± 4 µm) in the weld zone. Both as-welded and post-weld solution heat-treated friction weld joints failed in the heat-affected zone during the room temperature tensile testing and showed a lower yield strength and ultimate tensile strength than the base metal. A fracture analysis of the failed tensile samples revealed ductile fracture features. However, in high-temperature tensile testing, post-weld solution heat-treated joints exhibited superior elongation and strength compared to the as-welded joints due to the increase in the grain size of the weld metal. It was demonstrated in this study that the minimum grain size requirement of the alloy 800H friction weld joints could be successfully met by PWHT with improved strength and elongation, especially at high temperatures.

Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Properties of Heat-Treated Fe3Al Intermetallics

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 3891-3894
Author(s):  
Ya Min Li ◽  
Hong Jun Liu ◽  
Yuan Hao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
Annealing Furnace ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Homogenizing Annealing ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Mixed Fracture ◽  
Sand Mould ◽  
The Impact

The casting Fe3Al intermetallics were solidified in sodium silicate sand mould and permanent mould respectively to get different cooling rates. After heat treatment (1000°С/15 h homogenizing annealing + furnace cooling followed by 600°С/1 h tempering + oil quenching), the microstructure and properties of Fe3Al intermetallics were investigated. The results show that the heat-treated Fe3Al intermetallics at higher cooling rate has finer grained microstructure than lower cooling rate, and the lattice distortion increases due to the higher solid solubility of the elements Cr and B at higher cooling rate. The tensile strength and hardness of the Fe3Al intermetallics at higher cooling rate are slightly higher also. However, the impact power of intermetallics at higher cooling rate is 67.5% higher than that at lower cooling rate, and the impact fracture mode is also transformed from intercrystalline fracture at lower cooling rate to intercrystallin+transcrystalline mixed fracture at higher cooling rate.

Application of Tailored Heat Treated Blanks under Quasi Series Conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 344 ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Merklein ◽  
Uwe Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Tailored Heat Treated Blanks (THTB) are blanks that exhibit locally different strength specifically optimized for the succeeding forming process. The strength distribution is set by a local, short-term heat treatment modifying the mechanical properties of the material. Hence, THTB allow enhancing forming limits significantly leading to shorter and more robust manufacture process chains. In order to qualify the use of THTB under quasi series conditions, the interdependencies of the blank’s local heat treatment and the entire process chain of the car body manufacture have to be analyzed. In this respect, the impact of a short-term heat treatment on the mechanical properties of AA6181PX, a commonly used aluminum alloy in today’s car bodies, was studied. Also the influence of a short-term heat treatment on the coil lubricant, usually already applied by the material supplier, was given a closer look. Based on these experiments process restrictions for the application of THTB in an industrial automotive environment were derived and a process window for the THTB design was set up. In conclusion, strategies were defined how to enhance the found process boundaries leading to a more robust process window.

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