scholarly journals The Effect of Cooling Rate on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel (St 35)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Jenan Mohammed Nagie
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Water Media ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is aimed to study the effect of cooling rate on mechanical properties of Steel 35. Specimens prepared to apply tensile, torsion, impact and hardness tests.Many prepared specimens heat treated at (850ºC) for one hour and subsequently were cooled by three different media [Water-Air-furnace] to show the effect of Medias cooling rate on mechanical properties. Microstructures of all specimens examined before and after heat treatment by an optical microscopy.To figure the phases obtained after heat treatment and its effect on the mechanical properties Experimental results have shown that the microstructure of steel can be changed and significantly improved by varying line cooling rate thus, improving one property will effect on the others because of the relationship between all properties.In water media tensile, torsion and hardness improved while impact results reduced. Air media contributed in improving most of the mechanical properties because of grain size homogeneity. At furnace media ductility and impact improved

scholarly journals Influence of Post Weld Heat Treatment on the Grain Size, and Mechanical Properties of the Alloy-800H Rotary Friction Weld Joints

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4366
Author(s):  
Saqib Anwar ◽  
Ateekh Ur Rehman ◽  
Yusuf Usmani ◽  
Ali M. Al-Samhan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Alloy 800H ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Friction Weld

This study evaluated the microstructure, grain size, and mechanical properties of the alloy 800H rotary friction welds in as-welded and post-weld heat-treated conditions. The standards for the alloy 800H not only specify the composition and mechanical properties but also the minimum grain sizes. This is because these alloys are mostly used in creep resisting applications. The dynamic recrystallization of the highly strained and plasticized material during friction welding resulted in the fine grain structure (20 ± 2 µm) in the weld zone. However, a small increase in grain size was observed in the heat-affected zone of the weldment with a slight decrease in hardness compared to the base metal. Post-weld solution heat treatment (PWHT) of the friction weld joints increased the grain size (42 ± 4 µm) in the weld zone. Both as-welded and post-weld solution heat-treated friction weld joints failed in the heat-affected zone during the room temperature tensile testing and showed a lower yield strength and ultimate tensile strength than the base metal. A fracture analysis of the failed tensile samples revealed ductile fracture features. However, in high-temperature tensile testing, post-weld solution heat-treated joints exhibited superior elongation and strength compared to the as-welded joints due to the increase in the grain size of the weld metal. It was demonstrated in this study that the minimum grain size requirement of the alloy 800H friction weld joints could be successfully met by PWHT with improved strength and elongation, especially at high temperatures.

scholarly journals Effect of heat treatment on the tribological properties of Nickel-Boron electroless coating

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (47) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Sandra Arias ◽  
Maryory Gómez ◽  
Esteban Correa ◽  
Félix Echeverría-Echeverría ◽  
Juan Guillermo Castaño
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Electroless Coating ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Properties Of Materials

Nickel-Boron autocatalytic coatings are widely used in several industries to improve mechanical properties of materials such as hardness and wear resistance. Tribological properties were evaluated in Ni-B autocatalytic coatings deposited on AISI/SAE 1018 carbon steel before and after a heat treatment at 450 °C for one hour. Tribological tests were carried out by dry sliding, using a load of 5 N and a sliding speed of 0.012 m/s, in a homemade ball-on-disk tribometer, which followed ASTM G99 standard. According to the tribological evaluation, the heat treatments applied to Ni-B coatings improved their tribological performance. This research corroborates that by applying an adequate heat treatment, hardness and wear resistance of Ni-B coatings can be improved significantly.

Effect of post-heat treatment cooling on microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melting manufactured austenitic 316L stainless steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1739-1749
Author(s):  
Saad Waqar ◽  
Jiangwei Liu ◽  
Qidong Sun ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
Jie Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Annealing ◽  
Cooling Conditions ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treated

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the influence of different post-annealing cooling conditions, i.e. furnace cooling (heat treatment (HT) 1 – slow cooling) and air cooling (HT 2 – fast cooling), on the microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melting (SLM) built austenitic 316L stainless steel (SS). Design/methodology/approach Three sets of 316L SS samples were fabricated using a machine standard scanning strategy. Each set consists of three tensile samples and a cubic sample for microstructural investigations. Two sets were subsequently subjected to annealing HT with different cooling conditions, i.e. HT 1 and HT 2, whereas one set was used in the as-built (AB) condition. The standard metallographic techniques of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electron back-scattered diffraction were used to investigate the microstructural variations induced by different cooling conditions. The resultant changes in mechanical properties were also investigated. Findings The phase change of SLM fabricated 316L was observed to be independent of the investigated cooling conditions and all samples consist of austenite phase only. Both HT 1 and HT 2 lead to dissolved characteristic melt pools of SLM. Noticeable increase in grain size of HT 1 and HT 2 samples was also observed. Compared with AB samples, the grain size of HT 1 and HT 2 was increased by 12.5% and 50%, respectively. A decreased hardness and strength, along with an increased ductility was also observed for HT 2 samples compared with HT 1 and AB samples. Originality/value From previous studies, it has been noticed that most investigations on HT of SLM fabricated 316L were mainly focused on the HT temperature or holding time. However, the post-HT cooling rate is also an equally important factor in deciding the microstructure and mechanical properties of heat-treated components. Therefore, this paper investigates the influence of different post-annealing cooling conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties of SLM fabricated 316L components. This study provides a foundation for considering the post-HT cooling rate as an influential parameter that controls the properties of heat-treated SLM components.

The Microstructure and Compression Behavior of Multi-Step Forging Ti-45Al-8Nb Alloy after Annealing at 1100 °C

2013 ◽  
Vol 747-748 ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Lin Song ◽  
Xiang Jun Xu ◽  
Jun Pin Lin ◽  
Lai Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Compression Behavior ◽  
Microstructure Change ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After

Effects of annealing treatment on microstructure and the compressive properties of hot-worked Ti-45Al-8Nb-(W, B, Y) alloy were investigated. Microstructure of the extrusion plus multi-step forging pancake before and after heat treatment was analyzed by SEM and TEM, respectively. The annealing was conducted by holding samples at 1100°C for 2hrs, and followed by air cooling and furnace cooling. The mechanical properties were measured by Instron test machine. The microstructure evolution during compressive deformation was analyzed by TEM. The results showed that after the annealing the microstructure change could not be observed under SEM but can be observed under TEM. Many dislocation clusters were removed by heat treatment. The heat treated samples had similar compression behaviors with the pancake. TEM investigation showed that the numerous twin intersections occured in γ matrix during compression. The twin spaces tended to decrease as the deformation and the intersection increasing.

Effects of Annealing Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electrodeposited Ni-Fe Alloy Foils

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Ren ◽  
L. Guo ◽  
Z. C. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Structure Defects ◽  
Alloy Foil ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Average Grain Size

AbstractThe plasticity, elastic modulus and thermal stability restrict the applications of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni-Fe alloy foils. To improve its mechanical properties, the electrodeposited Ni-Fe alloy foils were heat treated within the temperature 900–1,150 °C. The microstructure and texture of the samples were further analyzed with a combination of SEM, XRD and EBSD. The experimental results indicated that the electrodeposited Ni-Fe alloy foil had poor mechanical properties at about 1,000 °C, which was mainly attributed to the development of a mixed grain microstructure. At 900–950 °C, the plastic and elastic modulus were greatly improved, which were owed to the uniformed microstructure and the decrease of structure defects. At 1,050–1,150 °C, the degree of the mixed grain microstructure decreased, resulting in improved plasticity and higher elastic modulus. However, the strength of the foil obviously decreased, which was mainly associated with the increase of the average grain size.

Improvement of mechanical properties of a nanoaluminium alloy by precipitate strengthening

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wawer ◽  
M. Lewandowska ◽  
K.J. Kurzydłowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Precipitation Strengthening ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Precipitate Strengthening

In the present study, severe plastic deformation (SPD) processing was combined with pre- and post processing heat treatment to investigate the possibility of synergic grain size and precipitation strengthening. Samples of 7475 alloy were solution heat treated and water quenched prior to hydrostatic extrusion (HE) which resulted in a grain refinement by 3 orders of magnitude, from 70 μm to about 70 nm. The extruded samples were subsequently aged at temperatures resulting in formation of nanoprecipitates.

scholarly journals The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of SAE 1035 Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Osita Obiukwu ◽  
Henry Udeani ◽  
Progress Ubani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Endurance Limit ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of various heat treatment operations (annealing, normalizing, tempering) on mechanical properties of 0.35% carbon steel was investigated. The change in the value of endurance limit of the material as a result of the various heat-treatment operations were studied thoroughly. It was found that the specimens tempered at low temperature (200°C) exhibited the best fatigue strength. Microscope was used to characterize the structural properties resulting from different heat treatment processes. The results from the tensile tests impact tests and hardness tests showed that the mechanical properties variate at every heat-treatment conditions. The microstructure of differently heat-treated steels was also studied.

Effect of Postweld Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Weld in a Medium Carbon Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Manladan ◽  
B.O. Onyekpe
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Postweld Heat Treatment ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Postweld Heat

This paper presents the result of an investigation of the effect of postweld heat treatment on the mechanical properties of weld in 0.36%C medium Carbon Steel. Samples were prepared and welded using Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process with a low hydrogen electrode. The welded samples were subjected to postweld heat treatment (stress relief) at four different temperatures: 550°C, 600°C, 650°C and 700°C followed by air-cooling. Microstructural examination was carried out to determine the change in microstructure before and after postweld heat treatment. The mechanical properties of the samples were also tested before and after the heat treatment. It was established that a hard microstructure, susceptible to Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC), was formed in the heat affected zone of the as-welded samples and that postweld heat treatment improved the mechanical properties of the weld and substantially reduced or eliminated the risk of HIC.

AN APPROXIMATION TO DETERMINE CORROSION AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF TI-BASED ALLOYS

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150001
Author(s):  
YESIM YILMAZ ◽  
HULYA DEMIROREN
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mechanical Properties And Corrosion ◽  
Cp Ti

Titanium and its alloys used in biomaterial applications are preferrably the cause of high-corrosion resistance properties in addition to having good mechanical properties. Commercially pure Ti (CP-Ti) (Grade 2), Ti6Al4V (Grade 5) and Ti6Al4V-ELI (Grade 23) samples are used as biomaterials exposed to 750°C and 1060°C for 1[Formula: see text]h. The samples were cooled in air after heat treatment at 750°C, the other samples were cooled in water after heat treatment at 1060°C. The free-heat treatment samples are as producted. Microstructures of heat-treated samples and non-made samples by comparison were evaluated before and after corrosion process microstructures and tensile strengths. Test solution is 0.5[Formula: see text]mol H2SO[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol HCl mixture. The corrosion resistance of the titanium samples was evaluated. Microstructure images were monitorized on optical and SEM microscopes. In this paper, the effect of heat treatment was determined on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistances of the material. As a result, heat treatment is useful on corrosion resistance of alloyed samples.

The effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of a low carbon steel (0.1%) for offshore structural application

2012 ◽  
Vol 226 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung S Kang ◽  
Amir Bolouri ◽  
Chung-Gil Kang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Austenite Grain Size ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Austenite Grain

In this study, a low carbon cast steel (0.1% C) alloy designed for offshore structures, and the mechanical properties of the alloy under different heat treatment cycles have been evaluated. The effect of austenitizing time on the austenite grain size was studied. Subsequently, the quenched samples with minimum austenite grain size subjected to tempering experiments at different tempering temperatures (450 °C, 550 °C, and 650 °C) and cooling rates (0.23, 36, and 50 °C/s) from the temperature. The results showed that by increasing the austenitizing time, the austenite grain size initially decreased and reached the minimum value with ASTM number of 6.35 and then followed by an increase. When the tempering temperature increased, yield and tensile strengths decreased, whereas the ductility properties improved. In addition, yield and tensile strengths were not affected by cooling rate from tempering temperature, whereas the ductility properties were slightly affected. The increase in tempering temperature significantly led to improvement in the toughness to fracture of the alloy. The effect of cooling rate on impact energy for the samples tempered at 450 °C and 550 °C was negligible. By the contrast, impact energy for the samples tempered at 650 °C was markedly affected by cooling rate, in which the highest value was achieved for a cooling rate of 50 °C/s.

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