Distribution and characterisation of discolouring substances in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) pulp wood stored under water sprinkling

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Hildén ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Erik Persson ◽  
Gunnar Johansson ◽  
Jonas Brändström
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Wet Storage ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Pulp Wood

Abstract Discolouration of wood raw material during wet storage has a notable negative effect on the quality of the final product. In this study, fluorescence microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution of discolouring substances in water-sprinkled Norway spruce pulpwood. Water-sprinkled wood was characterised by the presence of discolouring substances on the pit membranes of wood cells. In vitro model studies on the interaction between a model bark substance (tannic acid) and torus constituents support the hypothesis that pectic structures facilitate the allocation of bark substances on pit membranes. Applied pectinase or tannase could not remove the discolouring substances from pit membranes. Manganese peroxidase had a minor but documented effect. The effect of manganese peroxidase, as well as HCl/vanillin labelling, indicated that the discolouring substance may be condensed tannins.

Novel REST Truncation Mutations Causing Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452199662
Author(s):  
J.T. Chen ◽  
C.H. Lin ◽  
H.W. Huang ◽  
Y.P. Wang ◽  
P.C. Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Localization ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Dominant Negative Effect ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Localization Signal ◽  
Gingival Fibromatosis

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare genetic disorder featured by nonsyndromic pathological overgrowth of gingiva. The excessive gingival tissues can cause dental, masticatory, and phonetic problems, which impose severe functional and esthetic burdens on affected individuals. Due to its high recurrent rate, patients with HGF have to undergo repeated surgical procedures of gingival resection, from childhood to adulthood, which significantly compromises their quality of life. Unraveling the genetic etiology and molecular pathogenesis of HGF not only gains insight into gingival physiology and homeostasis but also opens avenues for developing potential therapeutic strategies for this disorder. Recently, mutations in REST (OMIM *600571), encoding a transcription repressor, were reported to cause HGF (GINGF5; OMIM #617626) in 3 Turkish families. However, the functions of REST in gingival homeostasis and pathogenesis of REST-associated HGF remain largely unknown. In this study, we characterized 2 HGF families and identified 2 novel REST mutations, c.2449C>T (p.Arg817*) and c.2771_2793dup (p.Glu932Lysfs*3). All 5 mutations reported to date are nonsenses or frameshifts in the last exon of REST and would presumably truncate the protein. In vitro reporter gene assays demonstrated a partial or complete loss of repressor activity for these truncated RESTs. When coexpressed with the full-length protein, the truncated RESTs impaired the repressive ability of wild-type REST, suggesting a dominant negative effect. Immunofluorescent studies showed nuclear localization of overexpressed wild-type and truncated RESTs in vitro, indicating preservation of the nuclear localization signal in shortened proteins. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a comparable pattern of ubiquitous REST expression in both epithelium and lamina propria of normal and HGF gingival tissues despite a reduced reactivity in HGF gingiva. Results of this study confirm the pathogenicity of REST truncation mutations occurring in the last exon causing HGF and suggest the pathosis is caused by an antimorphic (dominant negative) disease mechanism.

scholarly journals Effect of Basil Leaves and Wheat Bran Water Extracts on Antioxidant Capacity, Sensory Properties and Microbiological Quality of Shredded Iceberg Lettuce during Storage

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Sikora ◽  
Urszula Złotek ◽  
Monika Kordowska-Wiater ◽  
Michał Świeca
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antiradical Properties ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Trolox Equivalent

The effect of basil leaf (BLE) and wheat bran (WBE) extracts (potent anti-browning agents), on the phenolic content, antioxidant potential, microbiological quality, and consumer quality of shredded lettuce during storage were studied. Treatment of lettuce with increasing concentrations of BLE proportionally increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant properties. Compared to the control, the treatment enhanced the antiradical properties. This was especially visible during the analysis of the chemical extracts, while this effect was not retained in the potentially bioaccessible fraction. In the lettuce stored for 8 days, the highest reducing potential and ability to quench radicals were observed in samples treated with 1% BLE—33 mg Trolox equivalent/g d.m. and 2.8 mg Trolox equivalent/g d.m., respectively. Compounds exhibiting antiradical properties were easily bioaccessible in vitro. There was no negative effect of the treatments on the consumer quality. Most importantly, after 8 days of storage, lettuce treated with the studied extract, except 10% WBE, had higher microbiological quality. After 8-day storage, the coliforms count was reduced by 84% and 88% in samples treated with 0.5% BLE and 10% WBE, respectively. In conclusion, treatments of shredded lettuce with BLE and WBE maintain or even improve its quality during storage.

scholarly journals A Warning Call for Fertility Preservation Methods for Women Undergoing Gonadotoxic Cancer Treatment

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1340
Author(s):  
Claudia Mehedintu ◽  
Francesca Frincu ◽  
Andreea Carp-Veliscu ◽  
Ramona Barac ◽  
Dumitru-Cristinel Badiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The One

Malignant hematological conditions have recognized an increased incidence and require aggressive treatments. Targeted chemotherapy, accompanied or not by radiotherapy, raises the chance of defeating the disease, yet cancer protocols often associate long-term gonadal consequences, for instance, diminished or damaged ovarian reserve. The negative effect is directly proportional to the types, doses, time of administration of chemotherapy, and irradiation. Additionally, follicle damage depends on characteristics of the disease and patient, such as age, concomitant diseases, previous gynecological conditions, and ovarian reserve. Patients should be adequately informed when proceeding to gonadotoxic therapies; hence, fertility preservation should be eventually regarded as a first-intention procedure. This procedure is most beneficial when performed before the onset of cancer treatment, with the recommendation for embryos or oocytes’ cryopreservation. If not feasible or acceptable, several options can be available during or after the cancer treatment. Although not approved by medical practice, promising results after in vitro studies increase the chances of future patients to protect their fertility. This review aims to emphasize the mechanism of action and impact of chemotherapy, especially the one proven to be gonadotoxic, upon ovarian reserve and future fertility. Reduced fertility or infertility, as long-term consequences of chemotherapy and, particularly, following bone marrow transplantation, is often associated with a negative impact of recovery, social and personal life, as well as highly decreased quality of life.

scholarly journals Virion structure and genome delivery mechanism of sacbrood honeybee virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (30) ◽  
pp. 7759-7764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Procházková ◽  
Tibor Füzik ◽  
Karel Škubník ◽  
Jana Moravcová ◽  
Zorica Ubiparip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Icosahedral Symmetry ◽  
The Family ◽  
Virion Structure ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Bee Colonies

Infection by sacbrood virus (SBV) from the family Iflaviridae is lethal to honey bee larvae but only rarely causes the collapse of honey bee colonies. Despite the negative effect of SBV on honey bees, the structure of its particles and mechanism of its genome delivery are unknown. Here we present the crystal structure of SBV virion and show that it contains 60 copies of a minor capsid protein (MiCP) attached to the virion surface. No similar MiCPs have been previously reported in any of the related viruses from the order Picornavirales. The location of the MiCP coding sequence within the SBV genome indicates that the MiCP evolved from a C-terminal extension of a major capsid protein by the introduction of a cleavage site for a virus protease. The exposure of SBV to acidic pH, which the virus likely encounters during cell entry, induces the formation of pores at threefold and fivefold axes of the capsid that are 7 Å and 12 Å in diameter, respectively. This is in contrast to vertebrate picornaviruses, in which the pores along twofold icosahedral symmetry axes are currently considered the most likely sites for genome release. SBV virions lack VP4 subunits that facilitate the genome delivery of many related dicistroviruses and picornaviruses. MiCP subunits induce liposome disruption in vitro, indicating that they are functional analogs of VP4 subunits and enable the virus genome to escape across the endosome membrane into the cell cytoplasm.

scholarly journals Does Endometriosis Influence the Embryo Quality and/or Development? Insights from a Large Retrospective Matched Cohort Study

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Sanchez ◽  
Luca Pagliardini ◽  
Greta C. Cermisoni ◽  
Laura Privitera ◽  
Sofia Makieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Effect ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Cleavage Stage ◽  
Ongoing Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Negative Effect

In vitro fertilization can be an effective tool to manage the endometriosis-associated infertility, which accounts for 10% of the strategy indications. Nevertheless, a negative effect of endometriosis on IVF outcomes has been suggested. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of endometriosis in the development of embryos at cleavege stage in assisted reproduction treatment cycles. A total of 429 cycles from women previously operated for moderate/severe endometriosis were compared with 851 cycles from non-affected women. Patients were matched by age, number of oocyte retrieved and study period. A total of 3818 embryos in cleavage stage have been analyzed retrospectively. Overall, no difference was found between women with and without endometriosis regarding the number of cleavage stage embryos obtained as well as the percentage of good/fair quality embryos. Excluding cycles in which no transfers were performed or where embryos were frozen in day three, no difference was observed for blastulation rate or the percentage of good/fair blastocysts obtained. Despite similar fertilization rate and number/quality of embryos, a reduction in ongoing pregnancy rate was observed in patients affected, possibly due to an altered endometrial receptivity or to the limited value of the conventional morphological evaluation of the embryo.

scholarly journals Pyometra does not affect some molecular quality-related parameters of canine oocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Pawlak ◽  
Ewelina Warzych ◽  
Zofia E. Madeja ◽  
Tomasz Nowak ◽  
Dorota Lechniak
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Level ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Animal Cloning ◽  
Maternal Effect Genes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
Two Parameters

AbstractCystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex (CEH/P) significantly perturbs the reproductive performance of affected bitches and ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is a commonly applied treatment. Thus the only way to take advantage of the genetic potential of valuable females is application of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) mainly in vitro embryo production (IVP) or in some exceptional cases animal cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The aim of our study was to examine a potential effect of the CEH/P status on the quality of oocytes from females subjected to OHE. In total, 828 immature oocytes collected from ovaries of 33 bitches (21 control, 12 CEH/P) were subjected to genetic analyses (mRNA expression of two maternal-effect genes: GDF-9, OCT4 and mitochondrial DNA – mtDNA - content). Oocytes of CEH/P females were characterized by a higher mtDNA content (471 696) than gametes of their healthy counterparts (368 175; p<0,005). Transcripts for the two genes were detected in all samples and the mRNA level was not affected by the CEH/P status. In conclusion, the CEH/P complex does not exert a negative effect on oocyte quality reflected by the two parameters examined in this study.

scholarly journals Sprouts and Needles of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) as Nordic Specialty—Consumer Acceptance, Stability of Nutrients, and Bioactivities during Storage

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4187
Author(s):  
Tuula Jyske ◽  
Eila Järvenpää ◽  
Susan Kunnas ◽  
Tytti Sarjala ◽  
Jan-Erik Raitanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Scale

Developing shoots, i.e., sprouts, and older needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) have traditionally been used for medicinal purposes due to the high content of vitamins and antioxidants. Currently, sprouts are available as, for example, superfood and supplements. However, end-product quality and nutritive value may decline in the value-chain from raw material sourcing to processing and storage. We studied (1) impacts of different drying and extraction methods on nutritional composition and antioxidative properties of sprouts and needles, (2) differences between sprouts and needles in nutritional composition and microbiological quality, and (3) production scale quality of the sprouts. Additionally, (4) sprout powder was applied in products (ice-cream and sorbet) and consumer acceptance was evaluated. According to our results, older needles have higher content of dry matter, energy, and calcium, but lower microbial quality than sprouts. Sprouts showed a higher concentration of vitamin C, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus than older needles. Freeze-drying was the best drying method preserving the quality of both sprouts and needles, e.g., vitamin C content. The antioxidative activity of the sprout extracts were lower than that of needles. Ethanol-water extraction resulted in a higher content of active compounds in the extract than water extraction. Sensory evaluation of food products revealed that on average, 76% of consumers considered sprout-containing products very good or good, and a creamy product was preferred over a water-based sorbet.

The expression level of SOX2 at the blastocyst stage regulates the developmental capacity of bovine embryos up to day-13 of in vitro culture

Zygote ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 398-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Velásquez ◽  
D. Veraguas ◽  
J. Cabezas ◽  
J. Manríquez ◽  
F.O. Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Pluripotency Markers ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Developmental Capacity

SummaryQuality of in vitro-produced embryos is influenced by changes in gene expression in response to adverse conditions. Gene markers for predicting ‘good embryos’ do not exist at present. We propose that the expression of pluripotency markers OCT4–SOX2–NANOG in D9 (day 9) bovine demi-embryos correlated with development at D13 (day 13). Day 8 in vitro-produced blastocysts were split in two cloned halves, one half (D9) was subjected to analysis of pluripotency markers and the other was kept in culture until D13 of development. Embryo development was scored and correlated with its own status at D9 and assigned to one of two categories: G1, arrested/dead; or G2, development up to D13. SOX2 and NANOG expression levels were significantly higher in embryos from G1 and there was also negative correlation between SOX2 and embryo survival to D13 (G3; r = −0.37; P = 0.03). We observed a significant reduction in the expression of the three studied genes from D9 to D13. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the expression of pluripotency markers at D9 and embryo diameter and the expression of trophoblastic markers at D13 (TP1–EOMES–FGF4–CDX2–TKDP1). Finally, the quotient between the relative expression of SOX2 and OCT4 in the D9 blastocysts from G1 and G2 showed that embryos that were considered as competent (G2) had a quotient close to one, while the other group had a quotient of 2.3 due to a higher expression of SOX2. These results might indicate that overexpression of SOX2 at the blastocyst stage had a negative effect on the control of embryonic developmental potential.

Roles of photosynthetic, respiratory, stomatal and phenological acclimation in controlling carbon and water fluxes of mature Norway spruce in a changing climate  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhangi Lamba ◽  
Remko A. Duursma ◽  
Thomas B. Hasper ◽  
Bjarni D. Sigurdsson ◽  
Belinda E. Medlyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Flux Model ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Physiological Acclimation ◽  
Positive Effect

&lt;p&gt;Boreal regions are undergoing rapid climate change but our understanding of the long-term consequences for forest processes is hampered by limited knowledge of how trees acclimate to rising atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations and temperature. This study used the detailed canopy flux model MAESTRA to simulate the effects of elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (eCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) and warming on net photosynthesis (&lt;em&gt;A&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;) and transpiration (&lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;) of mature boreal Norway spruce, investigating how these effects are influenced by the observed acclimation of photosynthetic capacity, respiration, stomatal behavior, and phenology. Without any type of acclimation, eCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; increased shoot and crown &lt;em&gt;A&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; during the non-frost growing season by 23-44%, while warming only had a minor effect (&amp;#177;2%). Photosynthetic downregulation greatly decreased the positive effect under eCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. Under warming, both stomatal and phenological acclimation had substantial effects on &lt;em&gt;A&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; but in opposite directions. Transpiration at shoot and crown level was greatly decreased (23-50%) by eCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and increased by warming (27-42%) in the absence of acclimation. However, both these effects were largely cancelled by stomatal acclimation. Effects of eCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; on &lt;em&gt;A&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; were generally smaller at entire crown compared to shoot level, as a result of photosynthetic stimulation being smaller in shaded canopy positions. In addition, upregulation of respiration in eCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; had a considerably larger negative effect on &lt;em&gt;A&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; at crown compared to shoot level. Overall, tree physiological acclimation generally acted to dampen non-acclimated responses. We conclude that photosynthetic and respiratory acclimation greatly reduce the positive effect of eCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; on tree CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; assimilation, while stomatal and phenological acclimation are crucial for annual water consumption under warming. These results highlight the critical need to account for acclimation in models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Potensi Tiga Jenis Kayu Tanah Gambut Sumatera sebagai Bahan Baku Pulp dan Kertas (The Potential of Three Peat Land Woods of Sumatera as Pulp and Paper Raw Material)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Kanti D Rizqiani ◽  
Yeni Aprianis ◽  
Ahmad Junaedi
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pulp Wood

The growth of pulp and paper industries has encouraged the expansion of the industrial plantation forests for pulp wood. The  exotic species planted for pulp wood initially maintained a relatively high productivity, however it decreases in the following rotation cycles.  The peat land wood species of Sumatera could be an alternative for exotic species. However, the insufficient information on the wood properties has brought about they are less considered. This paper examined the fiber quality of Sumatran local peat-wood and its possibility as a raw material of pulp and paper. For specific gravity, samples were selected based on three different diameter groups in each plot. Fiber properties (dimension and fiber derivative values) used to asses the suitability of the wood for pulp and paper raw material were determined in accordance with the method of the Forest Product Laboratory (FPL). The resulted data and information were compared to those of krasikarpa (Acacia crassicarpa Benth.). The results showed that the fiber quality of sekubung wood was classified into grade II, while gerunggang and mahang putih were classified into grade III. The specific gravity of gerunggang wood was higher than these of other woods and comparable to that of krasikarpa. Although the growth of Sumatran local peat-wood is still low, however, conformity with government regulations (Government Regulation Number 57-2016 and Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number 17-2017) and fiber quality, the local peat-wood could potentially substitute the exotic wood species.

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