Impact of FGF21 on glycemic control

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Z. Strowski
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Fgf21 Expression

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays a role in regulating adaptation to various metabolic abnormalities. In addition, FGF21 is involved in controlling glucose and lipid homeostasis. The regulation of FGF21 is a complex process and depends upon multiple metabolic factors and hormones. Humans and animals with obesity or type 2 diabetes have abnormal expression and changes of FGF21 in the circulation. Interventional studies in rodents and monkeys with obesity, insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes revealed a potential therapeutic relevance of FGF21 in correcting these abnormalities. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the regulation of FGF21 by distinct metabolic and endogenous factors, considering the most relevant studies. In this context, the results of interventional studies in humans and various animal models of diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, are discussed. In addition, potential mechanisms of the molecular regulation of FGF21 expression and secretion are reviewed.

scholarly journals Intestinal microbiota and their metabolic contribution to type 2 diabetes and obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Cunningham ◽  
J. W. Stephens ◽  
D. A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

AbstractObesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are common, chronic metabolic disorders with associated significant long-term health problems at global epidemic levels. It is recognised that gut microbiota play a central role in maintaining host homeostasis and through technological advances in both animal and human models it is becoming clear that gut microbiota are heavily involved in key pathophysiological roles in the aetiology and progression of both conditions. This review will focus on current knowledge regarding microbiota interactions with short chain fatty acids, the host inflammatory response, signaling pathways, integrity of the intestinal barrier, the interaction of the gut-brain axis and the subsequent impact on the metabolic health of the host.

scholarly journals Soluble Klotho Improves Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 811-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiying Gu ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Nan You ◽  
Xiaobing Huang ◽  
Yuming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Homeostasis

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Metformin as a Key for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3566
Author(s):  
Chae Bin Lee ◽  
Soon Uk Chae ◽  
Seong Jun Jo ◽  
Ui Min Jerng ◽  
Soo Kyung Bae
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
The Relationship

Metformin is the first-line pharmacotherapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, its mechanism of modulating glucose metabolism is elusive. Recent advances have identified the gut as a potential target of metformin. As patients with metabolic disorders exhibit dysbiosis, the gut microbiome has garnered interest as a potential target for metabolic disease. Henceforth, studies have focused on unraveling the relationship of metabolic disorders with the human gut microbiome. According to various metagenome studies, gut dysbiosis is evident in T2DM patients. Besides this, alterations in the gut microbiome were also observed in the metformin-treated T2DM patients compared to the non-treated T2DM patients. Thus, several studies on rodents have suggested potential mechanisms interacting with the gut microbiome, including regulation of glucose metabolism, an increase in short-chain fatty acids, strengthening intestinal permeability against lipopolysaccharides, modulating the immune response, and interaction with bile acids. Furthermore, human studies have demonstrated evidence substantiating the hypotheses based on rodent studies. This review discusses the current knowledge of how metformin modulates T2DM with respect to the gut microbiome and discusses the prospect of harnessing this mechanism in treating T2DM.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document