N-terminal acetylation and other functions of Nα-acetyltransferases

2012 ◽  
Vol 393 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolien Hollebeke ◽  
Petra Van Damme ◽  
Kris Gevaert
Keyword(s):  
Protein Modification ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Protein Acetylation ◽  
Terminal Protein ◽  
Made In

Abstract Protein N-terminal acetylation by Nα-acetyltransferases (NATs) is an omnipresent protein modification that affects a large number of proteins. The exact biological role of N-terminal acetylation has, however, remained enigmatic for the overall majority of affected proteins, and only for a rather small number of proteins, N-terminal acetylation was linked to various protein features including stability, localization, and interactions. This minireview tries to summarize the recent progress made in understanding the functionality of N-terminal protein acetylation and also focuses on noncanonical functions of the NATs subunits.

Ectomycorrhizae in the Agaricales and Gasteromycetes

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 909-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orson K. Miller Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Body Form ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Fungal Succession ◽  
The Past ◽  
Made In

Over the past decade much progress has been made in an effort to determine which fungi are mycorrhizal symbionts. It is now apparent that one ectomycorrhizal or ectendomycorrhizal host is often able to form mycorrhizae with a wide variety of higher fungi. Evidence is presented which supports the hypothesis that fungal succession occurs as the host matures. In addition, fungi which are normally ectomycorrhizal may sometimes form endomycorrhizae on different hosts or under altered ecological conditions. There has also been much evolution in fruiting-body form and mode of spore discharge especially under severe montane or desert conditions. As a result patterns are emerging in the Homobasidiomycetes at the order, family, and generic level in the evolution of the mycorrhizal habit. Spore morphology, habitat, and distribution are listed and discussed in relation to the biological role of the fungi.

scholarly journals Use of Lipid-Modifying Agents for the Treatment of Glomerular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Ge ◽  
Sandra Merscher ◽  
Alessia Fornoni
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Glomerular Diseases ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Lipid Modifying Agents ◽  
Made In

Although dyslipidemia is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), it is more common in nephrotic syndrome (NS), and guidelines for the management of hyperlipidemia in NS are largely opinion-based. In addition to the role of circulating lipids, an increasing number of studies suggest that intrarenal lipids contribute to the progression of glomerular diseases, indicating that proteinuric kidney diseases may be a form of “fatty kidney disease” and that reducing intracellular lipids could represent a new therapeutic approach to slow the progression of CKD. In this review, we summarize recent progress made in the utilization of lipid-modifying agents to lower renal parenchymal lipid accumulation and to prevent or reduce kidney injury. The agents mentioned in this review are categorized according to their specific targets, but they may also regulate other lipid-relevant pathways.

scholarly journals Flowering in time: genes controlling photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (1415) ◽  
pp. 1761-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Putterill
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Sharp Transition ◽  
Photoperiodic Flowering ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Made In ◽  
Transition To Flowering

Successful sexual reproduction in plants relies upon the strict coordination of flowering time with favourable seasons of the year. One of the most important seasonal cues for the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana ( Arabidopsis ) is day length. Genes influencing flowering time in Arabidopsis have been isolated, some of which are involved in the perception and signalling of day length. This review discusses recent progress that has been made in understanding how Arabidopsis integrates environmental and internal signals to ensure a sharp transition to flowering and new insights on the role of the circadian clock in controlling the expression of genes that promote flowering in response to day length.

scholarly journals The internal dynamics of stellar clusters

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S266) ◽  
pp. 238-249
Author(s):  
Christian M. Boily
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Evolution ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Stellar Dynamics ◽  
Stellar Clusters ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Multiple Stars ◽  
Stellar Associations ◽  
Made In

AbstractIn this brief review I summarise recent progress in the area of stellar dynamics, focusing on the dynamics of bound, self-gravitating stellar associations in isolation and (approximate) equilibrium. The basics of stellar dynamics are first outlined and the importance of stellar evolution is stressed. Subsequently, I argue that the evolution of anisotropic clusters of stars still holds solutions to current outstanding problems, such as the dynamics of galactic nuclei. I take a more personal standpoint when discussing the role of stellar evolution in the dynamics on relaxation timescales and draw from several recent models to underscore that a major step forward has been made in coupling stellar evolution and dynamics. I then briefly visit the issue of multiple stars and highlight some as yet unsolved problems.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in the Methodologies to Identify Physiological Ligands of Siglecs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huei-Syuan Jiang ◽  
Shao-Chien Zhuang ◽  
Chak Hin Lam ◽  
Lan-Yi Chang ◽  
Takashi Angata
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunity

Siglecs, a family of receptor-like lectins, recognize glycoproteins and/or glycolipids containing sialic acid in the extracellular space and transduce intracellular signaling. Recently, researchers uncovered significant contributions of Siglecs in cancer immunity, renewing interest in this family of proteins. Previous extensive studies have defined how Siglecs recognize glycan epitopes (glycotopes). Nevertheless, the biological role of these glycotopes has not been fully evaluated. Recent studies using live cells have begun unraveling the constituents of Siglec ligands. These studies demonstrated that glycoprotein scaffolds (counter-receptors) displaying glycotopes are sometimes just as important as the glycotope itself. These new insights may guide future efforts to develop therapeutic agents to target the Siglec – ligand axis.

scholarly journals The electrocardiogram endeavour: from the Holter single-lead recordings to multilead wearable devices supported by computational machine learning algorithms

EP Europace ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panos Vardas ◽  
Martin Cowie ◽  
Nikolaos Dagres ◽  
Dimitrios Asvestas ◽  
Stylianos Tzeis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cardiac Rhythm ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Rhythm Monitoring ◽  
Made In

Abstract This review aims to provide a comprehensive recapitulation of the evolution in the field of cardiac rhythm monitoring, shedding light in recent progress made in multilead ECG systems and wearable devices, with emphasis on the promising role of the artificial intelligence and computational techniques in the detection of cardiac abnormalities.

scholarly journals Impact of Dispersion of Nanoscale Particles on the Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Singh
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Nematic Liquid Crystals ◽  
Spectroscopic Properties ◽  
Host Matrix ◽  
Nanoscale Particles ◽  
Composite Systems ◽  
Made In

This work reviews the recent progress made in last decade in understanding the role of dispersion ofnanoparticles and quantum dots into host nematic liquid crystals. There are two important ingredients of this work: Even a minute concentration of these non-mesogenic materials in host matrix can have reflective impact on the dielectric, electro-optical, and spectroscopic properties of host nematics and the nematic-nanoparticles composite systems become suitable for the use in nematic based display and other devices.

Effects of neuronal drebrin on actin dynamics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena E. Grintsevich
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Neuronal Migration ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Cytoskeletal Dynamics ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Made In

Drebrin is a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton in neuronal cells which is critical for synaptic plasticity, neuritogenesis, and neuronal migration. It is also known to orchestrate a cross-talk between actin and microtubules. Decreased level of drebrin is a hallmark of multiple neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Despite its established importance in health and disease, we still have a lot to learn about drebrin's interactome and its effects on cytoskeletal dynamics. This review aims to summarize the recently reported novel effects of drebrin on actin and its regulators. Here I will also reflect on the most recent progress made in understanding of the role of drebrin isoforms and posttranslational modifications on its functionality.

scholarly journals Recent Progresses in the Treatment of Osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan-Shan Li ◽  
Shi-Hao He ◽  
Peng-Yu Xie ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Xin-Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Wnt Pathway ◽  
Bone Biology ◽  
Anabolic Agents ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic bone disease characterized by aberrant microstructure and macrostructure of bone, leading to reduced bone mass and increased risk of fragile fractures. Anti-resorptive drugs, especially, bisphosphonates, are currently the treatment of choice in most developing countries. However, they do have limitations and adverse effects, which, to some extent, helped the development of anabolic drugs such as teriparatide and romosozumab. In patients with high or very high risk for fracture, sequential or combined therapies may be considered with the initial drugs being anabolic agents. Great endeavors have been made to find next generation drugs with maximal efficacy and minimal toxicity, and improved understanding of the role of different signaling pathways and their crosstalk in the pathogenesis of OP may help achieve this goal. Our review focused on recent progress with regards to the drug development by modification of Wnt pathway, while other pathways/molecules were also discussed briefly. In addition, new observations made in recent years in bone biology were summarized and discussed for the treatment of OP.

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