Modification of Steelmaking Slag by Additions of Salts from Aluminum Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 389-394
Author(s):  
D.C. Walker ◽  
W.F. Caley ◽  
S. Ferenczy ◽  
G.J. Kipouros
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Steelmaking Slag ◽  
Salt Cake ◽  
Steelmaking Slags ◽  
Aluminium Production ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe most common slag fluidiser in steelmaking is fluorspar, a mineral primarily composed of CaF2. Because of increasing consumption and decreasing availability of inexpensive fluorspar, steelmakers are seeking alternative means of achieving slag fluidity. One possible alternative to fluorspar is salt cake from secondary aluminium production. This salt is obtained from the used flux in remelting aluminium scrap and dross. This material is widely available and considered toxic (meaning that use in steelmaking helps to reduce environmental impacts from disposal). This project is an investigation of salt cake as a replacement for fluorspar in slag-fluidising applications by viscosity measurements and mass loss measurements at high temperatures (to evaluate the amounts of gases formed). In addition, characterisation of raw materials and melted slags by XRD, chemical analysis, and EPMA have been undertaken. The salt cake addition has a positive effect on slag fluidity, and shows promise for use in steelmaking slags.

Additions of Salt Cake and KAlF4 from Aluminum Production to Steelmaking Slags

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 529-537
Author(s):  
G.A. Sweet ◽  
S. Ferenczy ◽  
W.F. Caley ◽  
G.J. Kipouros
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Secondary Aluminum ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Salt Cake ◽  
Steelmaking Slags ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Temperature Operating ◽  
Plant Trials

AbstractFluorspar, a mineral primarily composed of CaF2 is the most commonly used slag fluidizer in steelmaking. Due to increasing costs for fluorspar steelmakers are seeking alternative means of achieving slag fluidity. The research has concentrated on other minerals or the wastes of other high temperature operating industries. A promising alternative to fluorspar has been identified in a previous work from this laboratory which is the salt cake from secondary aluminum production such as the flux in remelting aluminum scrap and dross. This material is widely available and also considered toxic (meaning that use in steelmaking helps to reduce environmental impacts from disposal). The present work is an investigation of the viability of using mixtures of salt cake and KAlF4 in slag-fluidizing applications by measurements of viscosity and weight loss at high temperatures (to evaluate whether large amounts of potentially harmful gases are formed). In addition, characterization of raw materials and melted slags has been performed. In terms of fluidity the mixtures of aluminum salt cake and KAlF4 are qualified for use as fluidizers. The results of the present study will be used to design plant trials.

Comparative assessment of fluorine, sodium, and lithium distributions in snow cover in Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Ianchenko ◽  
Anna V. Talovskaya ◽  
Alexey A. Zanin
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Dispersion Pattern ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Atmospheric Scattering ◽  
Aluminium Production

Abstract Based on field studies of the snow cover and systematization and analysis of scientific data and technical literature data, the distributions of fluorine, sodium, and lithium, as elements included in the raw materials used for aluminum production, in the snow cover in areas proximal to Siberian aluminum smelters were considered. The results showed that the changes in concentrations of fluorine, sodium, and lithium in the snow cover near various plants have the same dispersion pattern, which can be described by an exponential relationship. Exponential relationships of diminishing concentration with distance from the emission source had high correlation coefficients. From the examples established by these relationships, an assumption was made that the behavior of these aerosols in the atmosphere is determined by the general physical and chemical properties, irrespective of the technologies and natural climatic regions of the plant locations. It is suggested that deposition of aerosols from industrial aluminium production can be achieved at a minimum distance from the plants or within the plant area through particle enlargement by various technological methods in aluminium production or by changing the atmospheric scattering capacity.

scholarly journals SRAVNITEL'NYY ANALIZ MIKROBIOLOGICHESKIKH POKAZATELEY KACHESTVA POVERKHNOSTI PLODOVOOVOSHCHNYKH PRODUKTOV, OBRABOTANNYKH VODOY I ELEKTROKHIMICHESKI AKTIVIROVANNYM VODNYM RASTVOROM COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY INDICATORS SURFACES OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS PROCESSED WITH WATER AND ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVATED AQUEOUS SOLUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3(72)) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
O.A. Suvorov ◽  
K.V. Prohorova ◽  
D.I. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Microbiological Safety ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Physical Processing ◽  
Positive Effect

The method of improving the microbiological safety of food products based on the use of an electrochemically activated solution of chlorine-oxygen and hydroperoxide compounds was researched. The issue of food products cleaning is very relevant in catering. It’s usually used tap water for cleaning of vegetables and fruits, not disinfectant solutions or physical processing methods. During the analysis of this problem, several experiments were conducted with the «Анолит АНК СУПЕР» (anolyte) as a disinfectant for food products. The active agents of this solution are represented by a mixture of highly active metastable chlorine-oxygen and hydroperoxide compounds. To study the action of the anolyte, a research was conducted to determine the total microbial number (QMAFAnM) and the presence of yeast and fungi on the surfaces of the selected raw materials. It was used microbiological rapid tests «Петритест». Samples were: fresh carrots, fresh celery (leaf), fresh apples. During the research of raw materials treated with water supplied by a centralized drinking water supply system, it was determined that its level of contamination is large. When the samples treated with a disinfectant solution, a positive effect was observed: no seeds were found on the test materials. Anolyte’s using did not affect the organoleptic Евразийский Союз Ученых (ЕСУ) # 3(72), 2020 5 indicators: freshly squeezed juice was made from the processed raw materials and tasted and smelled like the drink which was made from fruits and vegetables and treated by tap water. A comparative analysis of the results was carried out and it was found that the use of the test solution had a positive effect on the microbiological safety of raw materials

scholarly journals Biocontrol Potential of Neem Leaf-Based Vermicompost as Indicated by Chitinase, Protease and Β-1,3-Glucanase Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1267-1275
Author(s):  
Khye Er Loh ◽  
Nor Azwady Abdul Aziz ◽  
Muskhazli Mustafa ◽  
Intan Safinar Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Glucanase Activity ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

The rising concern regarding the negative impact of synthetic pesticides has led to the search for alternative means of pest control. Vermicomposting the mixture of oil palm empty fruit bunch and neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves, with the latter known to have pesticidal value, is therefore of great interest and significance to be studied. The present study was conducted to evaluate the chitinase, protease and β-1,3-glucanase activity of neem leaf-based vermicompost as an indication of its biocontrol properties. The total microbial population of different composition of the vermicompost was also investigated. The results showed that at 10% neem composition, an increment in microbial population, chitinase and protease activities was observed in the end product. A higher concentration of neem exerted a suppressive effect on the microbial population as well as enzymatic activity. This study suggested that the addition of an appropriate composition of neem leaves as one of the raw materials for vermicomposting would potentially enhance the performance of vermicompost as biofertilizer as well as biopesticide.

Mathematical Modeling оf the Silicon Production Process from Pelletized Charge

2020 ◽  
Vol 989 ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
Nina V. Nemchinova ◽  
Andrey A. Tyutrin ◽  
Sergei N. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Molten Silicon ◽  
Product Modeling ◽  
Silicon Phase ◽  
Silicon Production ◽  
Metallurgical Silicon

The paper considers the problem of recycling the dust waste resulting from metallurgical silicon production; such dust contains considerable amounts of valuable silica. The problem is solved by redirecting this byproduct to the silicon smelting process. We herein propose using the dust left in silicon and aluminum production as a component of pelletized charge, used for silicon smelting in ore-thermal furnaces (OTF). Mathematical (physico-chemical) modeling was applied to study the behavior of pelletized-charge components, in order to predict the chemical composition of smelting-produced silicon. We generated a model that simulated the four temperature zones of a furnace, as well as the crystalline-silicon phase (25°С). The model contained 17 elements entering the furnace, due to being contained in raw materials, electrodes, and the air. Modeling produced molten silicon, 91.73 wt% of which was the target product. Modeling showed that, when using the proposed combined charge, silicon extraction factor would amount to 69.25%, which agrees well with practical data. Results of modeling the chemical composition of crystalline silicon agreed well with the chemical analysis of actually produced silicon.

scholarly journals Research on the Kinetics of Pyrolysis of Wood-Based Panels in Terms of Waste Management

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaworski ◽  
Kajda-Szcześniak
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Transformation ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Material Recycling ◽  
Transformation Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinetics Of

Currently, there is a lot of interest in implementing the idea of ​​a circular economy along with searching for optimal methods of waste management in terms of raw materials and energy. Waste wood-based floor panels are part of this discussion with regard to its management. The interest in this waste results from statistics and the prediction of its future quantities on the waste market. The separation and testing of individual layers of the waste floor panel was undertaken to answer the following question: Is it reasonable to mechanically separate the contaminated upper panel layer from the remaining part (which is suitable for material recycling) and subject it to thermal transformation methods? Thermogravimetric studies did not confirm the rationale of mechanical separation of layers for further management. Therefore, the use of pyrolysis was proposed as an alternative by showing the advantages of this process in the thermal transformation of the tested waste. The analyzed kinetics of this process included: mass loss, the influence of heating rate on the decomposition process, the impact of volatile parts in the substrate on the rate of mass loss, and the share of coke residue. Empirical formulas of the tested substrates in the molecular formula C–H–O–N (carbon-hydrogen-oxygen-nitrogen) were also proposed to assess its energy usefulness by entering the analyzed waste into a Van Krevelen diagram.

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