Adolescent suicide and testosterone

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Rice ◽  
Leo Sher
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract Completed suicide is much more common in men than in women. Its incidence rises precipitously in adolescence. One biological hypothesis that accounts for the increased frequency of completed suicide in men is that the male sex hormone testosterone partially mediates the observed increase in suicide frequency among men. It is the aim of this communication to review the relevant literature and to describe putative biological mechanisms for this association. Specifically, we propose that the impairment wrought by of high levels of testosterone in the adolescent upon the emotion regulation system contribute to an account for these findings. Herein, we describe this neural system and the specific effects of testosterone upon the system. We conclude with a discussion of clinical implications and applications with an aim of stimulating further research.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its Sulphate (DHEAS) in Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubravka S. Strac ◽  
Marcela Konjevod ◽  
Matea N. Perkovic ◽  
Lucija Tudor ◽  
Gordana N. Erjavec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
And Behavior

Background: Neurosteroids Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate (DHEAS) are involved in many important brain functions, including neuronal plasticity and survival, cognition and behavior, demonstrating preventive and therapeutic potential in different neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease. Objective: The aim of the article was to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on the involvement of DHEA and DHEAS in Alzheimer’s disease. Method: PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched for relevant literature. The articles were selected considering their titles and abstracts. In the selected full texts, lists of references were searched manually for additional articles. Results: We performed a systematic review of the studies investigating the role of DHEA and DHEAS in various in vitro and animal models, as well as in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, and provided a comprehensive discussion on their potential preventive and therapeutic applications. Conclusion: Despite mixed results, the findings of various preclinical studies are generally supportive of the involvement of DHEA and DHEAS in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, showing some promise for potential benefits of these neurosteroids in the prevention and treatment. However, so far small clinical trials brought little evidence to support their therapy in AD. Therefore, large-scale human studies are needed to elucidate the specific effects of DHEA and DHEAS and their mechanisms of action, prior to their applications in clinical practice.

scholarly journals The Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies and Behavioral Activation System (BAS) in Social Adjustment of Adolescents With Conduct Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Soheila Imanparvar ◽  
Meysam Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Behavioral Activation System ◽  
Activation System ◽  
Regulation Strategies

The purpose of this research was to explain the role of emotion regulation strategies and behavioral activation system (BAS) in social adjustment of adolescents with conduct disorder. The method of study is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all junior high school students in Ardabil in 2016. The sampling was conducted by the multistage cluster method and then 50 subjects with conduct disorder were selected as the sample group using this method. Data of the present study were collected using Rutter behavioral disorders questionnaire (form B), students adjustment questionnaire, emotion regulation questionnaire and activation system and behavioral inhibition questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient test and regression analysis using SPSS software. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between social adjustment and behavioral activation (BAS) and emotion regulation system (P<0.05). Also, the results of regression analysis showed that behavioral activation and emotion regulation system can significantly explain 16% variances in social adjustment of students with conduct disorders. Accordingly, it can be concluded that behavioral activation and emotion regulation system plays a role in social adjustment.

Recurrent Adolescent Suicidal Behavior

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-608
Author(s):  
Matilda S. McIntire ◽  
Carol R. Angle ◽  
Richard L. Wikoff ◽  
Marilyn L. Schlicht
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Emergency Room Visits ◽  
Suicidal Risk ◽  
Destructive Behavior ◽  
The Third ◽  
Completed Suicide

Suicide is the third leading cause of death among people in the age group 15 to 25 years.1 Self-destructive behavior in children and adolescents is a continuum that ranges from drug intoxications to gestures of low lethality to suicide attempts with high lethality of intent. In our survey of 1,100 self-poisonings in people aged 6 to 18 who were seen at poison control centers we found an incidence of 220 self-poisonings for every fatality.2 This is higher but comparable to other estimates of 50 to 150 suicide gestures for every reported death from suicide in the adolescent.3-6 Suicide attempts may account for 12% of all emergency room visits.7 This represents a public health problem of the first magnitude. It is ironically tragic that many of the adolescent suicide deaths are unintentioned-the victim did not really intend to die. In our collaborative poison study, for example, none of the six deaths could be called intended. The adolescents were not victims of suicide but of pharmacologic roulette. The single best correlate of suicidal risk appears to be lethality of intent. A diagnosis of suicide attempt, as contrasted to a gesture, implies both a lethality of intent coupled with a mature concept of death as an irreversible state. Lethality is defined by Shneidman8 as the probability of an individual's killing himself in the immediate future. In classifying all deaths as intentioned, subintentioned, and unintentioned as contrasted to the traditional classifications of natural, accidental, suicidal, and homicidal he has used the dimension of lethality to cut across the terms attempted, threatened, and completed suicide.

Emotion Regulation and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2017 ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Blossom Fernandes ◽  
Roseann Tan-Mansukhani ◽  
Cecilia A. Essau
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 6 describes emotion dysregulation features which are associated with children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In ADHD adaptive emotion regulation processes are impaired; this negatively impacts the individual’s ability to flexibly select, attend, and appraise emotionally evocative stimuli. This is identified as emotion dysregulation, which occurs when individuals fail to alter emotional states that affect behaviours necessary for achieving one’s goals. This review also examines the relationship between executive functions and emotion dysregulation in ADHD. Successful modulation of emotion occurs as a result of intact executive functions; however, ADHD is characterized by poor executive functions as a result of deficits in the prefrontal cortical networks. Along with describing neural mechanisms associated with ADHD, this review also focuses on the development of emotion dysregulation, clinical implications and current interventions.

scholarly journals Biological mechanisms and clinical implications of endocrine resistance in breast cancer

The Breast ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. S42-S49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Giuliano ◽  
Rachel Schiff ◽  
C. Kent Osborne ◽  
Meghana V. Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Endocrine Resistance ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Biological Mechanisms

Nodal Yield in Neck Dissection and the Likelihood of Metastases

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T. Agrama ◽  
David Reiter ◽  
Mary F. Cunnane ◽  
Allan Topham ◽  
William M. Keane
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Neck Dissection ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Cervical Metastases ◽  
Nodal Yield ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to begin investigating the relationship between nodal yield in neck dissection and the likelihood of finding cervical metastases in T1 and T2 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). No clinical implications are drawn from this preliminary work. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: This study was a retrospective analysis of 564 patients with T1 and T2 HNSCC of the oral cavity, oropharynx, or hypopharynx from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program registry. A multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between nodal yield in neck dissection and the discovery of cervical metastases. Other independent factors included in the analysis were gender, age, race, and primary site of tumor. RESULTS: Compared with nodal yield < 13, cervical metastases were more likely to be found for nodal yield 21–28 ( P < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 3.68), 29–40 (P = 0.021, OR = 1.98), and >40 (P < 0.001, OR = 3.52). Increased age, male sex, and oropharynx and hypopharynx primaries were also associated with a significantly increased likelihood of finding cervical metastases. CONCLUSION: In T1 and T2 cases of HNSCC, nodal yield >20, increased age, male sex, and primary site correspond with an increased likelihood of finding cervical metastases.

Keeping up day-specific effects of transformational leadership: the role of followers’ emotion regulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Kuonath ◽  
Julia Specht ◽  
Jana Kühnel ◽  
Daniela Pachler ◽  
Dieter Frey
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Specific Effects

Emotion Regulation in Children With Specific Language Impairment

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fujiki ◽  
Bonnie Brinton ◽  
Diane Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Typical Peers

Purpose : The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine if emotion regulation warrants investigation as a factor influencing social outcomes in children with specific language impairment (SLI). Emotion regulation was evaluated in children with SLI and their typically developing peers. Method : Teachers were asked to rate the emotion regulation behaviors of 41 children with SLI and 41 typical peers using the "Emotion Regulation Checklist" (ERC, Shields & Cicchetti, 1997; 1998). Children were sampled from two age levels (6–9 years and 10–13 years). At each age level, equal numbers of boys and girls were sampled. Results : As a group, children with SLI received significantly lower ratings than typical children. In addition, girls produced higher scores than boys. None of the other interactions was significant. Scores on the two subscales of the ERC, labeled as lability/negativity and emotion regulation, were then examined to further delineate performance. Boys with SLI had notably lower ratings than all the other groups on the emotion regulation subscale. Clinical Implications : Emotion regulation warrants further research to determine if it is associated with specific social outcomes in children with SLI.

scholarly journals The Role of Positive Affect in Aggression

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Chester
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Effective Interventions

Aggressive behavior hurts us all and is studied across psychology’s subdisciplines. Classical theories discuss the causes of aggression in the context of negative affect (e.g., frustration, pain). However, more recent research implicates positive affect as an important correlate and cause of aggression. Such aggressive pleasure likely evolved from ancient predatory tendencies that later yielded reproductive benefits, holds across reactive and proactive forms of aggression, and is used strategically as an item in many people’s emotion-regulation toolkit. Findings from psychological and neural sciences have converged to detail aggression’s hedonically pleasant qualities and the motivational and biological mechanisms through which they occur. This new approach generates novel hypotheses and might lead to effective interventions that mollify mankind’s aggressive tendencies.

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