Degradation of basic violet 16 dye by electro-activated persulfate process from aqueous solutions and toxicity assessment using microorganisms: determination of by-products, reaction kinetic and optimization using Box–Behnken design

Abstract This study was performed to determine the efficiency of the electro/persulfate process to remove basic violet 16 (BV16) dye and COD from aqueous solutions. The present study was experimentally performed on a laboratory scale. The effect of pH on the process was investigated independently, and after performing the experiments, the effect of voltage (volts), the dose of persulfate (g/L), initial concentration of BV16 dye, and electrolysis time was investigated with the model presented by Box Behnken design, and optimal conditions for BV16 dye removal was obtained. Under optimal conditions, COD removal efficiency and toxicity changes during the process were calculated, and the effect of distance between electrodes and surface of electrodes on process efficiency was investigated. By-products of oxidative degradation were determined with LS-MS. The amount of electrical energy consumed by the process was investigated by voltage changes and then the kinetics of the process was investigated by a pseudo-first-order model. The results showed that the electro/persulfate process in optimal conditions including pH of 5, a voltage of 11.43 V, persulfate dose of 0.09 g/L, initial BV16 concentration of 45 mg/L, and electrolysis time of 48.5 min could provide BV16 dye removal efficiency of 95% and COD removal efficiency of 57.14%. Findings of electrical energy consumption showed that with increasing voltage, the efficiency of the process increased, but the amount of energy consumption also increased. Under optimal conditions, increasing distance between the electrodes was led to a decrease in removal efficiency, but the removal efficiency increased with the increasing surface of the electrodes. Based on the kinetic results, the electro/persulfate process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with R 2 = 0.9956. The present study showed that the electro/persulfate process as a useful technique has high efficiency in removing BV16 dye and its toxicity from aqueous solutions and can be effective and useful in removing the COD of solution.

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Optimization of copper removal from aqueous solutions in a continuous electrochemical cell divided by cellulosic separator

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2016.619 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. 1233-1242 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ali Asghar Najafpoor ◽

Mojtaba Davoudi ◽

Elham Rahmanpour Salmani

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Copper Concentration ◽

Electrochemical Cell ◽

Current Intensity ◽

Copper Removal ◽

Flow Mode ◽

Electrolysis Time ◽

Optimal Conditions

Copper, as an inseparable part of many industrial discharges, threatens both public and environmental health. In this work, an electrochemical cell utilizing a cellulosic separator was used to evaluate Cu removal using graphite anodes and stainless steel cathodes in a continuous-flow mode reactor. In the experimental matrix, Cu concentration (1–5 mg L−1), electrolysis time (20–90 min), and current intensity (0.1–0.4 A) were employed. Results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of copper was obtained as 99%. The removal efficiency was independent of initial copper concentration and directly related to electrolysis time and current intensity. Energy consumption was more dependent on current intensity than electrolysis time. Under optimal conditions (75.8 min electrolysis time, 0.18 A current intensity, and 3 mg L−1 copper concentration), the removal efficiency was obtained as 91% while 7.05 kWh m−3 electrical energy was consumed. The differences between the actual and predicted data under optimal conditions were 0.42% for copper removal and 0.23% for energy consumption, which signify the performance and reliability of the developed models. The results exhibited the suitability of the electrochemical reduction for copper removal from aqueous solutions, which was facilitated under alkaline conditions prevailing in the cathodic compartment due to applying a cell divided by a cellulosic separator.

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The Efficiency of Separate and Combined Modified Electrolysis Processes and Electric Coagulation in Removing Yellow Gold Dye (Gold Yellow X-GL) from Aqueous Solutions

Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development ◽

10.18502/jehsd.v4i3.1501 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Reza Ali Fallahzadeh ◽

Davoud Ghadirian ◽

Ahmad Fattahi ◽

Pejman Amjadian ◽

Samaneh Mozaffary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Dye Removal ◽

Refining Process ◽

Process Efficiency ◽

Iron Electrode ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Yellow Color ◽

Golden Yellow ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Disposal of the wastewater produced in the paper and paperboard industry without the refining process can add substances to the environment, which are harmful to humans, environment, and other organisms. With regard to process efficiency, the current methods used in wastewater treatment of this industry are economically unjustifiable. Therefore, in this research, the electrolysis / electrocoagulation method was investigated using a graphite / iron electrode for synthetic aqueous solutions containing golden yellow X-GL. Materials and Methods: In this test, two Plexiglas reactors with a volume of 3 liters were used. The impact of the operation parameters such as voltage, initial dye concentration, and reaction time were investigated. Dye concentration in specimens was determined by visible spectrophotometry using DR-5000 at 438nm wavelength. Results: In optimal conditions of voltage 12V, dye concentration 10 mg/l, and time 60 min, the removal efficiency rates of electrolysis reactors, electric coagulation, and combined reactor were 64.17%, 75.42%, and 84.19% respectively. By increasing the dye concentration and decreasing the voltage, the dye removal efficiency decreased. Conclusion: The electric coagulation process using an iron electrode is a suitable method for removing the yellow color of colored aqueous solutions from the paper and paperboard industry.

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Effect of Praestol as a Coagulant-Aid to Improve Coagulation-Flocculation in Dye containing Wastewaters

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.001738 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 38-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Ionic Strength ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Dye Removal ◽

Settling Time ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Polyaluminum Chloride ◽

Flocculation Process ◽

Flocculation Time

<div> This study was conducted to investigate the effect of praestol, as a coagulant-aid, to improve coagulation-flocculation process in the removal of disperse red 60 from aqueous solutions. The effect of various parameters including coagulants dose (10-1000 mg l-1), praestol dose (0-1000 mg l-1), solution pH (3-11), initial dye concentration (100-500 mg l-1), flocculation speed (30-60 rpm), flocculation time (15-30 min), settling time (5-60 min) and ionic strength (0-6 mg l-1) was evaluated on the dye removal. The dye removal efficiency was substantially increased by using praestol in the concentration of 80 mg l-1 and 400 mg l-1 for coagulation with alum and polyaluminum chloride (PACl), respectively. The maximum dye removal by alum coupled with praestol (Al-P) and PACl coupled with praestol (PA-P) was found to be 97.8% and 98.7%, respectively that were occurred at pH 7. The results showed that the application of PA-P or Al-P can be effectively used to remove disperse red 60 (DR 60) in aqueous solutions. </div>

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Kinetic study of dye removal using TiO2 supported on polyethylene terephthalate by advanced oxidation processes through neural networks

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2019.111 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 79 (6) ◽

pp. 1134-1143 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ada Azevedo Barbosa ◽

Ramon Vinicius Santos de Aquino ◽

Naiana Santos da Cruz Santana Neves ◽

Renato Falcão Dantas ◽

Marta Maria Menezes Bezerra Duarte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Study ◽

Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽

Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽

Dye Removal ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Optimum Operating ◽

Order Model ◽

Oxidation Processes ◽

First Order ◽

Pseudo First Order

Abstract This work investigated the efficiency of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as support material for TiO2 films in the photocatalytic degradation of red Bordeaux and yellow tartrazine dyes. The optimum operating conditions were determined by a factorial design, which resulted after 180 min of treatment in degradations of 99.5% and 99.1% for the UVC/H2O2/TiO2Sup and solar/H2O2/TiO2Sup systems, respectively. For the kinetic study, the experimental data fitted to the pseudo-first-order model and the calculated kinetic constants (k) values were 0.03 min−1 for the UVC/H2O2/TiO2Sup system and 0.0213 min−1 for the system solar/H2O2/TiO2Sup. It was verified that TiO2 supported in the PET remained with high degradation efficiency even after five cycles of reuse, indicating a good stability of the photocatalyst in the support. A significant reduction of TOC content was also observed along the reaction time. The phytotoxicity bioassay with Lactuca sativa demonstrated that after treatment with UVC/H2O2/TiO2Sup and solar/H2O2/TiO2SUP, an increase in IC50 and consequently lower toxicity was observed.

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Effect of Cyclodextrins on Photodegradation of 4,4-Bis(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Pentanoic Acid under UV Irradiation

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.455 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 665 ◽

pp. 455-458

Author(s):

Li Guo ◽

Jin Huang ◽

Jun Wu ◽

Lei Lei Luo

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Fluorescence Spectra ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Uv Light ◽

Order Reaction ◽

Pentanoic Acid ◽

Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽

First Order ◽

Inclusion Interaction ◽

Pseudo First Order

The photodegradation of 4,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) pentanoic acid (DPA) with two cyclodextrins (α-CD and β-CD ) in aqueous solutions induced by UV-light was studied in this paper by means of fluorescence spectra and high efficiency liquid chromatography. The result suggested that DPA with α-CD or β-CD formed inclusion compound in aqueous solutions. The photodegradation of DPA with two cyclodextrins or without cyclodextrin was pseudo-first order reaction. The photodegradation of DPA was accelerated by the addition of β-CD in aqueous solutions, but the that of DPA was inhibited in case of adding α-CD. These differences were due to the differences in inclusion interaction of DPA with α-CD or β-CD.

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Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Environments Using Micelle-Clay Adsorption

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/942703 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Mohannad Qurie ◽

Mustafa Khamis ◽

Adnan Manassra ◽

Ibrahim Ayyad ◽

Shlomo Nir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Contact Time ◽

Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Batch Experiments ◽

Langmuir Adsorption ◽

Ph Values ◽

Aqueous Environments

Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions under different conditions was investigated using either clay (montmorillonite) or micelle-clay complex, the last obtained by adsorbing critical micelle concentration of octadecyltrimethylammonium ions onto montmorillonite. Batch experiments showed the effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage, and pH on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Langmuir adsorption isotherm fitted the experimental data giving significant results. Filtration experiments using columns filled with micelle-clay complex mixed with sand were performed to assess Cr(VI) removal efficiency under continuous flow at different pH values. The micelle-clay complex used in this study was capable of removing Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions without any prior acidification of the sample. Results demonstrated that the removal effectiveness reached nearly 100% when using optimal conditions for both batch and continuous flow techniques.

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Study of C.I. Acid Orange 7 removal in contaminated water by photo oxidation processes

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.000435 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 16-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Uv Irradiation ◽

Rate Constant ◽

Dye Removal ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Textile Dye ◽

Acid Orange 7 ◽

Acid Orange ◽

First Order

C.I. Acid Orange 7 (AO7) commonly used as a textile dye and could be degraded by UV/ZnO, UV/H2O2 and UV/H2O2/Fe (III) (photofenton) processes. In the photocatalytic degradation of dye by UV/ZnO process, effect of some parameters such as UV irradiation time, presence of ZnO and UV irradiation, pH, concentrations of ZnO, dye, H2O2 and ethanol was examined and first order reaction rate constant was calculated equal to 2.39×10-2 min-1 at experimental condition. The semi-log plot of dye concentration versus time was linear, suggesting first order reaction. Efficiency of photodegradation process in the absence of ZnO photocatalyst and UV light was small. Increasing the UV irradiation time increased AO7 removal. Ethanol had inhibitory effect on this process. Maximum AO7 removal was seen at neutral pH area. In the UV/H2O2 process, effect of some parameters such as presence of H2O2 and UV irradiation, amount of H2O2, effect of pH and addition of bicarbonate on the efficiency of dye removal were examined. Absence of each of UV irradiation or H2O2 decreased AO7 removal efficiency near to zero. Increasing H2O2 concentration increased dye removal to some extent but at higher H2O2 concentrations, dye removal efficiency did not increase. Increasing pH to value about 9 increased the AO7 removal efficiency and increasing bicarbonate anion concentration decreased it. Rate constant of AO7 removal by this process was calculated to be equal to 4.221×10-1 min-1 at experimental condition. Also, the order of UV/ H2O2/Fe (III) > UV/ H2O2 > UV/Fe (III) > H2O2/Fe (III), was seen for AO7 removal efficiency of these processes. Increasing Fe (III) and oxalate concentration increased dye removal efficiency.

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Photodegradation of lincomycin in aqueous solution

International Journal of Photoenergy ◽

10.1155/ijp/2006/47418 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2006 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Agatino Di Paola ◽

Maurizio Addamo ◽

Vincenzo Augugliaro ◽

Elisa García-López ◽

Vittorio Loddo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Uv Light ◽

Heterogeneous Systems ◽

Degradation Pathways ◽

Direct Photolysis ◽

First Order ◽

First Order Kinetics ◽

Pseudo First Order ◽

Complete Mineralization

Aqueous solutions of lincomycin were irradiated with UV light in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Lincomycin disappeared in both systems but the presence ofTiO2noticeably accelerated the degradation of the antibiotic in comparison with direct photolysis. The rate of decomposition was dependent on the concentration of lincomycin and followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics. Photolysis involved only the oxidation of lincomycin without mineralization. Differently, the treatment withTiO2and UV light resulted in a complete mineralization of the antibiotic. The degradation pathways involved S- and N-demethylation and propyldealkylation. The mineralization of the molecule led to the formation of sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate ions.

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Removal of disperse orange and disperse blue dyes present in textile mill effluent using zeolite synthesized from cenospheres

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2021.216 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Markandeya ◽

Sheo Prasad Shukla ◽

Arun Lal Srivastav

Keyword(s):

Contact Time ◽

Dye Removal ◽

Coal Fly Ash ◽

Batch Process ◽

Agitation Speed ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Textile Mill ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Adsorbent Dosage ◽

Zeolite Adsorbent

Abstract In the present research, an efficient, eco-friendly method of utilization of coal fly ash in the form of zeolite, to treat wastewater containing dyes has been studied. Response surface methodology involving Box-Behnken design was applied for a batch process to evaluate the effect of process parameters like contact time, dye concentration, agitation speed, pH and adsorbent dosage onto zeolite. Disperse Orange 25 (DO) dye showed maximum 96% removal under optimal conditions of contact time (119 min), dye concentration (38.00 mg/L), agitation speed (158 rpm), pH (6.10) and adsorbent dosage (0.67 g/L), whereas 95.23% of Disperse Blue 79:1 (DB) dye removal was observed at adsorbent dose (1.05 g/L), dye concentration (26.72 mg/L), agitation speed (145 rpm), pH (5.68) and contact time (122 min). Study concluded that cenospheres derivatized zeolite adsorbent is efficient, eco-friendly and economical along with high potential for removal of DO and DB dyes from the aqueous solutions.

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Study of the effectiveness of the third generation polyamideamine and polypropylene imine dendrimers in removal of reactive blue 19 dye from aqueous solutions

Environmental Health Engineering and Management ◽

10.15171/ehem.2018.27 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 197-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sepideh Sadeghi ◽

Ghazal Raki ◽

Asrin Amini ◽

Nezamaddin Mengelizadeh ◽

Mohammad Mehdi Amin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Dye Removal ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Third Generation ◽

Freundlich Isotherms ◽

The Third ◽

Reactive Blue 19 ◽

Adsorption Data ◽

Poly Propylene

Background: Dye and colored materials cause health risks in water and therefore, must be removed from water supplies and wastewater. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the third generation poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) and poly (propylene imine) dendrimers (PPI-G3) in the removal of reactive blue 19 (RB19) dye from aqueous solutions and determine the optimum conditions for the removal. Methods: This study was performed in a laboratory and batch scale. In this study, synthetic wastewater was examined with three different concentrations of RB19 (25, 50, and 100 mg/L), different pHs (3, 7, and 10), various amounts of dendrimer (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 g/L), and at different times (15, 30, and 60 minutes) during the adsorption process. The remaining amount of dye was measured by spectrophotometer at 592 nm wavelength. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were also tested. Results: The results showed that by increasing the reaction time and adsorbent dosage, the rate of dye removal increased while by increasing the initial dye concentration and pH, the dye removal efficiency was significantly decreased. In this study, with increase of pH from 3 to 10, dye removal efficiency at a concentration of 25 mg/L, decreased from 72% to 20% and 88% to 17% by PAMAM and PPI dendrimers, respectively. Excel software was used for data analysis. Conclusion: Both adsorbents had a good dye removal efficiency, but PPI dendrimer was more effective in removing RB19. Adsorption data followed the Langmuir isotherm.

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