Thin-Layer Drying Model of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Kernel and Its Application in Fat Extraction Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirirattana Chimplee ◽  
Utai Klinkesorn
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Fat Extraction ◽  
Nephelium Lappaceum ◽  
Thin Layer Drying ◽  
Drying Model ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Air Dryer

Abstract Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) kernels contain a high amount of fat and it has a potential to be used as a new alternative source of edible vegetable fat. Drying of fat seed can improve the fat yield and prolong the seed storage shelf life. Therefore the drying behaviour of rambutan kernels was investigated using a hot air dryer for 6 h at each of three temperatures, 45°C, 55°C and 65°C. Based on the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE), modified Henderson and Pabis model was found to be the best thin-layer drying model for rambutan kernels (R2 > 0.99 and RMSE < 0.02). The effective moisture diffusivity of rambutan kernels, estimated from a modified equation of Fick’s second law of diffusion, was 2.56 × 10–10 to 3.68 × 10–10 m2 s–1. The result of fat extraction significantly indicates the effect of low moisture rambutan kernels on the fat yield enhancing (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Model Pengeringan Lapisan Tipis Rebung Bambu “Tabah” (Gigantochloa nigrociliata KURZ)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Gede Arda ◽  
P.K. Diah Kencana ◽  
IBP. Gunadnya ◽  
Ni Luh Yulianti
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Page Model ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Bamboo Shoots ◽  
Thin Layer Drying ◽  
Drying Models ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Drying Model

Abstrak. Rebung bambu tabah (Gigantochloa nigrociliata KURZ) merupakan produk khas daerah Pupuan, Tabanan, Bali yang mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai produk yang bernilai ekonomis. Kajian awal proses pengeringan rebung untuk meningkatkan umur simpan rebung bambu Tabah dilakukan pada penelitian ini. Kurva laju pengeringan rebung bambu Tabah memberikan informasi penting untuk proses pengeringan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari karakteristik laju pengeringan rebung bambu Tabah melalui aplikasi model pengeringan lapisan tipis. Rebung bambu Tabah yang dibelah menjadi dua dan empat bagian dikeringkan pada suhu 50oC, 60oC, dan 70oC. Perubahan kadar air setiap saat kemudian dimodelkan dengan model Newton dan Page. Kesesuaian model yang digunakan dievaluasi dengan menentukan nilai koefisien determinasi (r2) dan RMSE dari model. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa model Page lebih baik digunakan untuk memodelkan pengeringan rebung bambu Tabah pada semua perlakuan. Model Newton menunjukkan ketidaksesuaian yang sangat tinggi pada suhu 50oC namun kesesuaiannya meningkat pada suhu yang lain.  Thin Layer Drying Model of Bamboo Shoots “Tabah” (Gigantochloa nigrociliata KURZ) Abstract. Bamboo shoots Tabah (Gigantochloa nigrociliata KURZ) is a unique product of Pupuan District, Tabanan, Bali which is potent to be developed as highly value product. Preliminary study of the bamboo shoots drying to enhance its storage life was conducted in this research. Bamboo shoots Tabah’s drying rate curve give an important information for its drying process. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the characteristics of bamboo shoots Tabah drying by applying thin layer drying models. Bamboo shoots split into two and four pieces were dried under drying air temperatures 50oC, 60oC, and 70oC. Instantaneous moisture content of the shoots are modeled by Newton and Page model. The goodness of the models were evaluated by determining its coefficient of determination (r2) and RMSE. The results showed that Page model was better to model the bamboo shoots Tabah drying process on all drying treatments. The Newton Model indicated the worst fit on drying air temperature 50oC while showed better fit on other temperatures.

scholarly journals Drying kinetics and quality aspects during heat pump drying of onion (Allium cepa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihar Ranjan Sahoo ◽  
Uma Sankar Pal ◽  
Sanjaya Kumar Dash ◽  
M.D. K. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Thin Layer Drying ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Heat Pump Drying ◽  
Air Dryer

A prototype heat pump dryer has been developed for drying of fruits and vegetables at low temperature and relative humidity to maintain the quality of dried product. Onions, of Nasik red variety were peeled, trimmed and sliced to 2 mm thickness. The onion slices were dried in the heat pump dryer at 35ºC (32 % R.H.), 40ºC (26 % R.H.), 45ºC (19 % R.H.) and 50ºC (15 % R.H.). Samples were also dried in a hot air dryer at 50ºC (52 % R.H.) for comparison. The drying rate increased with increase in drying air temperature, associated with reduced R.H., in the heat pump dryer. Drying took place mainly under the falling rate period. The Page equation, resulting in a higher coefficient of determination and lower root mean square error, better described the thin-layer drying of onion slices than the Henderson and Pabis equation. Heat pump drying took less drying time of 360 min and yielded better quality dried product, with higher retention of ascorbic acid and pyruvic acid and lower colour change, as compared to a hot air dryer at the same drying air temperature of 50ºC.

scholarly journals Thin-layer mathematical modeling of apple slices drying, using open sun and cabinet solar drying methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Abdul Wasim Noori ◽  
Mohammad Jafar Royen ◽  
Juma Haydary
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Thin Layer Drying

This paper aims to investigate the effect of climate conditions such as ambient temperature, humidity, pressure, sun radiation and pollution on sliced apples quality and drying time which are dried in an indirect forced cabinet solar drying (IFCSD) and open sun drying (OSD) systems. Both experiments were implemented at same place (Kabul, Afghanistan) and time. The IFCSD yield for saving time is 42.8 % which is more effective than drying in the OSD system. Simultaneously with the decreasing of sliced apple weight from 512.9 g down to 73.9 g, the water activity decreased from 0.955 down to 0.355 in the IFCSD system. For OSD system, the sample weight decreased from 512.6 g down to 78.4 g and its water activity from 0.955 down to 0.411. On the experiment day the average sun radiation was 571 w/m2 . The pressure drop between inlet and outlet of the dryer was 0.1 kPa. Different thin-layer mathematical models were investigated to identify the best model fitting the experimental data. The mathematical models’ performances were investigated by comparing the coefficient of determination (R 2 ), reduced chi-square (X2 ) and root mean square error (RMSE) coefficients. From all 11 applied thin-layer drying models the Page, Approximation diffusion, Verma et al and Midilli and Kacuk models are more fitted to our data.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modeling of Drying Pattern of Ogi Produced From Two Types of Maize Grain

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Bolaji O. T. ◽  
Olalusi A. P. ◽  
Adesina B. S.
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Moisture Ratio ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Pattern ◽  
Thin Layer Drying ◽  
Drying Model ◽  
Maize Grain

<p>This paper presents thin layer modeling of <em>ogi</em> produced from yellow and white maize at varying soaking period and dried in the cabinet and oven at 50 ºC. The moisture decrease for cabinet dried o<em>gi</em> produced from white maize from 49.0 11.5%, 49.5 to 11.32%, 46.5 to 12.33% and 46.12.29%. The drying rate for both oven and cabinet dried <em>ogi</em> produced from yellow maize decreased from 4.6 to 0.0525 kg/min, 4.5 to 0.0513 kg/min, 4.35 to 0.049 kg/min and 4.4 to 0.047 kg/min while for oven dried <em>ogi</em> followed a similar trend. The experimental data obtained were fitted to five thin layer models: Newton, Page, Herderson and Pabis, Two term and Wingh and Singh models. The values obtained for <em>ogi</em> produced from white maize and dried in the cabinet and oven at 50 ºC for Newton model gave a lower R<sup>2</sup>, ?<sup>2</sup>, RMSE compared with respective values obtained from Page, Herderson and Pabis, two term, Wing and Singh models. The two terms model appear to be the best model among the five models used in this work and had higher R<sup>2</sup>, lower ?<sup>2</sup>, and RMSE. The <em>ogi</em> produced from yellow maize at varying soaking period of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours and dried in cabinet dryer and fitted with two term showed model constants a, K<sub>0,</sub> b, K<sub>1</sub> 0.04315, 0.0388995, 0.919, 2.2 × 10<sup>-3</sup> while the R<sup>2</sup>, ?<sup>2 </sup>RMSE were 0.9933, 5.85 × 10<sup>-4</sup> and 4.85 × 10<sup>5 </sup>for <em>ogi</em> produced for 24 hours soaking, respectively. The soaking period does not seem to affect the moisture ratio and the thin layer drying model. However, the initial moisture and equipment seems to affect significantly.</p>

scholarly journals Kinetika Pengeringan Lapisan Tipis Daun Jati Belanda (Thin Layer Drying Kinetics of Guazuma Ulmifolia Leaves)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Hendri Syah ◽  
Armansyah Halomoan Tambunan ◽  
Edy Hartulistiyoso ◽  
Lamhot Parulian Manalu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Convective Mass Transfer ◽  
Thin Layer Drying ◽  
Drying Models ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia ◽  
Kinetics Of

The objectives of this study were to determine a suitable thin layer drying model to describe the drying kinetics of Guazuma ulmifolia leaves and determine the mass transfer parameters of Guazuma ulmifolia leaves. The drying of Guazuma ulmifolia leaves was conducted in a laboratory scale dryer with various temperature (40oC, 50oC, and 60oC) and relative humidity (30%, 40%, 50% and 60%). Five drying models, namely, Newton, Henderson and Pabis, Page, Midilli-Kucuk, and Verma et al. were fitted to the drying data. The drying curve of guazuma leaves did not show a constant drying period during the drying period. The models suitability were compared base on coefficient of determination (R2), root square mean errors (RSME), and reduced mean square of deviation (X2). It was found that, among the models evaluated, the Midilli and Kucuk model is the best to describe the drying kinetics of Guazuma ulmifolia leaves. The effective moisture diffusivity was found to be in the range of 10-13 – 10-12 m2/s and the convective mass transfer coefficient was in the range of 10-9 – 10-10 m/s. The activation energy value was found to be 89.21 kJ/mol.

scholarly journals Thin Layer Drying Kinetics Modelling of Curry Leaves (Murraya koenigii L.) in Cabinet Dryer

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Arjun Ghimire ◽  
Nirajan Magar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Effective Diffusivity ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Kinetics Modelling ◽  
Curry Leaves ◽  
Thin Layer Drying

Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii L.) are the sweet smelling leaves of small tree of Rutaceae family native to Southwest Asia. In this study, the effect of temperatures (50, 55 and 60°C) on the drying of curry leaves was investigated. The experimental data were fitted to six thin layer mathematical models (Newton, Page, Handerson and Pabis, logarithmic, two-term exponential and Midilli et al). The models were evaluated in terms of coefficient of determination (R2), chi square (χ2) and root mean square error (RMSE). The Midilli et al model was best fitted to the experimental data of all the models evaluated. The effective diffusivity was calculated using Fick's diffusion equation, and the value varied from 2.07×10-12 m2/s to 2.643×10-12 m2/s. The activation energy and the diffusivity constant were found to be 21.808 kJ/mol and 4.667×10-8 m2/s respectively.

scholarly journals Thin Layer Drying Kinetics of Wheat Grain in a Convective Hot-Air Dryer

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
A. Matouk ◽  
A. El-Sayed ◽  
A. Tharwat ◽  
M. Farhan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Thin Layer Drying ◽  
Air Dryer ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Drying kinetics of dill leaves in a convective dryer

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Motevali ◽  
S. Younji ◽  
R. Amiri Chayjan ◽  
N. Aghilinategh ◽  
A. Banakar
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Moisture Ratio ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Threshold Functions ◽  
Feed Forward Back Propagation ◽  
Thin Layer Drying ◽  
Drying Behavior

Abstract Thin layer drying characteristics of dill leaves under fixed, semi-fluidized, and fluidized bed conditions were studied at air temperatures of 30, 40, 50, and 60°C. In order to find a suitable drying curve, 12 thin layer-drying models were fitted to the experimental data of the moisture ratio. Among the applied mathematical models, the Midilli et al. model was the best for drying behavior prediction in thin layer drying of dill leaves. To obtain the optimum network for drying of dill leaves, various numbers of multilayer feed-forward neural networks were made and tested with different numbers of hidden layers and neurons. The best neural network feed-forward back-propagation topology for the prediction of drying of dill leaves (moisture ratio and drying rate) was the 3-45-2 structure with the training algorithm trainlm and threshold functions logsig and purelin. The coefficient of determination for this topology for training, validation, and testing patterns was 0.9998, 0.9981, and 0.9990, respectively. Effective moisture diffusivity of dill leaves during the drying process in different bed types was found to be in the range from 7.10 10-12 to 1.62 10-10 m2 s-1. Also, the values of activation energy were determined to be between 75.435 and 80.118 kJ mol-1

scholarly journals Modelling of Thin-Layer Drying of Osmo-Pretreated Red Bell Pepper

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Michael Mayokun Odewole ◽  
Kehinde James Falua
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Model Equation ◽  
Osmotic Dehydration ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Statistical Indices ◽  
Thin Layer Drying ◽  
Osmotic Solution ◽  
Drying Behaviour

Abstract The paper observes a thin-layer drying behaviour of red bell pepper. The red bell pepper (192 samples) was pretreated in osmotic solution of salt of concentrations 5–20% (w/w) at osmotic solution temperatures (30–60 °C) and osmotic process durations (30–120 min) and dried at 60 °C in a locally fabricated convective dryer after preformation of osmotic dehydration pretreatment process. Experimental moisture content values obtained from the drying process were converted to moisture ratios. Seven existing thin-layer drying model equations were used for model equation fitting. The predicted and experimental (observed) moisture ratios were analysed statistically. The statistical indices and rules used to judge and select the model equation that would best describe the process were the highest values of coefficient of determination (R 2); the lowest values of chi-square (χ2), root mean square error (RMSE), and sum of squares error (SSE). Results showed that the two-term exponential model equation best described the drying behaviour of osmo-pretreated red bell pepper. The ranges of statistical indices of selected two-term exponential model equation are: R 2 (0.9389–0.9751), χ2 (0.0642–0.1503), RMSE (0.2032–0.1668), and SSE (0.6424–1.5027).

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of thin layer drying characteristics and proximate analysis of turkey berry (Solanum torvum)

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-75
Author(s):  
Sekar Sivakumar Dana ◽  
Sekar Subramani ◽  
Valarmathi Thirumalai Natesan ◽  
Mudhu Marimuthu ◽  
Godwin Arockiaraj
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Passive Mode ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Active Mode ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Thin Layer Drying

In the present work the drying characteristics and proximate analysis of turkey berry (Solanum torvum) were analyzed under open sun drying and greenhouse drying with two different glazing materials (UV Polyethylene sheet and Drip lock sheet) under passive and active modes. The drying rate under different modes of drying are 18.73g/h in drip lock greenhouse active mode,12.50 g/h in UV polyethylene sheet greenhouse active mode,15.22 g/hin drip lock sheet greenhouse passive mode, 11.84 g/h in UV polyethylene sheet greenhouse passive mode and 10.65 g/h in open sun drying. Twelve mathematical models were chosen to determine the drying characteristics of Turkey berry. From the statistical analysis it is found that Modified Henderson and Pabis model is the best drying model describing thin layer drying characteristics of turkey berry in both open sun drying and green house drying. The goodness of the fit achieved is based on the values of coefficient of determination(R2), sum square error(SSE), root mean square error(RMSE) and reduced chi square (?2).From the proximate analysis of dried turkey berry it is found that more amount of carbohydrate is retained in UV polyethylene greenhouse dryer under passive mode. In drip lock greenhouse dryer under passive mode the retention of vitamins such as protein, vitamin C and ash content showed a positive sign. In drip lock greenhouse dryer under active mode the retention of calcium, iron and dietary fibre is found to be high. Finally it is observed that more amounts of nutrients are retained in greenhouse drying than in open sun drying.

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