Study on crystallization kinetics of dry fractionation products of beef tallow

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoushan Liu ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Xinyi He ◽  
Hang Li ◽  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Crystallization Kinetic ◽  
Avrami Equation ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Dry Fractionation ◽  
Avrami Model ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract The dry fractionation beef tallow and their products were analyzed in the dynamic thermodynamic analysis, isothermal analysis and crystallization kinetics analysis in this experiment. Through the dynamic thermodynamic analysis by DSC, the possibility of fine fractionation of beef tallow at 25 °C and 42.9 °C crystallization temperature was obtained. The dynamic thermodynamic analysis of dry fractionation products was carried out, and the linear functions of peak temperature and melting/crystallization rate of beef tallow and its stearic acid mixture were constructed. The crystallization temperature and melting point were obtained by linear function. The isothermal crystallization kinetic model was used to calculate and fit the experimental data by the Avrami model. Beef tallow and its stearic mixture were fitted with the Avrami equation to obtain R 2 ≥ 0.98. This analysis provides an innovative idea and method for thermodynamics and crystallization kinetics of beef tallow.

scholarly journals Morphology and crystallization kinetics of Rubber-modified Nylon 6 Prepared by Anionic In-situ Polymerization

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-215
Author(s):  
Hongkai Zhao ◽  
Dengchao Zhang ◽  
Yingshuang Li
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Good Description ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Avrami Equation ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Chain Segment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractIn this work, we modified nylon 6 with liquid rubber by in-situ polymerization. The infrared analysis suggested that HDI urea diketone is successfully blocked by caprolactam after grafting on hydroxyl of HTPB, and the rubber-modified nylon copolymer is generated by the anionic polymerization. The impact section analysis indicated the rubber-modified nylon 6 resin exhibited an alpha crystal form.With an increase in the rubber content, nylon 6 was more likely to generate stable α crystal. Avrami equation was a good description of the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of nylon-6 and rubber-modified nylon-6 resin. Moreover, it is found that the initial crystallization temperature of nylon-6 chain segment decreased due to the flexible rubber chain segment. n value of rubber-modified nylon-6 indicated that its growth was the coexistence of two-dimensional discoid and three-dimensional spherulite growth. Finally, the addition of the rubber accelerated the crystallization rate of nylon 6.

Effect of Arenga Pinnata “Ijuk” Fiber as Nucleating Agent on Crystallization Kinetics of Impact Polypropylene Copolymer

2018 ◽  
Vol 923 ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mochamad Chalid ◽  
Evana Yuanita ◽  
Ghiska Ramahdita ◽  
Jaka Fajar Fatriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Avrami Equation ◽  
Nucleating Agents ◽  
Impact Polypropylene Copolymer ◽  
Kinetics Of

Impact Polypropylene Copolymer (IPC) is one of the PP type which is widely used. IPC was made with addition of ethylene in PP which decreases PP crystallinity. Many efforts have been made to improve the properties of PP crystallinity by addition of nucleating agents. In this study, we use Arenga Pinnata “Ijuk” fiber as PP nucleating agent. In order to determine the effect of “Ijuk” fiber as nucleating agents in kinetics aspect, we used DSC measurement based on Avrami equation. The results showed that the addition of ijuk decreases crystallizationhalf timeand dimension of crystal growth which indicate the effects of “Ijuk” fiber as a nucleating agent.

Engineering the microstructure of milk fat by blending binary and ternary mixtures of its fractions

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (47) ◽  
pp. 41189-41194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pere R. Ramel ◽  
Alejandro G. Marangoni
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Isothermal Crystallization ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Avrami Model ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Milk Fat Fractions ◽  
Kinetics Of

The microstructure and crystallization kinetics of binary and ternary mixtures of milk fat fractions during isothermal crystallization at 5, 15, and 20 °C were characterized using polarized light microscopy and the Avrami model.

Morphology, Crystalline Structure and Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Polybutylene Terephthalate/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Defeng Wu ◽  
Chixing Zhou ◽  
Xie Fan ◽  
Dalian Mao ◽  
Zhang Bian
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Isothermal Crystallization ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

The melt intercalation method was employed to prepare poly(butylene terepathalate)/montmorillonite nanocomposites, and their microstructure was characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The XRD results showed that the crystalline plane such as (010), (111), (100) was smaller than that of pristine PBT, which indicates that the crystallite size of PBT in the nanocomposites could be diminished by adding clay. Moreover, the isothermal crystallization kinetics of PBT and PBT/MMT nanocomposites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). During isothermal crystallization, the development of crystallinity with time was analysed by the Avrami equation. The results show that very small amounts of clay dramatically increased the rate of crystallization and high clay concentrations reduced the rate of crystallization at the low crystallization temperatures. At low concentrations of clay, the distance between dispersed platelets was large so it was relatively easy for the additional nucleation sites to incorporate surrounding polymer, and the crystal nucleus was formatted easily. However, at high concentrations of clay, the diffusion of polymer chains to the growing crystallites was hindered by large clay particles, despite the formation of additional nucleation sites by the clay layers. At the higher crystallization temperature, the crystallization of the nanocomposites was slower than that of the pure PBT under the experimental conditions, which means that with the increase in chains mobility at the high crystallization temperature, the crystal nuclei are harder to format, and the hindering effect of clay particles on the polymer chains was stronger than the nucleating effect of the layers. In addition, the activation energies of crystallization for PBT and its nanocomposites were calculated by the Arrhenius relationship, and the results showed that the nanocomposites with a low clay content had the lower activation energy values than PBT, while high amounts of clay increased the activation energy of PBT.

Optimization of melting conditions for the analysis of crystallization kinetics of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laura Di Lorenzo ◽  
Pawel Sajkiewicz ◽  
Arkadiusz Gradys ◽  
Paola La Pietra
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Final Degree ◽  
Melting Conditions

AbstractStudies of kinetics of polymer crystallization are generally performed by heating the material above the melting point, in order to erase previous thermal and mechanical history, followed by rapid cooling to the desired crystallization temperature or by cooling at a constant rate. For poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) this procedure implies some degradation of the polymer chain, which starts below the onset of melting. In this article the effects of melting conditions on the subsequent crystallization kinetics are discussed. It is shown that in order to sufficiently cancel memories of previous crystalline order of the analyzed PHB, it is necessary to bring the material at a temperature higher than 192 °C. Thermal treatments conducted at lower temperatures are not sufficient to destroy all solid aggregates, and crystallization of PHB has an anticipated onset of crystallization due to nucleation occurring via self-seeding. The chain degradation attained upon exposure at high temperatures has much lesser influence on crystallization kinetics than incomplete melting, with some effects detectable on the spherulitic morphology and on the final degree of crystallinity.

scholarly journals Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)–Graphene Nanoscroll Nanocomposites: Role of Tubular, Planar, and Scrolled Carbon Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Ajala ◽  
Caroline Werther ◽  
Rauf Mahmudzade ◽  
Peyman Nikaeen ◽  
Dilip Depan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Melting Behavior ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Avrami Model ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties ◽  
Kinetics Of

Graphene nanoscrolls (GNS) are 1D carbon-based nanoparticles. In this study, they were investigated as a heterogeneous nucleating agent in the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix. The isothermal and non-isothermal melting behavior and crystallization kinetics of PLA-GNS nanocomposites were investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Low GNS content not only accelerated the crystallization rate, but also the degree of crystallinity of PLA. The Avrami model was used to fit raw experimental data, and to evaluate the crystallization kinetics for both isothermal and non-isothermal runs through the nucleation and growth rate. Additionally, the effect of the dimensionality and structure of the nanoparticle on the crystallization behavior and kinetics of PLA is discussed. GNS, having a similar fundamental unit as CNT and GNP, were observed to possess superior mechanical properties when analyzed by the nanoindentation technique. The scrolled architecture of GNS facilitated a better interface and increased energy absorption with PLA compared to CNTs and GNPs, resulting in superior mechanical properties.

Crystallization kinetics of amorphous Ga–Sb–Te chalcogenide films: Part I. Nonisothermal studies by differential scanning calorimetry

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2929-2937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chain-Ming Lee ◽  
Yeong-Iuan Lin ◽  
Tsung-Shune Chin
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Rate Dependency ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Kinetics Of

Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of amorphous chalcogenide Ga–Sb–Te films with compositions along the pseudo-binary tie-lines connecting Sb7Te3−GaSb and Sb2Te3–GaSb of the ternary phase diagram were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry. Powder samples were prepared firstly by film deposition using a co-sputtering method; the films were then stripped from the substrate. The activation energy (Ea) and rate factor (Ko) were evaluated from the heating rate dependency of the crystallization temperature using the Kissinger method. The kinetic exponent (n) was deduced from the exothermic peak integrals using the Ozawa method. The crystallization temperature (Tx = 181 to 327 °C) and activation energy (Ea= 2.8 to 6.5 eV) increased monotonically with increasing GaSb content and reached a maximum value in compositions located at the vicinity of GaSb. The kinetic exponent is temperature dependent and shows higher values in the SbTe-rich compositions. Promising media compositions worthy of further studies were identified through the determined kinetics parameters.

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