SDN and NFV in the mobile core: Approaches and challenges

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jarschel ◽  
Arsany Basta ◽  
Wolfgang Kellerer ◽  
Marco Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Software Defined Networking ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Open Research ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Network Functions ◽  
Development Paths ◽  
Mobile Core Network

AbstractThe introduction of Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) has transformed the way networks will be built in the future. This development also applies to mobile networks and their evolution. How the SDN and NFV concepts will be integrated exactly is still an open research question with multiple approaches and techniques in discussion. This article provides an overview of the current discussion points with regard to development paths, building blocks, deployment scenarios, and the opportunities and challenges of the new concepts in the mobile core network context.

scholarly journals A Flat Mobile Core Network for Evolved Packet Core Based SAE Mobile Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (05) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al Shinwan ◽  
Trong-Dinh Huy ◽  
Kim Chul-Soo
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Mobile Core Network ◽  
Evolved Packet Core

Cost analysis of initial deployment strategies for virtualized mobile core network functions

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faqir Zarrar Yousaf ◽  
Paulo Loureiro ◽  
Frank Zdarsky ◽  
Tarik Taleb ◽  
Marco Liebsch
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Network Functions ◽  
Mobile Core Network

scholarly journals Photovoltaics Enabling Sustainable Energy Communities: Technological Drivers and Emerging Markets

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1862
Author(s):  
Alexandros-Georgios Chronis ◽  
Foivos Palaiogiannis ◽  
Iasonas Kouveliotis-Lysikatos ◽  
Panos Kotsampopoulos ◽  
Nikos Hatziargyriou
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Energy ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Energy Community

In this paper, we investigate the economic benefits of an energy community investing in small-scale photovoltaics (PVs) when local energy trading is operated amongst the community members. The motivation stems from the open research question on whether a community-operated local energy market can enhance the investment feasibility of behind-the-meter small-scale PVs installed by energy community members. Firstly, a review of the models, mechanisms and concepts required for framing the relevant concepts is conducted, while a clarification of nuances at important terms is attempted. Next, a tool for the investigation of the economic benefits of operating a local energy market in the context of an energy community is developed. We design the local energy market using state-of-the-art formulations, modified according to the requirements of the case study. The model is applied to an energy community that is currently under formation in a Greek municipality. From the various simulations that were conducted, a series of generalizable conclusions are extracted.

scholarly journals A Sensitivity Analysis of ELECTRE Based Stepwise Benchmarking for Policy: the Case of EU Digital Agenda

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Petrović ◽  
Nataša Bojković ◽  
Mladen Stamenković ◽  
Ivan Anić
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Final Choice ◽  
Development Path ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Development Paths

Research question: This paper introduces a new parameter for evaluating the sensitivity of development paths in ELECTRE (ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la Realité) based stepwise benchmarking model. Motivation: The aim of the research was to devise a 'path sensitivity coefficient' which measures the sensitivity of a development path depending on parameters set by decision-maker (DM). The need for such measure comes from the fact that the hierarchical pre-order of benchmarking units are affected by the DM's subjective decisions on the threshold for declaring outranking relations among them. This consequently may disrupt the sequence of intermediate benchmarks - transitional targets to be followed on the route to the ultimate policy goals. The proposed approach is an extension of a stepwise benchmarking procedure devised by Petrovic et al. (2014) which evaluates development paths based on their gradualism. Idea: In this paper, we propose to characterize development paths by considering both gradualism and sensitivity to outranking thresholds. The standpoint of our research is that in order to make a reliable final choice the DM should be aware that the most gradual path is not necessary the most stable one. Tools: The proposed 'path sensitivity coefficient' combines four level of uncertainty coming from two threshold values set by DM. The coefficient has a relative nature, it points to the “distance” from the theoretically ideal solution - a path fully indifferent to threshold values. An approach to merge coefficients associated with gradualism and stability is also introduced. Data: To illustrate the proposed approach we applied it in the field of digital transformation of EU countries. We exploited indicators and data from Digital Agenda Scoreboard regarding specific policy goals to be achieved until 2020. Findings: The findings imply that the decision on the most gradual development path should be reconsidered in regards to the influence of model parameters. The final choice depends whether DM’s prefers the smoothness of the path or the overall stability in terms of underlying partial preorder.  Contribution: This work contributes to the existing ELECTRE-based stepwise benchmarking by reducing the uncertainty coming from subjective parameterization and allows the DM to be more confident in the final path selection.

Teaching as Jesus Making: The Hidden Curriculum of Christ in Schooling

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Burke ◽  
Avner Segall
Keyword(s):  
Hidden Curriculum ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Curriculum Theory ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
School Classroom ◽  
Public School Classroom ◽  
Background Context ◽  
Objective Research

Background/Context The ideas of teaching as salvation and teacher-as-martyr are not new concepts. Prior research, however, has largely failed to explore the historical and cultural religious roots that continue to inform the ways in which teachers are constructed. That is, though prior work has engaged with thinking about religion and thinking about teachers as saviors, little work has been done to uncover the hidden curriculum of teaching that positions teachers as versions of Christ in the public school classroom. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study Here we highlight the fact that certain elements inherent in the act of public teaching have their roots in Christian, particularly Biblical, thinking. Such connections highlight the religiosity in teaching, regardless of whether a teacher is a Christian believer. Research Design The work is an analytic essay, drawing on critical traditions in cultural studies and curriculum theory. Findings/Results We illustrate that although we think of teaching as a secular activity and assume that religion has been expunged from public, including teacher, education, the sediments of religion remain present in how the teacher learns to imagine, construct, and enact his or her work as teacher as savior and martyr.

Optimizing the Traffic of Voice Core Domain in UMTS Network through RNC Re-Homing

2012 ◽  
pp. 227-240
Author(s):  
Ye Ouyang ◽  
Hosein Fallah
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Core Domain ◽  
Network Controller ◽  
Next Generation Mobile Networks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Umts Networks

The past few years have seen mobile operators transition to next-generation mobile networks, specifically from third-generation networks (3G) to long term evolution (LTE). This paper describes the basic architecture and topology of UMTS R4 core network and introduces two options in network planning, i.e., flat structure or layered structure. This paper introduces the re-homing of radio network controller (RNC) and base station controller (BSC) and studies the impact on the performance of voice core of UMTS networks. The proposed RNC re-homing models are created and analyzed for voice core of UMTS networks. The paper concludes that the appropriate RNC re-homing optimizes the traffic of voice core in UMTS network.

Exploring SDN & NFV in 5G Using ONOS & POX Controllers

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Bouras ◽  
Anastasia Kollia ◽  
Andreas Papazois
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Central Office ◽  
Software Defined Networking ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Network Function Virtualization ◽  
Network Function ◽  
Cloud Networking ◽  
Experimental Findings

This article describes how novel functionalities will take advantage of the cloud networking and will gradually replace the existing infrastructure of mobile networks with a virtualized one. Two technologies, namely software defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV), offer their important benefits and a combination of them is an answer to the demands raised, such as central office re-architected as a data center (CORD). Open network operating system (ONOS) and POX are SDN controllers and offer an option to combine SDN and NFV addressing many ongoing problems in the field of mobile networks. In this paper, technologies and both controllers are compared and contrasted. Indicative cases of topologies are simulated and help evaluating both controllers. According to the experimental findings, ONOS is one of the most important controllers for practical, theoretical, research and educational purposes, while POX is a useful and simpler controller for other educative applications.

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