scholarly journals Significant Others And Social Alcohol Use In Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galya D. Chamova ◽  
Georgi M. Sarov
Keyword(s):  
Significant Others ◽  
Social Control Theory ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Adolescent Drinking ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Socially Motivated ◽  
To Receive

Summary The association between adolescent drinking and drinking of significant others is well known but underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between social drinking in adolescents and drinking patterns of their significant others. We conducted a survey using a self-completed questionnaire on alcohol drinking habits. Of 903 students (aged 15-19), 279 (30.9%) were found to be abstainers (NDA) and 455 (50.39%) – social drinkers (SDA). These two groups were compared statistically about drinking patterns of their significant others. It was found that SDA were more likely to have fathers (OR=0.26; 95%CI=0.19-0.37), mothers (OR=0.26; 95%CI=0.19-0.37), friends (OR=0.26; 95%CI=0.19-0.37) and lovers (OR=0.26; 95%CI=0.19-0.37) that drank socially than NDA, but there were no significant differences in regular drinking of their fathers, friends and lovers. Only SDA mothers were more likely to drink regularly (OR=0.26; 95%CI=0.19-0.37). SDA were also more likely to receive alcohol offers from all their significant others, except from lovers. Social drinking in adolescence seems to be strongly socially motivated by drinking modeling and social pressure. The SDA mothers’ regular drinking is hard to explain in terms of social learning and social control theory and needs an alternative explanation.

scholarly journals The Presence Of Non-Drinking Parent Behavioral Model In A Family Prevents Adolescents From Social Alcohol

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galya D. Chamova ◽  
Georgi M. Sarov
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Parental Modeling ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Parental Alcohol

Summary Parental alcohol drinking is associated with an increased risk of alcohol consumption in adolescents and social drinking is often the first step to regular alcohol consumption. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between social drinking in adolescence and parental alcohol consumption. We conducted a survey, using a self-completed questionnaire about alcohol drinking habits. Of 903 students (aged 15-19), 279 (30.9%) were found to be abstainers (NDA) and 455 (50.39%) were social drinkers (SDA). These two groups were statistically compared for drinking patterns of their parents. It was found that SDA are fourfold less likely than NDA to have two alcohol abstaining parents (OR=0.26, 95%CI =0.19-0.37) and fourfold more likely to have two alcohol drinking parents (OR=3.89, 95%CI =2.77-5.45). There were no significant differences between SDA and NDA regarding probability to have one abstaining and one socially drinking parent, and SDA were less likely to have one abstaining and one regularly drinking parent (OR=0.54, 0.37-0.8). The social learning theory explains well adolescent drinking patterns when there is no contradiction in parental modeling. It seems, however, that the presence of contradicting patterns of parental alcohol drinking needs another explanation. Since contradicting parental modeling prevents adolescents from social drinking, it could be considered in health prevention intervention.

scholarly journals Redefining thirst: A conceptual four-compartment model characterising types of thirst, and their underlying mechanisms and interactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Spontaneous Drinking ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Alcohol Hangover ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Currently, the conceptualisation of thirst is based nearly entirely on osmoregulation, with some acknowledgement of anticipatory-thirst, though with no testable mechanism. Such a model of thirst is unable to explain many thirst-related phenomena, such as why drinking can occur with hypotonicity, or how quantity of intake at a drinking occasion is regulated. Herein, I aim to unify various lines of thinking from different disciplines surrounding thirst and body water regulation by presenting a four-compartment model comprising of both primary and secondary thirsts: true-thirst (osmo-regulated); contextual-thirst (e.g. mouth-breathing); pharmacological-thirst (induced from drugs); and impulsive-thirst (everyday spontaneous drinking). Within this framework, a differentiation of thirst and dry mouth is presented, with further differentiation between dry mouth (‘true-xerostomia’, hyposalivation) and the sensation of dry mouth (‘sensational-xerostomia’, a typically non-overwhelming desire to drink). Based off pharmacological-thirst mechanisms, the cholinergic system is proposed to initiate impulsive-thirst by triggering a (sensation of) dry mouth in everyday life (i.e. without hypertonicity). Following this, psychological food-appetite constructs that are centrally regulated (sensory-specific satiety, palatability, and pleasantness) are applied to thirst to explain quantities of fluid consumed, termination of drinking, and drinking patterns in everyday life, as well as offer further insights into how drinking habits are formed. The historical context is also provided, demonstrating that most of these are not new ideas in isolation, but combining them to create a unified model of thirst has not previously been attempted. Finally, ageing-, exercise-, alcohol-hangover-, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced thirst are explained by the model presented, given as examples of dysregulated hydration physiology causing thirst or drinking behaviours currently unexplainable by true osmoregulatory or anticipatory-thirst. Whilst some anomalies still remain, all these examples have some form of dysregulated cholinergic activity as a commonality. It is likely this model is incomplete and ideas for further exploration are presented with the hope that the conceptual model can be investigated, validated, refined, and developed further as appropriate. Overall, this thesis outlines a four-compartment model of thirst regulation (at least partially) explaining several outstanding questions relating to drinking behaviours.

scholarly journals The patterns of alcohol use among Warsaw adolescents across 20 years - from 1988 to 2008

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Okulicz-Kozaryn ◽  
Anna Borucka
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Moderate Drinking ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alcohol Drinking Patterns ◽  
Clear Differentiation

Okulicz-Kozaryn, K. & Borucka, A. (2013). Patterns of alcohol use among Warsaw adolescents across 20 years—from 1988 to 2008. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(2), 37-44. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.102 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.102)Aim: The study investigates patterns of alcohol drinking among 15-year-old Polish students in Warsaw over the past 20 years.Methods: Data were collected from six consecutive surveys, beginning in 1988 (N = 3918) and conducted every four years (in 2008, N = 1229).Results: Two-step cluster analysis across all six consecutive surveys indicated a clear differentiation of the social context of adolescent alcohol drinking patterns. Adolescents are least likely to drink alcohol alone (< 5%) or heavily with peers (< 10%), more likely to drink with parents (15%-20%), in moderate amounts with peers (11%-28%) or not at all (11%-27%), and most likely to be light social drinkers (30%-46%). Cross-gender comparisons suggest that traditional gender differences are fading away; the data show increases in moderate social drinking among females and abstinence among males.Conclusions: Our results confirm that adolescents’ patterns of alcohol use are stable over time, despite the social and political changes that have occurred in Poland since 1988, and reflect a pattern of mostly moderate drinking.

scholarly journals Risk Cluster Associated with Social Drinking in Adolescence

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Galya D. Chamova ◽  
Georgi M. Sarov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Risky Behavior ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
Soft Drugs

Summary Recent scientific evidence has shown that risk behaviors tend to form a risk cluster, but less attention is paid to clustering ability of light forms of risky behavior like social drinking. The objective of the study was to analyze the risk clustering potential of social drinking. We conducted a survey using a self-completed questionnaire. Of 903 students (aged 15-19), 279 (30.9%) were found to be abstainers (NDA), and 455 (50.39%) were social drinkers (SDA). These two groups were compared statistically, concerning smoking and drugs use among them and their significant others. SDAs were more likely to smoke (OR=3.29; 95% Cl 2.35-4.59) than NDAs but not more likely to use soft drugs. Their fathers (OR=1.4; 95% Cl 1.04-1.89), friends (OR=1.78; 95% Cl 1.31-2.42) and lovers (OR=2.01; 95% Cl 1.39-2.89) were also significantly more likely to smoke, but only friends were more likely to use soft drugs (OR=1.75; 95% Cl 1.19- 2.58). SDAs were also more likely to start smoking in order to be closer to their peers (OR=l .84; 95% Cl 1.01- 3.37) and to smoke when communicate with peers (OR=2.12; 95% Cl 1.40-3.21). Risk clustering in social drinking adolescents is limited to smoking and does not expand to drug use, irrespective of provocation by friends. Heavy smoking among SDAs’ significant others might contribute for SDA smoking. So SDAs seem to be resistant to the psycho-social mechanisms adding drug use to drinking but sensitive to psycho-social mechanisms adding smoking to drinking.

scholarly journals A community intervention to reduce alcohol consumption and drunkenness among adolescents in Sweden: a quasi-experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Svensson ◽  
Björn Johnson ◽  
Karl Kronkvist
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Probability Models ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Adolescent Drinking ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Linear Probability

Abstract Background Several studies have examined the effect of community interventions on youth alcohol consumption, and the results have often been mixed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a community intervention known as the Öckerö Method on adolescent alcohol consumption and perceived parental attitudes towards adolescent drinking. Method The study is based on a quasi-experimental design, using matched controls. Self-report studies were conducted among adolescents in grades 7–9 of compulsory education in four control and four intervention communities in the south of Sweden in 2016–2018. Baseline measures were collected in autumn 2016 before the intervention was implemented in the intervention communities. Outcomes were the adolescents’ alcohol consumption, past-year drunkenness, past-month drunkenness and perceived parental attitudes towards alcohol. Results Estimating Difference-in-Difference models using Linear Probability Models, we found no empirical evidence that the intervention has any effect on adolescents’ drinking habits, or on their perceptions of their parents’ attitudes towards adolescent drinking. Conclusion This is the first evaluation of this method, and we found no evidence that the intervention had any effect on the level of either young people’s alcohol consumption or their past-year or past-month drunkenness, nor on their parents’ perceived attitudes toward adolescent drinking. A further improvement would be to employ a follow-up period that is longer than the three-year period employed in this study. Trial registration ISRCTN registry: Study ID: 51635778, 31th March 2021 (Retrospectively registered).

scholarly journals Nordic, Italian, and German Drinking Habits: A Comparison between Surveys Made since the 1980s

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 14-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Hanhinen
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Central European ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Drinking Frequency

This article compares Nordic drinking habit surveys and their results — a comparison previously done in 1988. It includes all the main surveys regarding drinking habits of the adult population in the Nordic countries since 1988. In addition the analysis takes in Italy and Germany. Drinking habits are described and compared on four dimensions: the share of abstainers and drinkers, overall drinking frequency, the volume of alcohol consumption, and heavy drinking and drinking for intoxication. The study highlights the difficulties inherent in the international comparison of drinking habits. The results indicate that even though the changes in beverage preferences imply a homogenization of drinking patterns, the homogenization hypothesis proves to be wrong when comparing the results concerning the shares of abstainers, drinking frequencies or distribution of alcohol consumption between women and men. Denmark still differs from the rest of the Nordic countries in these respects, being closer to central European countries like Germany. In the other Nordic countries traditional drinking patterns seem to persist despite the changes in beverage preferences. Closest to Denmark and central European countries stands Finland, where drinking frequency has been rising and where more alcohol is consumed than in Sweden, Norway and Iceland. Looking at the previous comparison of Nordic drinking habits, it can be concluded that drinking habits are very open to changes.

The finnish drinking habits during the 1990s

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-166
Author(s):  
Leena Metso ◽  
Jussi Simpura
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Economic Depression ◽  
Drinking Frequency ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Administrative Structures

Three nationwide surveys from the years 1992, 1993, and 1996 were used to study whether basic features of Finnish drinking habits changed in the 1990s. Two factors that might have produced changes are the deep economic depression since 1991 and Finland's EU membership since 1995. The effects of the depression were visible in a decline in overall alcohol consumption after 1991, which recovered to the earlier level by 1996. The effects of EU membership involved, among many other things, certain administrative structures of the Finnish alcohol monopoly system. However, basic features of drinking patterns, like abstinence, drinking frequency, frequency of binge drinking, and the distribution of alcohol consumption, have remained untouched by those external changes. This can be taken as further evidence that drinking patterns typically change very slowly.

scholarly journals The Finnish Drinking Habits Survey: Implications for alcohol policy and prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-631
Author(s):  
Katariina Warpenius ◽  
Pia Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Alcohol Prevention ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Alcohol Related Harm ◽  
Related Harm

Aims/materials: This reflection piece reviews some of the key results and conclusions from the book Näin Suomi juo ( This is how Finns drink, 2018), based on the Finnish Drinking Habits Survey. Our aim was to go through the results taking the perspective of prevention workers and policymakers: how could they benefit from the scientific findings when tackling alcohol-related harm? Results/reflections: The reflections displayed in this article provide some useful arguments and justifications for population-level alcohol policy in the controversial alcohol policy debate. Harms do not only arise among the heaviest drinkers, and efficient methods to prevent harm may be found among the prevention efforts that apply to populations rather than only to the heaviest drinkers. The article also illustrates how the results from a population survey can be used in order to identify specific challenges and solutions for alcohol prevention in a given population. The results help in identifying the population groups and situations with an elevated risk of alcohol-related harm and in characterising the drinking patterns and social situations in which drinking takes place in these vulnerable parts of the population. Conclusions: The review illustrates that a many-sided understanding of alcohol consumption and the related harm, based on survey results, is more far-reaching in terms of prevention and policy than a knowledge base built solely on register data on the development of alcohol consumption and harm. For example, the respondents’ drinking patterns are linked not only to their attitudes and risk perceptions but also to what people consider to be appropriate means to reduce alcohol use and the related harm in terms of alcohol policy, informal social control and people’s life management.

Social Drinking Patterns of the Yankton Sioux

1965 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley Hurt ◽  
Richard Brown
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Social Drinking

scholarly journals Tissue Deiodinase Activity during Prolonged Critical Illness: Effects of Exogenous Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and Its Combination with Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide-2

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (12) ◽  
pp. 5604-5611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Debaveye ◽  
Björn Ellger ◽  
Liese Mebis ◽  
Erik Van Herck ◽  
Willy Coopmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Illness ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Tsh Secretion ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
To Receive

Prolonged critical illness is characterized by reduced pulsatile TSH secretion, causing reduced thyroid hormone release and profound changes in thyroid hormone metabolism, resulting in low circulating T3 and elevated rT3 levels. To further unravel the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the effects of exogenous TRH and GH-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2) in an in vivo model of prolonged critical illness. Burn-injured, parenterally fed rabbits were randomized to receive 4-d treatment with saline, 60 μg/kg·h GHRP-2, 60 μg/kg·h TRH, or 60 μg/kg·h TRH plus 60 μg/kg·h GHRP-2 started on d 4 of the illness (n = 8/group). The activities of the deiodinase 1 (D1), D2, and D3 in snap-frozen liver, kidney, and muscle as well as their impact on circulating thyroid hormone levels were studied. Compared with healthy controls, hepatic D1 activity in the saline-treated, ill animals was significantly down-regulated (P = 0.02), and D3 activity tended to be up-regulated (P = 0.06). Infusion of TRH and TRH plus GHRP-2 restored the catalytic activity of D1 (P = 0.02) and increased T3 levels back within physiological range (P = 0.008). D3 activity was normalized by all three interventions, but only addition of GHRP-2 to TRH prevented the rise in rT3 seen with TRH alone (P = 0.02). Liver D1 and D3 activity were correlated (respectively, positively and negatively) with the changes in circulating T3 (r = 0.84 and r = −0.65) and the T3/rT3 ratio (r = 0.71 and r = −0.60). We conclude that D1 activity during critical illness is suppressed and related to the alterations within the thyrotropic axis, whereas D3 activity tends to be increased and under the joint control of the somatotropic and thyrotropic axes.

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