scholarly journals Computed Tomography Biomarkers of Vulnerable Coronary Plaques

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-266
Author(s):  
Tiberiu Nyulas ◽  
Monica Chiţu ◽  
András Mester ◽  
Laura Jáni ◽  
Sebastian Condrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Vulnerable Plaque ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Plaque Composition ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Unstable Plaque ◽  
Fast Progression

Abstract An unstable plaque has a high risk of thrombosis and at the same time for a fast progression of the stenosis degree. Also, “high-risk plaque” and “thrombosis-prone plaque” are used as synonym terms for characterization of a vulnerable plaque. The imaging biomarkers for vulnerable coronary plaques are considered to be spotty calcifications, active remodeling, low-density atheroma and the presence of a ring-like attenuation pattern, also known as the napkin-ring sign. Computed cardiac tomography can determine the plaque composition by assessing the plaque density, which is measured in Hounsfield units (HU). The aim of this manuscript was to provide an update about the most frequently used biomarkers of vulnerability in a vulnerable plaque with the help of computed cardiac tomography.

scholarly journals Increased Circulating Malondialdehyde-Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein Level Is Associated with High-Risk Plaque in Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Patients Receiving Statin Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1480
Author(s):  
Keishi Ichikawa ◽  
Toru Miyoshi ◽  
Kazuhiro Osawa ◽  
Takashi Miki ◽  
Hiroshi Ito
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Coronary Cta ◽  
Coronary Computed Tomography

Objective: To evaluate the association of serum malondialdehyde low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL), an oxidatively modified LDL, with the prevalence of high-risk plaques (HRP) determined with coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in statin-treated patients. Methods: This study was a single-center retrospective cohort comprising 268 patients (mean age 67 years, 58% men) with statin therapy and who underwent coronary CTA for suspected stable coronary artery disease. Patients were classified into two groups according to median MDA-LDL level or median LDL-C level. Coronary CTA-verified HRP was defined when two or more characteristics, including positive remodeling, low-density plaques, and spotty calcification, were present. Results: Patients with HRP had higher MDA-LDL (p = 0.011), but not LDL-C (p = 0.867) than those without HRP. High MDA-LDL was independently associated with HRP (odds ratio 1.883, 95% confidential interval 1.082–3.279) after adjustment for traditional risk factors. Regarding incremental value of MDA-LDL for predicting CTA-verified HRP, addition of serum MDA-LDL levels to the baseline model significantly increased global chi-square score from 26.1 to 32.8 (p = 0.010). Conclusions: A high serum MDA-LDL level is an independent predictor of CTA-verified HRP, which can lead to cardiovascular events in statin-treated patients.

scholarly journals Computed tomography in the diagnosis of steroidal hepatopathy in a dog: case report

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C Oliveira ◽  
L.A.V.S Costa ◽  
B.F Lopes ◽  
A.B Lanis ◽  
D.C Borlini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Helical Computed Tomography ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Yorkshire Terrier

It is reported a case of an eight-year-old Yorkshire Terrier dog, with a history of prolonged use of prednisone in a dosage of 1mg/kg of body weight each 24 hours during two years. The helical computed tomography revealed hepatomegaly associated to a hyperattenuation of the parenchyma, with a radiodensity value of 82.55 Hounsfield units (HU). The spleen presented a mean radiodensity of 57.17HU, and a radiodensity difference of 25.38HU was observed between the two organs. Based on the history and findings of imaging technique, it was determined the presumptive diagnosis of steroidal hepatopathy compatible with accumulation of hepatic glycogen. It was concluded that computed tomography enabled the characterization of hepatic injury and the presumed diagnosis of steroidal hepatopathy

scholarly journals Characterization of Low Density Carbon Foams by X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) and Ion Microtomography (IMT)

1990 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Moddeman ◽  
D. P. Kramer ◽  
D. W. Firsich ◽  
P. D. Trainer ◽  
R. N. Yancy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Foam Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Processing Step ◽  
Carbon Foams ◽  
Small Density ◽  
X Ray Computed

ABSTRACTTwo NDT techniques were used to characterize low-density, microcellular, carbon foams fabricated from a salt replica process. The two techniques are x-ray computed tomography (CT) and ion microtomography (IMT); data are presented on carbon foams that contain high-density regions. The data show that densities which differ by <10% are easily observable for these low density (<100 mg/cm3) materials. The data reveal that the carbon foams produced by this replica process have small density variations; the density being ∼30% greater at the outer edges than when compared to the interior of the foam. In addition, the density gradient is found to be rather sharp, that is the density drops-off rapidly from the outer edges to a uniform one in the interior of the foam. This edge build-up in carbon density was explained in terms of polymer concentrating on the foam exterior during drying which immediately followed a polymer infusion processing step. Supporting analytical data from other techniques show the foam material to be >99.9 % carbon

scholarly journals 48944 Characterization of low density carbon foams by X-ray computed tomography (CT) and ion microtomography (IMT)

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
W.E. Moddeman ◽  
D.P. Kramer ◽  
D.W. Firsich ◽  
P.D. Trainer ◽  
C.M. Yancy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Low Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon Foams ◽  
X Ray Computed

Characterization of machined polystyrene foam

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
C. W. Price ◽  
E. F. Lindsey ◽  
R. M. Franks ◽  
M. A. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Surface Finish ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Efficient Technique ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Planar Surfaces ◽  
Machining Characteristics

Diamond-point turning is an efficient technique for machining low-density polystyrene foam, and the surface finish can be substantially improved by grinding. However, both diamond-point turning and grinding tend to tear and fracture cell walls and leave asperities formed by agglomerations of fragmented cell walls. Vibratoming is proving to be an excellent technique to form planar surfaces in polystyrene, and the machining characteristics of vibratoming and diamond-point turning are compared.Our work has demonstrated that proper evaluation of surface structures in low density polystyrene foam requires stereoscopic examinations; tilts of + and − 3 1/2 degrees were used for the stereo pairs. Coating does not seriously distort low-density polystyrene foam. Therefore, the specimens were gold-palladium coated and examined in a Hitachi S-800 FESEM at 5 kV.

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