scholarly journals Video Steganography Using Knight Tour Algorithm and LSB Method for Encrypted Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1216-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyad Safaa Younus ◽  
Ghada Thanoon Younus
Keyword(s):  
Superior Performance ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Video File ◽  
Encrypted Data ◽  
Video Steganography ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Encryption Method ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This paper aims to propose a method for data hiding in video by utilizing the least significant bit (LSB) method and improving it by utilizing the knight tour algorithm for concealing the data inside the AVI video file and using a key function encryption method for encrypting the secret message. First, the secret message is encrypted by utilizing a mathematical equation. The key used in the equation is a set of random numbers. These numbers differ in each implementation to warrant the safety of the hidden message and to increase the security of the secret message. Then, the cover video was converted from a set of frames into separated images to take the advantage of the large size of video file. Afterward, the knight tour algorithm is utilized for random selecting of the pixels inside the frame utilized for embedding the secret message inside it to overcome the shortcoming of the conventional LSB method that utilized the serial selection of pixel and to increase the robustness and security of the proposed method. Afterward, the encrypted secret message is embedded inside the selected pixels by utilizing the LSB method in bits (7 and 8). The observational results have drawn that the proposed method has a superior performance compared to the previous steganography method in terms of quality by a high PSNR of 67.3638 dB and the lowest MSE of 0.2578. Furthermore, this method preserves the security where the secret message cannot be drawn out without knowing the decoding rules.

scholarly journals A Graphical Based Video Steganography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Payal Bose ◽  
Vishal Goyel
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Video File ◽  
Video Steganography ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Verification Process ◽  
Media Data

In today’s digital media data communication over the internet increasing day by day. Therefore the data security becomes the most important issue over the internet. With the increase of data transmission, the number of intruders also increases. That’s the reason it is needed to transmit the data over the internet very securely. Steganography is a popular method in this field. This method hides the secret data with a cover medium in a way so that the intruders cannot predict the existence of the data. Here a steganography method is proposed which uses a video file as a cover medium. This method has five main steps. First, convert the video file into video frames. Then a particular frame is selected for embedded the secret data. Second, the Least Significant Bit (LSB) Coding technique is used with the double key security technique. Third, an 8 characters password verification process. Fourth, reverse the encrypted video. Fifth, signature verification process to verify the encryption and decryption process. These five steps are followed by both the encrypting and decrypting processes.

scholarly journals Video Steganography using IWT, DWT, LBP Methods and its Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S3) ◽  
pp. 2022-2026
Keyword(s):  
Secret Message ◽  
Audio Signals ◽  
Video File ◽  
Video Steganography ◽  
Video Signals ◽  
Payload Capacity ◽  
Approximation Coefficients ◽  
High Level ◽  
Integer Wavelet ◽  
Text Images

Steganography is a method used for inserting the secret information into an another medium such as text, images, audio signals or video signals, without revealing its existence in the medium. In video steganography, a video file will be used as a cover medium and secret message embedded inside the cover medium. Video are picture perfect for embedding the secret message because of its large embedding capacity. We propose three secure steganography algorithms that embed a bit stream of the secret message into the approximation coefficients of the integer wavelet transform(IWT), DWT and using LBP method to form stego video. The geometric alteration between the cover video and the stego video is measured by using the Mean Square Error (MSE) and the PSNR. The new results show that, the proposed algorithms can hide the secret message with a great payload capacity with a high level of security and a greater invisibility.

Design of Reconfigurable Architectures for Steganography System

2017 ◽  
pp. 145-168
Author(s):  
Sathish Shet ◽  
A. R. Aswath ◽  
M. C. Hanumantharaju ◽  
Xiao-Zhi Gao
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Reconfigurable Architectures ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Video Steganography ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Description Languages

The most crucial task in real-time processing of image or video steganography algorithms is to reduce the computational delay and increase the throughput of a steganography embedding and extraction system. This problem is effectively addressed by implementing steganography hiding and extraction methods in reconfigurable hardware. This chapter presents a new high-speed reconfigurable architectures that have been designed for Least Significant Bit (LSB) and multi-bit based image steganography algorithm that suits Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) implementation. Typical architectures of LSB steganography comprises secret message length finder, message hider, extractor, etc. The architectures may be realized either by using traditional hardware description languages (HDL) such as VHDL or Verilog. The designed architectures are synthesizable in FPGAs since the modules are RTL compliant. Before the FPGA/ASIC implementation, it is convenient to validate the steganography system in software to verify the concepts intended to implement.

Video Steganography Algorithm for Embedding Data into Raw Video Streams Using Discrete Cosine Transform

2014 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Rajesh ◽  
A. Shajin Nargunam
Keyword(s):  
Secret Message ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Temporal Perception ◽  
Video Streams ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Video Steganography ◽  
The Past ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents an algorithm for hiding information’s in raw video steams using art of steganography using discrete wavelet transform. While mostly applied to still images in the past, it has become very popular for video streams recently. When steganographic methods are applied to digital video streams, the selection of target pixels, which are used to store the secret data, is especially crucial for an effective and successful-embedding process; if pixels are not selected carefully, undesired spatial and temporal perception problems occur in the stegno-video. Typically, an irrecoverable steganography algorithm is the algorithm that makes it hard for malicious third parties to discover how it works and how to recover the secret data out of the carrier file. In this paper, a new embedding algorithm is proposed to hide the secret data in moving videos. The 2D-DCT of the video is taken and the secret message is embedded. The performance measures are evaluated for the quality of the video after the data hiding and show good results.

scholarly journals Optical Encryption Based on Computer Generated Holograms in Photopolymer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1358
Author(s):  
Taihui Wu ◽  
Jianshe Ma ◽  
Chengchen Wang ◽  
Haibei Wang ◽  
Liangcai Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Angular Spectrum ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Response Code ◽  
Optical Encryption ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Quick Response Code ◽  
Computer Generated Holograms ◽  
Encryption Method

An optical encryption method based on computer generated holograms printing of photopolymer is presented. Fraunhofer diffraction is performed based on the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm, and a hologram of the Advanced Encryption Standard encrypted Quick Response code is generated to record the ciphertext. The holograms of the key and the three-dimensional image are generated by the angular spectrum diffraction algorithm. The experimental results show that large-size encrypted Quick Response (QR) code and miniature keys can be printed in photopolymers, which has good application prospects in optical encryption. This method has the advantages of high-density storage, high speed, large fault tolerance, and anti-peeping.

Image and audio steganography based on indirect LSB

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab N. Sultani ◽  
◽  
Ban N. Dhannoon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Hiding ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Text File ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Audio Steganography

Hiding the presence of data during communication has become a pressing concern in this overly digitalized world as a consequence of illegitimate access. These concerns have led to cryptography and steganography techniques as methods for securing data. This paper presents a modified information hiding technique based on an indirect least significant bit. Instead of saving each bit of the secret message in the least significant bit (LSB) of the cover media, each bit of the secret message is compared to a mask bit in the cover media. The result is saved in the cover media’s LSB. In this paper, two steganography schemas are designed in which the cover media are image and audio, while the secret message is a text file. A simple encryption technique is used to transform the secret message into an unreadable format before the hiding process begins. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm achieves promising performance

scholarly journals Text File Privacy on the Cloud Based on Diagonal Fragmentation and Encryption

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawfiq Barhoom ◽  
Mahmoud Abu Shawish
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Text File ◽  
Layer Model ◽  
Encrypted Data ◽  
Cloud Server ◽  
Cloud Environments ◽  
Encryption Algorithms ◽  
Well Data ◽  
Encryption Method

Despite the growing reliance on cloud services and software, privacy is somewhat difficult. We store our data on remote servers in cloud environments that are untrusted. If we do not handle the stored data well, data privacy can be violated with no awareness on our part. Although it requires expensive computation, encrypting the data before sending it appears to be a solution to this problem. So far, all known solutions to protect textual files using encryption algorithms fell short of privacy expectations. Thus is because encrypting cannot stand by itself. The encrypted data on the cloud server becomes full file in the hand causing the privacy of this data to be intrusion-prone, thus allowing intruders to access the file data once they can decrypt it. This study aimed to develop an effective cloud confidentiality model based on combining fragmentation and encryption of text files to compensate for reported deficiency in encryption methods. The fragmentation method used the strategy of dividing text files into two triangles through the axis. Whereas the encryption method used the Blowfish algorithm. The research concluded that high confidentiality is achieved by building a multi-layer model: encryption, chunk, and fragmentation of every chunk to prevent intruders from reaching the data even if they were able to decrypt the file. Using the privacy accuracy equation (developed for the purpose in this research), the model achieved accuracy levels of 96% and 90% when using 100 and 200 words in each chunk on small, medium, and large files respectively.

scholarly journals Image based Steganography in Cryptography implementing different Encryption-Decryption Algorithm

2020 ◽  
pp. 745-748
Author(s):  
Pinky Saikia Dutta ◽  
Sauvik Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Transport Layer ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Video File ◽  
Audio File ◽  
Image File ◽  
Encryption Decryption ◽  
Digital Steganography

Steganography is data hidden within data. Steganography is an encryption technique that can be used along with cryptography as an extra-secure method in which to protect data. Steganography techniques can be applied to images, a video file or an audio file. Steganography is the practice of concealing a file, message, image, or video within another file, message, image, or video. The first recorded use of the term was in 1499 by Johannes Trithemius in his Steganographia, a treatise on cryptography and steganography, disguised as a book on magic. The advantage of steganography over cryptography alone is that the intended secret message does not attract attention to itself as an object of scrutiny. Plainly visible encrypted messages, no matter how unbreakable they are, arouse interest and may in themselves be incriminating in countries in which encryption is illegal. Whereas cryptography is the practice of protecting the contents of a message alone, steganography is concerned both with concealing the fact that a secret message is being sent and its contents. Steganography includes the concealment of information within computer files. In digital steganography, electronic communications may include steganographic coding inside of a transport layer, such as a document file, image file, program or protocol.

scholarly journals A Space Vector PWM Scheme for Three level Inverters Based on Two-Level Space Vector PWM

2011 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
D. Sandhya Rani ◽  
A. Appaprao
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Multilevel Inverter ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Space Vector Pwm ◽  
Space Vector ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Multilevel Inverters ◽  
N Level ◽  
Simple Mapping ◽  
Selection Of

Multilevel inverters are increasingly being used in high-power medium voltage applications due to their superior performance compared to two-level inverters. Among various modulation techniques for a multilevel inverter, the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is widely used. The complexity is due to the difficulty in determining the location of the reference vector, the calculation of ontimes, and the determination and selection of switching states. This paper proposes a general SVPWM algorithm for multilevel inverters based on standard two-level SVPWM. Since the proposed multilevel SVPWM method uses two-level modulation to calculate the on-times, the computation of on-times for an n-level inverter becomes easier. The proposed method uses a simple mapping to achieve the SVPWM for a multilevel inverter. A general n-level implementation is explained, and experimental results are given for two-level and three-level inverters.

scholarly journals Video steganography based on DCT psychovisual and object motion

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fuad ◽  
Ferda Ernawan
Keyword(s):  
Video Quality ◽  
Object Motion ◽  
Multimedia Data ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Hiding Capacity ◽  
Video Steganography ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Dct Coefficients ◽  
Video Reconstruction

Steganography is a technique of concealing the message in multimedia data. Multimedia data, such as videos are often compressed to reduce the storage for limited bandwidth. The video provides additional hidden-space in the object motion of image sequences. This research proposes a video steganography scheme based on object motion and DCT-psychovisual for concealing the message. The proposed hiding technique embeds a secret message along the object motion of the video frames. Motion analysis is used to determine the embedding regions. The proposed scheme selects six DCT coefficients in the middle frequency using DCT-psychovisual effects of hiding messages. A message is embedded by modifying middle DCT coefficients using the proposed algorithm. The middle frequencies have a large hiding capacity and it relatively does not give significant effect to the video reconstruction. The performance of the proposed video steganography is evaluated in terms of video quality and robustness against MPEG compression. The experimental results produce minimum distortion of the video quality. Our scheme produces a robust of hiding messages against MPEG-4 compression with average NC value of 0.94. The proposed video steganography achieves less perceptual distortion to human eyes and it's resistant against reducing video storage.

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