scholarly journals Profound decline of antibody titers 6 months after BNT162b2 vaccination in healthy volunteers

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikei Kozakai ◽  
Kuniko Hoshi ◽  
Yoshihiko Izumi ◽  
Shinichiro Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Antibody Titers

Evaluation of Humoral Immune Responses to Vaccination with Tetanus Toxoid and KLH in Rituximab-Treated Follicular Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Patients Compared to Healthy Volunteers

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3066-3066
Author(s):  
M. Wayne Saville ◽  
Nancy Valente ◽  
Rachelle Perea ◽  
Kye Gilder ◽  
Judith Berlfein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Non Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract Introduction: Since rituximab is known to rapidly deplete B lymphocytes in the blood for 6–12 months after administration, there has been interest in determining whether this results in a clinically significant impact on humoral responses to common vaccines. Therefore, we designed a trial in patients with lymphoma to study vaccination response to recall and novel antigens and to document any changes in antibody titers to specific common antigens following rituximab treatment. Vaccination of healthy control subjects served as a control for vaccine effectiveness. Design: The trial evaluated responses to neoantigen (keyhole limpet hemocyanin, KLH) as well as a recall antigen (tetanus) in 2 groups: rituximab-treated subjects with relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and an age-matched control group of untreated healthy volunteers. Rituximab was dosed at 375 mg/m2 weekly × 4 in the NHL group, and immunization occurred 36 weeks later (or immediately in the control subjects) with tetanus (0.5 mg single dose) and KLH (1 mg weekly × 2). Titers were evaluated 28 days after the start of vaccination in all subjects. In addition, titers to a selected panel of bacterial and viral antigens were measured in the NHL subjects from pre-treatment through 40 weeks follow-up. Endpoints: Primary-- the proportion of subjects in each group with either a doubling of titers to tetanus toxoid from baseline, or if the baseline was <0.1 IU/ml, a titer of ≥0.2. Secondary-- descriptive analyses of KLH titer changes; maintenance of pre-existing titers to S. pneumoniae, influenza A, mumps, rubella, and varicella during the trial; human anti-chimeric antibody development (HACA); and adverse event rates. Results: 173 NHL and 103 control subjects were enrolled at 37 study sites; 110 and 84 subjects, respectively, satisfied the per-protocol criteria (received all rituxmab and vaccinations, had all follow-up antibody titers drawn, and did not require subsequent lymphoma therapy during the study). NHL subjects had a median of 2 prior treatments (range 1–9). Eighteen of 110 (16%) NHL subjects and 68 of 84 (81%) control subjects were classified as responders to tetanus. There was a −0.65 difference in proportions between the groups with a 95% CI of −0.77 to −0.53; therefore, it was concluded that these groups do not respond similarly to tetanus. For KLH, 4 of 108 (4%) subjects in the NHL group had a doubling of antibody titer compared to 58 of 84 (69%) control subjects. In both groups, the mean antibody titers to S. pneumoniae, influenza A, mumps, rubella, and varicella over the course of the study remained stable. No unexpected toxicities were seen during the trial, including no adverse events related to vaccination. HACA testing was positive for 1 of 170 (1%) subjects at screening and 4 of 130 (3%) at end of study. Conclusions: Compared to a control population of healthy volunteers, patients with relapsed/refractory low-grade NHL treated with rituximab had a blunted response to vaccination but no change in titers to ubiquitous environmental antigens. However, the study was not designed to determine whether the poor responses to antigen were due to the presence of NHL, immunosuppression from prior therapies, administration of rituximab, or some other factor.

scholarly journals Interpretations of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibody titers in the seroepidemiological study of asymptomatic healthy volunteers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihisa Mitani ◽  
Takeshi Horie ◽  
Rin Yokoyama ◽  
Yuki Nakano ◽  
Kensuke Hamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers

scholarly journals Safety and Immunogenicity of the COVID-19 Vaccine BNT162b2 in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Solid Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Funakoshi ◽  
Kimikazu Yakushijin ◽  
Goh Ohji ◽  
Wataru Hojo ◽  
Hironori Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Serious Adverse Event ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy ◽  
Antibody Levels

Background: Although COVID-19 severity in cancer patients is high, the safety and immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients undergoing chemotherapy for solid cancers in Japan have not been reported. Methods: We investigated the safety and immunogenicity of BNT162b2 in 41 patients undergoing chemotherapy for solid cancers and in healthy volunteers who received 2 doses of BNT162b2. We evaluated serum IgG antibody titers for S1 protein by ELISA at pre-vaccination, prior to the second dose and 14 days after the second vaccination in 24 cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy (CC group), 17 cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI group) and 12 age-matched healthy volunteers (HV group). Additionally, inflammatory cytokine levels were compared between the HV and ICI groups at pre and the next day of each vaccination. Results: Anti-S1 antibody levels were significantly lower in the ICI and CC groups than in the HV group after the second dose (median optimal density: 0.241 [0.063-1.205] and 0.161 [0.07-0.857] vs 0.644 [0.259-1.498], p = 0.0024 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Adverse effect profile did not differ among the three groups, and no serious adverse event occurred. There were no differences in vaccine-induced inflammatory cytokines between the HV and ICI groups. Conclusion: Although there were no significant differences in adverse events in three groups, antibody titers were significantly lower in the ICI and CC groups than in the HV group. Further protection strategies should be considered in cancer patients undergoing CC or ICI.

scholarly journals Predictors and Dynamics of the Humoral and Cellular Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Observational Study

2021 ◽  
pp. ASN.2021070908
Author(s):  
Jens Van Praet ◽  
Marijke Reynders ◽  
Dirk De Bacquer ◽  
Liesbeth Viaene ◽  
Melanie Schoutteten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Cellular Immune

Background Preliminary evidence suggests that hemodialysis patients have a blunted early serological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Optimizing vaccination strategy in this population requires a thorough understanding of predictors and dynamics of humoral and cellular immune responses to different SARS-CoV2 vaccines. Methods This prospective multicenter study of 543 hemodialysis patients and 75 healthy volunteers evaluated the immune responses at 4 or 5 weeks and 8 or 9 weeks after administration of the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine, respectively. We assessed anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies and T cell responses by IFN-γ of peripheral blood lymphocytes upon SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein stimulation (QuantiFERON assay) and evaluated potential predictors of the responses. Results Compared with healthy volunteers, hemodialysis patients had an incomplete, delayed humoral immune response and a blunted cellular immune response. Geometric mean antibody titers at both time points were significantly greater in patients vaccinated with mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2, and a larger proportion of them achieved the threshold of 4160 AU/ml, corresponding with high neutralizing antibody titers in vitro (53.6% versus 31.8% at 8 or 9 weeks, P<0.0001). Patients vaccinated with mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 exhibited significantly greater median QuantiFERON responses at both time points, and a larger proportion achieved the threshold of 0.15 IU/ml (64.4% versus 46.9% at 8 or 9 weeks, P<0.0001). Multivariate analysis identified COVID-19 experience, vaccine type, use of immunosuppressive drugs, serum albumin, lymphocyte count, hepatitis B vaccine nonresponder status, and dialysis vintage as independent predictors of the humoral and cellular responses. Conclusions The mRNA-1273 vaccine's greater immunogenicity may be related to its higher mRNA dose. This suggests that a high-dose vaccine might improve the impaired immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in hemodialysis patients.

Use of Protein a Conjugated to Peroxidase to Localize Immunoglobulin G in SSPE Ferret Brain

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
Hannah R. Brown ◽  
Anthony F. Nostro ◽  
Halldor Thormar
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Sspe Virus ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Brain

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a slowly progressing disease of the CNS in children which is caused by measles virus. Ferrets immunized with measles virus prior to inoculation with the cell associated, syncytiogenic D.R. strain of SSPE virus exhibit characteristics very similar to the human disease. Measles virus nucleocapsids are present, high measles antibody titers are found in the sera and inflammatory lesions are prominent in the brains. Measles virus specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) is present in the brain,and IgG/ albumin ratios indicate that the antibodies are synthesized within the CNS.

Presence of antibody in virus-infected brain cells of SSPE ferrets

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 804-805
Author(s):  
Hannah R. Brown ◽  
Tammy L. Donato ◽  
Halldor Thormar
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Measles virus specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been found in the brains of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a slowly progressing disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in children. IgG/albumin ratios indicate that the antibodies are synthesized within the CNS. Using the ferret as an animal model to study the disease, we have been attempting to localize the Ig's in the brains of animals inoculated with a cell associated strain of SSPE. In an earlier report, preliminary results using Protein A conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (PrAPx) (Dynatech Diagnostics Inc., South Windham, ME.) to detect antibodies revealed the presence of immunoglobulin mainly in antibody-producing plasma cells in inflammatory lesions and not in infected brain cells.In the present experiment we studied the brain of an SSPE ferret with neutralizing antibody titers of 1:1024 in serum and 1:512 in CSF at time of sacrifice 7 months after i.c. inoculation with SSPE measles virus-infected cells. The animal was perfused with saline and portions of the brain and spinal cord were immersed in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (P-L-P) fixative. The ferret was not perfused with fixative because parts of the brain were used for virus isolation.

Quinine-induced purpura. Observation on antibody titers

1967 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Helmly
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titers

Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of S-salbutamol after administration of the racemate in healthy volunteers

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Schmekel ◽  
I Rydberg ◽  
B Norlander ◽  
K.n Sjöswärd ◽  
J Ahlner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Stereoselective Pharmacokinetics
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