scholarly journals Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive system

Open Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-373
Author(s):  
Luigi Sivero ◽  
Donato Alessandro Telesca ◽  
Simona Ruggiero ◽  
Teresa Russo ◽  
Maurizio Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Surgical Endoscopy ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Digestive Endoscopy ◽  
Endoscopic Techniques

AbstractThe authors evaluated the role of endoscopic techniques in the diagnosis and in the potential treatment of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) localized in the gastro-entero-pancreatic system, on the basis of their experience and of the international literature. NET are rare tumors that arise from neuroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. It is a possibility that both the digestive endoscopy and EUS play an important role in the diagnosis, staging and surveillance of this disease. In some cases, especially in the early stages, surgical endoscopy allows the treatment of such tumors.

scholarly journals Canadian Association of Gastroenterology Practice Guideline for Granting of Privileges to Perform Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Miller MacSween
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Practice Guideline ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy ◽  
Therapeutic Endoscopy ◽  
Endoscopic Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Canadian Association

The purpose of this statement is to provide guidelines to assist hospital credentialling committees in their task of granting privileges to perform gastrointestinal endoscopy. Endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract has evolved over the past 30 years as a potent tool to assist in the evaluation, diagnosis and therapy of patients with gastrointestinal tract disorders. Although gastrointestinal endoscopy was initially developed as a purely diagnostic tool, the development of therapeutic endoscopic techniques has dramatically expanded the role of gastrointestinal endoscopy, frequently to a therapeutic one. In setting guidelines for training and credentialling one must recognize that, excluding flexible sigmoidoscopy, endoscopists should be well trained in therapeutic endoscopy.

scholarly journals Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Update on Their Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Vishal Sharma ◽  
Surinder Singh Rana ◽  
Deepak Kumar Bhasin
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Endoscopic Ultrasound ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Somatostatin Analogs ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Molecular Therapy ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

ABSTRACT The gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors and include all tumors arising from the gastrointestinal (GI) or pancreatic neuroendocrine cells. They can occur anywhere in the GI tract with the small intestine, pancreas and rectum being the common GI sites. Because of nonspecific symptoms they are difficult to diagnose and diagnosis is often delayed by years. Advancement in cross-sectional imaging techniques and advent of radionuclide-labeled somatostatin analogs have improved our accuracy of diagnosis and staging GEP NETs. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with its unique combination of endoscopy and ultrasound provides high resolution images of GI tract wall as well as the surrounding solid parenchymal organs and therefore is an important investigation for the diagnosis and staging of GEP NETs. Surgery is the treatment of choice with good long-term results in patients with localized GEP-NETs. Control of symptoms in functional NETs is warranted to improve the quality of life of the patient. Somatostatin and its analogs like octreotide and lanreotide have been used to control symptoms because of functional NETs. The management of metastatic GEP NETs includes control of symptoms and therapy to decrease/stop tumor growth that includes somatostatin and its analogs and chemotherapy. Newer therapeutic modalities like peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and molecular therapy hold considerable promise. How to cite this article Rana SS, Sharma V, Bhasin DK. Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Update on Their Treatment. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(1):54-60.

scholarly journals Viruses in Cancers of the Digestive System: Active Contributors or Idle Bystanders?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8133
Author(s):  
Martin Marônek ◽  
René Link ◽  
Giovanni Monteleone ◽  
Roman Gardlík ◽  
Carmine Stolfi
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Viral Particles

The human virome, which is a collection of all the viruses that are present in the human body, is increasingly being recognized as an essential part of the human microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract and related organs (e.g., liver, pancreas, and gallbladder)—composing the gastrointestinal (or digestive) system—contain a huge number of viral particles which contribute to maintaining tissue homeostasis and keeping our body healthy. However, perturbations of the virome steady-state may, both directly and indirectly, ignite/sustain oncogenic mechanisms contributing to the initiation of a dysplastic process and/or cancer progression. In this review, we summarize and discuss the available evidence on the association and role of viruses in the development of cancers of the digestive system.

scholarly journals Kynurenic Acid in the Digestive System–-New Facts, New Challenges

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. IJTR.S12536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal P. Turski ◽  
Monika Turska ◽  
Piotr Paluszkiewicz ◽  
Jolanta Parada-Turska ◽  
Gregory F. Oxenkrug
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolite ◽  
G Protein Coupled

This review provides information on the most recent findings concerning presence, origin, and role of kynurenic acid (KYNA), a tryptophan metabolite, in the digestive system. KYNA is an antagonist of both the ionotropic glutamate receptors and the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, as well as an agonist of G-protein coupled GPR35 receptor. Since the GPR35 receptor is mainly present in the gastrointestinal tract, researchers have concentrated on the digestive system in recent years. They have found that KYNA content increases gradually and significantly along the gastrointestinal tract. Interestingly, the concentration of KYNA in the lumen is much higher than in the wall of intestine. It has been documented that KYNA may have a positive influence on the number of pathologies in the gastrointestinal tract, in particular ulcers, colon obstruction, or colitis. Future studies might determine whether it is advisable to supplement KYNA to a human organism.

The role of a nurse in providing medical care for acute cholecystitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Lilia Andreevna GARANINA ◽  
Artem Aleksandrovich NAZAROV
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Stress Fatigue ◽  
Radiological Studies

There is no doubt that the correct functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is the key to good health of the whole organism. In the current living conditions, where stress, fatigue, inappropriate nutrition, and unfavorable environmental conditions have become an integral part of a modern person’s life, the disorders associated with the work of the gastrointestinal tract are quite common and strongly affect the quality of a person’s life. Therefore, an appointment with a gastroenterologist should not be postponed. This article presents the data confirming that the pathology of the digestive system stably ranks second in the structure of morbidity and causes of death, giving way to diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Modern diagnostic methods in gastroenterology (ultrasound diagnostics, esophagoscopy, gastroscopy, laparoscopy, rectoscopy, radiological studies, a large number of laboratory techniques) make it possible to identify diseases of the digestive system in the early stages and to carry out effective prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Role of microRNAs in neuroendocrine neoplasms of the stomach

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
I. N. Peregorodiev ◽  
S. V. Vinokurova ◽  
V. Yu. Bohyan ◽  
V. V. Delektorskaya ◽  
O. A. Malikhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Microrna Expression ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rna

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of rare epithelial tumors that arise from cells with a neuroendocrine phenotype. NENs are found in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas – 60 % of all localities. The incidence of gastric NENs is about 9 % of all neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and 0.3 % of all stomach tumors. Stomach neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are classified into three clinico-pathological types, based on etiology, pathogenesis and morphology. There are also separate neuroendocrine cancers: small- and large-cell. The prognosis and approach to treatment of various types of gastric NENs differs significantly. Modern methods of instrumental diagnostics, immunohistochemical methods of morphological research, along with light microscopy, do not always allow us to accurately assess the malignant potential of a tumor and individualize the treatment process. One of the promising directions in the study of NETs is to determine the molecular mechanism underlying their development, in particular the role of microRNAs. This direction can open a new vector of understanding the pathogenesis, determining the prognosis of the disease, as well as finding new application points for the drug treatment of NETs. MicroRNAs are a class of short non-coding RNA molecules (18–25 nucleotides). MicroRNAs can be involved in the regulation of all major cellular processes, including proliferation and differentiation, metabolism, signaling pathways, and apoptosis. A study of microRNA expression in tissues revealed tumor-specific microRNAs. In contrast to a number of other malignant tumors, microRNA expression in patients diagnosed with NENs is poorly understood. MicroRNA-222 and microRNA-202 are among the few microRNAs that have been demonstrated in the NETs of the stomach.

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine tumors of gastrointestinal tract: The paradigm that lasts

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Milos Bjelovic ◽  
Tamara Babic
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Subcellular Level

Historically, the tumors that were morphologically different and clinically less agressive than the more common gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas were clasified under carcinoid tumors. However, the development of molecular biology tehniques revealed the heterogeneity of these tumors on cellular and subcellular level and ther different biological behaviour. Neuroendocrine tumors of gastrointestinal tract originated from neuroendocrine cells scaterred across the gastrointestinal mucosa. As a result these tumors were capable of secreting many different neurotransmiters, which may or may not be biologically active. The incidence of gastrointestinal NETs has been incresing over the last 2 to 3 decades. Patients often presented with vague, nonspecific symptoms which resulted in delayed diagnosis and adequate treatment. In this article, we discuss the nature of gastrointestinal NETs, clinical presentation, treatment options and prognosis.

scholarly journals The role of psychosomatic factors in the formation of diseases of the digestive system

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
E. Y. Plotnikova ◽  
T. Y. Gracheva ◽  
Y. V. Moskvina
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Psychosomatic Disorders

Psychosomatic disorders are frequent in gastroenterological practice. Visceral pain and motor-evacuation disorders of the gastrointestinal tract is a common symptom of functional gastrointestinal disorders which have a multifactorial etiology. Many patients with these diseases have comorbid behavioral disorders, such as anxiety or depression, and functional gastrointestinal disorders are described as disorders of the “gastrointestinal tract-brain” axis. Chronic stress can change the central pattern of pain, as well as motor activity and permeability of the gastrointestinal tract. The multidirectional treatment for these diseases should include psychotropic drugs and groups of somatic antipsychotics and antidepressants.

scholarly journals Role of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of a rare bladder tumor

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 091-093
Author(s):  
Manjari Kishore ◽  
Purnima Malhotra ◽  
Minakshi Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Bladder Tumor ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Bladder Tumors ◽  
History Of

AbstractNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are commonly located in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract; however, these tumors can rarely be found in the urinary bladder. NETs comprise <1% of all bladder tumors; usually intermixed with urothelial carcinoma and its variants. We report a case of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of urinary bladder in an adult female with a history of smoking and hematuria. The present case highlights the importance of immunohistochemistry in arriving at an accurate diagnosis and thereby differentiating this tumor from other clinical mimics.

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