scholarly journals Demystifying Collapse: Climate, environment, and social agency in pre-modern societies

Millennium ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
John Haldon ◽  
Arlen F. Chase ◽  
Warren Eastwood ◽  
Martin Medina-Elizalde ◽  
Adam Izdebski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Science Literature ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Social And Environmental Change ◽  
The Many ◽  
Human Actors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractCollapse is a term that has attracted much attention in social science literature in recent years, but there remain substantial areas of disagreement about how it should be understood in historical contexts. More specifically, the use of the term collapse often merely serves to dramatize long-past events, to push human actors into the background, and to mystify the past intellectually. At the same time, since human societies are complex systems, the alternative involves grasping the challenges that a holistic analysis presents, taking account of the many different levels and paces at which societies function, and developing appropriate methods that help to integrate science and history. Often neglected elements in considerations of collapse are the perceptions and beliefs of a historical society and how a given society deals with change; an important facet of this, almost entirely ignored in the discussion, is the understanding of time held by the individuals and social groups affected by change; and from this perspective ‘collapse’ depends very much on perception, including the perceptions of the modern commentator. With this in mind, this article challenges simplistic notions of ‘collapse’ in an effort to encourage a more nuanced understanding of the impact and process of both social and environmental change on past human societies.

The New Immortality: “Readings” in Aesthetics

Dialogue ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Payzant
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Commercial Publisher ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
Different Levels

It is no easy matter for a teacher of aesthetics to make a choice among the many textbooks now available in that subject. I have been looking at fourteen books of “readings” in aesthetics, all of them in English, and all but one of them published during the past twenty years. Three were published within the past six months: how many more will arrive before we have to settle down to work on another choice?There are two main reasons for this proliferation of anthologies or books of “readings”. One reason is that it is almost fatally easy for a busy academic to prepare an anthology rather than to write a book. Deans and presidents are as much impressed by the book a man edits as they are by the book he writes, although they are achievements of two very different levels. The other is that aesthetics is currently big in the booming textbook industry, and every commercial publisher wants a title on the subject in his catalogue.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI ANAK AKIBAT KONTEN KEKERASAN YANG TERDAPAT DALAM SITUS YOUTUBE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabila Nabila
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Protection Commission

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of negative content that has an element of violence on the YouTube site on child development, determine the form of legal protection of children against negative content that has an element of violence on the YouTube site. This type of research used in this study is normative juridical. The approach used in this study is the statutory approach and the analytic approach, the method of gathering legal material through library research. While the method of analyzing the legal material is done qualitatively. The many negative impacts of the shows or content being watched are supported by data from the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) which has recorded that in the past 4 years the number of violence against children has continued to increase. Forms of legal protection for children against negative content that has an element of violence on the YouTube site consists of legal protection that is preventive and repressive legal protection. Keywords: Legal Protection, Negative Content, Youtube

Struggle vs. Harmony: Symbols of Competing Values in Modern China

1953 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Competing Values ◽  
The Past ◽  
Western Power ◽  
Traditional Institutions ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
The Impact

TRaditional China was characterized by a remarkable homogeneity of mores, institutions, and values. In this it resembled the simpler societies in which, as Maclver has pointed out, the institutions are in broad accord with the mores, and one system of values prevails, being reaffirmed in every aspect of life. During the past hundred years, China's perdurable synthesis of doctrines and institutions has been slowly but certainly undermined. While the impact of the Western powers and Western technology forced the modification of Chinese institutions, the subtle penetration of Western ideas altered or destroyed every long-accepted value. The past century of China's history can be seen as a continuous struggle to regain its ancient homogeneity. That century is marked by repeated attempts to create groups of modified institutions to meet the challenge of Western power, together with groups of modified values which, it was hoped, would support the new institutions and check the spread of divisive Western ideas. These efforts failed, and with each failure more and more traditional institutions and values were abandoned as incapable of existing in amalgam with Western elements. In this process, different social groups reacted differently to the persisting appeal of the old and the attraction of the new and, in so reacting, further undermined the old synthesis of values and institutions.

scholarly journals Alcabalas de Sogamoso: Tensiones ante la aplicación de un nuevo método de recaudo en un pueblo del Nuevo Reino de Granada, 1805-1818

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 73-102
Author(s):  
Elver Armando Rodriguez Nupan
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
New Method ◽  
New Kingdom ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Bourbon Reforms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

En este artículo se analiza el impacto de la aplicación de un nuevo método de recaudo de las alcabalas en Sogamoso entre 1805 y 1818, en el contexto de las reformas político-administrativas emprendidas por los Borbones en el Nuevo Reino de Granada a partir de la mitad del siglo XVIII. Se abordan diferentes niveles de tensión entre funcionarios, grupos sociales y élites locales emergentes, para demostrar que la aplicación tardía de las reformas borbónicas en Sogamoso, fueron recibidas localmente con el mismo descontento que causaron en todo el territorio americano.Palabras Clave: alcabalas, Reformas borbónicas, impuestos, Sogamoso.¨Alcabalas¨ of Sogamoso: Tensions as a Result of the Implementation of a New Method of Collection in a Town of the New Kingdom of Granada, 1805-1818Abstract Through this paper is analyzed the  impact of the application of a new method for collection of the alcabalas in Sogamoso between 1805 and 1818, in the context of political and administrative reforms undertaken by the Bourbons in the New Kingdom of Granada from half of the eighteenth century. It addresses different levels of tension between officials, social groups and emerging local elites, to show that the late implementation of the Bourbon reforms in Sogamoso, were received locally with the same discontent that caused throughout the Americas.Keywords: alcabalas, Bourbon reforms, taxes, Sogamoso.

The Prevalence and the Increasing Significance ofGuanxi

2018 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 597-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjie Bian
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Science Literature ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Institutional Uncertainty ◽  
Level Variable

AbstractThis paper provides an analytical review of the social science literature onguanxi. The focus of this review is on the prevalence and the increasing significance ofguanxiduring China's post-1978 reforms, which were implemented to move the country towards a market economy. Since then, researchers have engaged in debates on whatguanxiactually means to Chinese people in the past and today, how it has been adaptive to ongoing institutional transformations, and why its influence in economic, social, and political spheres can stabilize, increase or decrease with market reforms and economic growth. The author provides a synthesis of these debates before offering a theoretical framework which provides an understanding of the dynamics ofguanxithrough the changing degrees of institutional uncertainty and market competition. Survey findings on the increasing use ofguanxiin labour markets from 1978 to 2009 are presented to illustrate the usefulness of this framework. In the conclusion, the author argues thatguanxiis a five-level variable, and that the nature and forms ofguanxiinfluence are contingent upon whetherguanxiis a tie of connectivity, a sentimental tie, a sentiment-derived instrumental tie, an instrumental-particular tie, or an obligational tie that facilitates power and money exchanges. This five-level conceptualization is aimed at advancing future scholarship ofguanxiin China's rapidly changing society.

scholarly journals The level of detail for 4D BIM modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 1209 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Y Nechyporchuk ◽  
R Baskova
Keyword(s):  
Level Of Detail ◽  
The Past ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract 4D modeling has been actively developing over the past decade along with the progress of BIM implementation. 4D model can provide enhanced early decisions about the space-temporal criticality of work elements. This models is a collection of graphical and scheduling information about an object. These inputs can have different levels of detail (LOD). In creating and using BIM projects, the LOD of datasets is an important aspect. However, to date there is limited research thoroughly investigating the issue of LOD within 4D models. The article provides an overview of studies related to the level of detail for 4D models, and also describes the impact of LOD on the final 4D model.

Untying Conceptual Knots: The Analytical Limits of the Concepts of De-Standardisation and Reflexivity

Sociology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 666-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Nico ◽  
Ana Caetano
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
Social Science Literature ◽  
Empirical Hypothesis ◽  
The One ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Contemporary Practice ◽  
Growing Mass

In some of the sociological production of recent decades, the popularity of individualisation theories has resulted in conceptually undifferentiated notions in the analysis of social change. De-standardisation, de-institutionalisation and pluralisation, on the one hand, and reflexivity, agency and action, on the other, are concepts that are frequently used interchangeably, self-evidently and without differentiation. In the social science literature, they often assume the almost incontestable status of a premise, instead of that of an object or empirical hypothesis. Rebutting this approach, in this article, the hypothesis that the process of de-standardising the life course as a growing mass phenomenon has little empirical evidence to support it, is postulated and confirmed. The exercise of reflexivity as an exclusively contemporary practice, mobilised homogeneously by all social groups is also questioned. On the basis of European and Portuguese samples, both statistical and content analyses of biographical sequences and narratives are employed.

Intermittent abstentionism and multi-level mobilisation in Italy

Modern Italy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Legnante ◽  
Paolo Segatti
Keyword(s):  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
The Past ◽  
Voting Participation ◽  
Territorial Differentiation ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Clear Increase ◽  
Different Levels

This article is focused on one of the most relevant novelties in the Italian electoral market of the past decade: the emerging phenomenon of intermittent abstentionism. Rather than an increase in overall abstentionism rates, aggregate and survey data show a clear increase in the number of floating voters who swing between voting and non-voting. After a description of the characteristics of intermittent abstensionists, the article discusses the relationship between different electoral systems at different levels of government and territorial differentiation as far as voting participation is concerned. It then discusses the impact of intermittent abstentionism on the results of the 2006 general election where the parties’ electoral campaigns appear to have been aimed at mobilising intermittent abstensionists. The article concludes with some considerations of the Italian electoral cycle, particularly in relation to the changes generated by the run-up to the 2008 elections.

scholarly journals The Human Cost of IIRIRA —Stories from Individuals Impacted by the Immigration Detention System

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Ahmed ◽  
Adina Appelbaum ◽  
Rachel Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Immigration Reform ◽  
Immigration Detention ◽  
Central Function ◽  
Criminal Convictions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

The 1996 passage of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) has had a devastating impact on immigrants who are detained, indigent, and forced to face deportation proceedings without representation (pro se). In the past 20 years, immigration detention has grown exponentially and a criminal–immigration detention–deportation pipeline has developed as a central function of the immigration system. Despite the growing specter of the “criminal alien” in the American psyche, there is little public knowledge or scrutiny of the vast immigration detention and deportation machine. Enforcement of IIRIRA has effectively erased human stories and narrowed immigration debates to numbers and statistics. The five vignettes below tell the stories of individuals who have personally experienced the impact of IIRIRA. Part 1 describes the on-the-ground reality of a state public defender's obligations and struggles to defend immigrants from harsh consequences of criminal convictions. Part 2 provides the perspective of an indigent immigrant fighting his deportation pro se. Part 3 describes a nonprofit immigration attorney's challenges in providing legal services to detained immigrants. Part 4 is a glimpse into the brisk pace of an immigration judge's detained docket. Part 5 tells the story of a detained immigrant's family member and the many hoops she must jump through to ensure he has a fighting chance in immigration court. Collectively, these vignettes provide a realistic picture of the immigration detention experience, revealing the human cost of IIRIRA.

Chevron, State Farm, and the Impact of Judicial Doctrine on Bureaucratic Policymaking

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Alan E. Wiseman ◽  
John R. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Automobile Insurance ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
State Farm ◽  
Bureaucratic Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Judicial Doctrine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trump Administration

We explain how two landmark Supreme Court cases, Motor Vehicles Manufacturers Association of the U.S. v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. (1983) and Chevron U.S.A., Inc., v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. (1984), have constrained congressional and presidential control of the bureaucracy. We provide an overview of these cases, and we note how the dominant theories of bureaucratic policy making in the political science literature fail to account for judicial doctrine in a meaningful way. We illustrate the implications of these cases for recent debates regarding regulatory rollbacks in the Trump administration, and we argue that bureaucratic control over the past forty years has tilted in favor of the judicial branch of American national government.

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