Application of gradient method for separately analyzing optical and mechanical dot gain of electrophotography prints

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-539
Author(s):  
Katarina Itrić ◽  
Damir Modrić ◽  
Marin Milković ◽  
Alan Divjak

Abstract The ultimate goal of each production process is to optimize all the subprocesses leading to the high quality final product. Within the printing process, dot gain is identified as one of the most important variables to control because of the extremely negative impact to middle tone contrast and the overall reproduction. Dot gain consists of two components, mechanical and optical dot gain, as a result of two different contributions. This article proposes a model for separately analyzing components of dot gain for electrophotography prints using gradient method, where the impact of printing technique and paper type will be examined. It is shown that mechanical dot gain for electrophotography prints can be satisfactorily approximated with Gaussian, whilst optical dot gain is once again confirmed to have the form of a Lorentzian.

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 683-691
Author(s):  
Jean Doherty ◽  
Mary Brosnan ◽  
Lucille Sheehy

Background There has been a shift in maternity care over the past decade. The changes encountered by postnatal ward staff and the impact of these changes on women postnatally requires exploration. This study aimed to ascertain midwives' and healthcare assistants' perspectives of the changes in postnatal care and challenges to providing care in the current context. Methods This was a qualitative study involving two focus groups of 15 midwives and healthcare assistants from an Irish urban maternity hospital. The participants' responses were analysed thematically. Results Changes in women's clinical characteristics, including increased comorbidities and caesarean section rates, were highlighted as creating additional care needs. Furthermore, additional midwifery tasks and clinical protocols as well as shorter hospital stays leave little time for high-quality, woman-centred care. Participants highlighted a negative impact on maternal health from limited follow-up midwifery care in the community. Conclusions With additional midwifery duties and a reduction in time to complete them, additional community midwifery care is key to providing high-quality follow-on care after postnatal discharge from hospital.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Wang ◽  
Baizhou Li

AbstractThe high-quality development of the manufacturing industry is an important strategic task for Chinese economic development. The rapid development of the manufacturing industry is also accompanied by problems such as overcapacity and environmental pollution. This paper analyzes the impact of capacity utilization on the high-quality development of manufacturing and establishes a nonlinear threshold regression model on this basis, and studies and analyzes environmental regulations as a threshold variable under the influence of capacity utilization rate on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry. The research results show that: capacity utilization, profitability, foreign direct investment, and government participation all have a significant positive impact on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry; environmental regulations have a significant negative impact on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry. And in the model of the effect of capacity utilization on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry, environmental regulation has a single threshold effect. With the increase in the intensity of environmental regulation, the coefficient and significance of the effect of capacity utilization on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry have changed. Finally, this article puts forward corresponding policies and suggestions based on the results of data analysis.


Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Berger ◽  
Lidia Panico ◽  
Anne Solaz

Abstract Proponents of early childhood education and care programs cite evidence that high-quality center-based childcare has positive impacts on child development, particularly for disadvantaged children. However, much of this evidence stems from randomized evaluations of small-scale intensive programs based in the United States and other Anglo/English-speaking countries. Evidence is more mixed with respect to widespread or universal center-based childcare provision. In addition, most evidence is based on childcare experiences of 3- to 5-year-old children; less is known about the impact of center-based care in earlier childhood. The French context is particularly suited to such interrogation because the majority of French children who attend center-based care do so in high-quality, state-funded, state-regulated centers, known as crèches, and before age 3. We use data from a large, nationally representative French birth cohort, the Étude Longitudinale Français depuis l'Enfance (Elfe), and an instrumental variables strategy that leverages exogenous variation in both birth quarter and local crèche supply to estimate whether crèche attendance at age 1 has an impact on language, motor skills, and child behavior at age 2. Results indicate that crèche attendance has a positive impact on language skills, no impact on motor skills, and a negative impact on behavior. Moreover, the positive impact on language skills is particularly concentrated among disadvantaged children. This implies that facilitating increased crèche access among disadvantaged families may hold potential for decreasing early socioeconomic disparities in language development and, given the importance of early development for later-life outcomes, thereby have an impact on long-term population inequalities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (162) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
O. Vlasova

Today, the issues of transfer pricing come to the fore in the ranking of current problems of tax administration not only in Ukraine but also in the world as a whole. This is due to the need for tax control to ensure price equality between related and independent entities in international business as a measure to combat the erosion of the tax base and the withdrawal of profits from taxation. The article presents a structured analysis of research by foreign and domestic scientists on transfer pricing in the field of management accounting or tax control. In particular, the grouping of views of scientists and practitioners on the nature and role in the accounting and analytical system of transfer pricing from the point of view of management accounting and tax administration. Study of the impact on the practice of transfer pricing methods of the picture of economic reality distorted by the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The need to use the transfer pricing mechanism in management accounting is due to the current trend of decentralization of management, and a prerequisite - the desire of top management to accelerate the production process, accelerate the turnover of equity and maximize profits. The advantages of using transfer pricing in management accounting to accelerate the production process and maximize profits, which led to the creation of corporations with the final technological cycle. It is also established that when deciding on the use of such a tool of internal pricing, one should keep in mind the cautions analyzed in the article. The preconditions for the introduction of tax control over transfer pricing in international business, as well as the basic laws and regulations in force in the global and Ukrainian economic space. The necessity and validity of the application of the OECD International Guidelines on Transfer Pricing, despite the provisions of Art. 39 of the Tax Code of Ukraine The ways of further development of tax control over transfer pricing within the framework of the BEPS Action Plan in Ukraine are considered. The need for further research on solving the problems of transfer pricing in the field of management accounting and taxation was identified, especially on the preparation of an information basis to justify the compliance of transfer prices with «Arm’s length principle».


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Wentao Xu

This paper uses the data of 30 provincial regions in mainland China except Tibet from 2006 to 2018 to weighted measure the intensity of environmental regulation through the weight determined by the ranking of pollutant emission intensity year by year; Based on the three subsystems of economy, society and environment, this paper constructs a high-quality development measurement index system, and determines the weight year by year by entropy method, as well as measures the high-quality development level by weight; From the perspective of enterprise production decision, the influence of environmental regulation on high-quality development is theoretically deduced. Through the empirical test of two threshold models with environmental regulation intensity and per capita GDP as the threshold, it confirms each other, and empirically analyzes the impact of environmental regulation intensity on high-quality development level. The research results show that: The impact of environmental regulation intensity on high-quality development level, with the change of enterprises’ decision-making to deal with environmental regulation, has an obvious threshold effect. Before reaching the threshold, the increase of environmental regulation intensity has a negative impact on high-quality development; After reaching the threshold, the impact of the increase of environmental regulation intensity on high-quality development may have a short uncertain stage, followed by a positive impact. Government environmental regulation should be combined with the local stage to avoid the misunderstanding of blindly improving the intensity of environmental regulation; Government environmental regulation should focus on reducing the cost of cleaner production and technological innovation, and accelerate the formation of “forced“ innovation mechanism of environmental regulation, so as to give full play to the positive role of environmental regulation in promoting high-quality and high-development.


2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-229
Author(s):  
Petras Grecevičius ◽  
Algimantas M. Olšauskas ◽  
Ramunė Urbonienė

In the last few years, a negative impact on the environmental values of the Lithuanian urban landscape was made by an increasingly growing urbanization: more densely situated buildings, growing areas of solid concrete or other surface, less and less space for greenery. Soon, roofs shall be equipped not only with antennas, but also with solar collectors and small wind turbines. All this will undoubtedly have an impact on the architectural expression of buildings and landscapes and in the near future, the impact will become even more significant. To achieve high aesthetic value and ecological stability of Lithuanian urban landscapes, the necessary number of studies are required as well as regulatory planning and legislative measures to guarantee the high quality of landscapes not only in the coming years, but in the long term as well. Dust and gas polluted air creates major threat to human health in urban areas. Atmospheric air saturated with harmful substances penetrates into residential housing, hospitals, educational institutions and classrooms, and industrial premises. Indoor air is saturated with chemicals and substances, such as xylene, benzene, formaldehyde, ammonia, acetone and others, are released by building materials and furniture. Besides, there is also human and bio-depleted air. Free planting of trees and shrubs, flowers, grass, balcony attached trays, and plants in pots at the premises is no longer sufficient in urban areas.. Drastic architectural and urbanistic measures are required to help people in the city to restore the natural environment. We are children of nature and we have to move closer to it. To hide urban monotony, considerable efforts have to be made: plans – our friends – should take their places on building roofs and walls, balconies and terraces. This article analyses some of sustainable development issues particular to a Lithuanian city and associated with new technologies pertaining to urban landscape, urban spaces and architectural buildings, architecture, and environment. Some preliminary proposals for possible solutions to improve the basic architecture of buildings and townscapes to enrich the life of new high-quality brands are offered. Santrauka Pastaruoju laikotarpiu Lietuvos miestų kraštovaizdyje vis labiau daugėja urbanizacijos ženklų, darančių negatyvų poveikį aplinkos estetinėms vertybėms ir gyvenimo kokybei. Tankėja užstatymas, vis mažiau vietos lieka želdiniams, didėja kietų betoninių ar kt. paviršių plotas. Ant pastatų stogų įrengiami pavieniai saulės kolektoriai, antenos, mažosios vėjo jėgainės ir kt. Augalai išstumiami iš renovuojamų daugiabučių pastatų kiemų prioritetą suteikiant automobiliams. Nebelieka vietos vaikų žaidimų aikštelėms. Pastatų viduje oro kokybė ne geresnė kaip kieme ar gatvėje. Visa tai neabejotinai daro įtaką architektūrinei pastatų bei miestovaizdžių raiškai bei žmonių sveikatai. Ateityje, tankėjant užstatymui miesto centrinėse dalyse, ta įtaka dar labiau didės. Dulkėmis ir dujomis užterštas oras kelia didžiulę grėsmę žmonių sveikatai. Atmosferos oras, prisotintas kenksmingų medžiagų, skverbiasi į gyvenamuosius būstus, ligonių palatas, mokymo įstaigų klases ir auditorijas, gamybines patalpas. Jau nebepakanka laisvus plotus miestuose apsodinti medžiais ir krūmais, gėlėmis, apsėti žole. Būtinos kardinalios priemonės, padedančios žmogui mieste sugrąžinti natūralią gamtinę aplinką. Siekiant aukštos Lietuvos miestų kraštovaizdžių estetinės vertės, ekologinio stabilumo, būtini sisteminiai architektūriniai ir urbanistiniai tyrimai, taip pat pastatų ir kvartalų, pastatų aplinkos projektavimą reglamentuojančios, planavimo bei teisinės priemonės, kurios garantuotų aukštą kraštovaizdžio kokybę ne tik artimiausiais metais bet ir perspektyvoje. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami kai kurie Lietuvos miestų darnaus vystymosi aspektai susieti su naujų kraštovaizdžio technologijų įtaka urbanizuotų miesto erdvių aplinkai, pateikiami preliminarūs siūlymai, kaip naujus aplinkos elementus kuo tinkamiau išnaudoti gerinant pastatų architektūrą, miesto vaizdą, gyvenimo kokybę.


2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdellatif Chatri ◽  
Khadija Hadef ◽  
Naima Samoudi

AbstractThis paper aims to assess the impact of the Moroccan wage subsidy program "Idmaj". It applies the propensity score matching method to the data from a survey conducted by the Ministry of Labour on a sample of eligible individuals. Our results suggest that wage subsidies in Morocco have a positive but marginally significant effect on reducing unemployment and improving employment and a significant negative impact on wages. It also highlights some heterogeneous effects of the program, particularly on women. Finally, it appears that the program did not serve as a stepping stone to higher-paying, high-quality work and, in contrast, it had a stigmatizing effect on beneficiaries.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Natasha Bryant ◽  
Robyn Stone ◽  
Francesca Falzarano ◽  
Verena Cimarolli

Abstract Although research on factors mitigating the negative impact of strain/stress experienced by nursing home (NH) workers during the pandemic is emerging, there is no research on how COVID-19-related work stress and employer supports influence NH workers decision to resign. The purpose of this study was to investigate if high quality communication related to COVID-19 by the employer – a form of job support - can mitigate the impact of work stress on NH employees (N=1,730) decision to resign by optimizing employees’ preparedness to care for residents with COVID-19. Guided by the Job-Demands-Control-Support Model and employing path analyses, results indicate that higher stress was associated with greater likelihood of resigning, which operated through the paths of communication quality and preparedness. While higher stress was associated with less optimal quality of communication, good quality of communication was associated with more optimal preparedness which was associated with reduced likelihood of leaving one’s job.


2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Meng Shang ◽  
Chunjie Jia ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Junwei Cao

Based on the cross-sectional data of 40 large-scale international airports in China in 2019, this paper introduced natural and social factors into the calculation of airport operating efficiency and constructed a BCC-SFA-BCC-Tobit 4-stage analysis framework. Combining with the connotation of the “green, smart, humane, and safe” airport high-quality development, the paper applied the Tobit model to quantitatively analyze the influencing factors of the operating efficiency of airports, and the research shows that (1) the overall operating efficiency of the study airports is 0.734; in terms of the region, the operating efficiency of airports located in southwest and northwest regions is greatly affected by natural factors, while the operating efficiency of airports located in North China is mostly affected by social factors. (2) Under the perspective of human-earth relationship, the impact of natural factors on the operating efficiency of airports is greater than that of social factors, wherein PM2.5 and relative humidity have negative impact, while the actual foreign capital utilization of the city and domestic and foreign tourists have positive impact. (3) The regression results of the Tobit model indicate that green, smart, and safe indicators can promote the high-quality development of airports, while the humane indicator restrains the high-quality development of airports.


2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
A. P. Korzh ◽  
T. V. Zahovalko

Recently, the number of published works devoted to the processes of synanthropization of fauna, is growing like an avalanche, which indicates the extreme urgency of this theme. In our view, the process of forming devices to coexist with human and the results of his life reflects the general tandency of the modern nature evolution. Urbanization is characteristic for such a specific group of animals like amphibians, the evidence of which are numerous literature data. Many researchers use this group to assess the bioindicative quality of the environment. For this aim a variety of indicators are used: from the cellular level of life of organization up to the species composition of the group in different territories. At the same time, the interpretation of the results is not always comparable for different areas and often have significantly different interpretations by experts. Urban environment, primarily due to the contamination is extremely aggressive to amphibians. As a consequence, the urban populations of amphibians may be a change in the demographic structure, affecting the reproductive ability of the population, the disappearance of the most sensitive species or individuals, resizing animals, the appearance of abnormalities in the development, etc. At the same time play an important amphibians in the ecosystems of cities, and some species in these conditions even feel relatively comfortable. Therefore, it is interesting to understand the mechanisms of self-sustaining populations of amphibians in urban environments. To assess the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the development of amphibian populations were used cognitive modeling using the program Vensim PLE. Cognitive map of the model for urban and suburban habitat conditions were the same. The differences concerned the strength of connections between individual factors (migration, fertility, pollution) and their orientation. In general, factors like pollution, parasites, predators had negative impact on the population, reducing its number. The birth rate, food and migration contributed to raising number of individuals. Some of the factors affected on the strength to of each other as well: the majority of the factors affected the structure of the population, had an influence on the fertility. Thanks to it the model reflects the additive effect of complex of factors on the subsequent status of the population. Proposed and analyzed four scenarios differing strength and duration of exposure. In the first scenario, a one-time contamination occurs and not subsequently repeated. The second and third scenario assumes half board contamination, 1 year (2 scenario) and two years (scenario 3). In the fourth scenario, the pollution affected the population of amphibians constantly. In accordance with the results of simulation, much weaker than the natural populations respond to pollution - have them as an intensive population growth and its disappearance at constant pollution is slow. Changes to other parameters of the model showed that this pollution is the decisive factor -only the constant action leads to a lethal outcome for the populations. All other components of the model have a corrective effect on the population dynamics, without changing its underlying trand. In urban areas due to the heavy impact of pollution maintaining the population is only possible thanks to the migration process – the constant replenishment of diminishing micropopulations of natural reserves. This confirms the assumption that the form of existence metapopulations lake frog in the city. In order to maintain the number of amphibians in urban areas at a high level it is necessary to maintain existing migration routes and the creation of new ones. Insular nature of the placement of suitable habitats in urban areas causes the metapopulation structure of the types of urbanists. Therefore, the process of urbanization is much easier for those species whicht are capable of migration in conditions of city. In the initial stages of settling the city micropopulationis formed by selective mortality of the most susceptible individuals to adverse effects. In future, maintaining the categories of individuals is provided mainly due to migration processes metapopulisation form of the species of existence is supported). It should be noted that the changes in the previous levels are always saved in future. In the case of reorganizations of individuals we of morphology can assume the existence of extremely adverse environmental conditions that threaten the extinction of the micropopulations. 


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